Integrasi Kurikulum 2013 Dan Kurikulum Cambridge (Studi Kasus di SD Muhammadiyah 1 Ketelan Surakarta)

Curriculum is one of the important aspects in education and one part of the determinants of success in achieving national education goals. Although not the only determinant in improving the quality of education, the function of the curriculum in the course of education and teaching can support the quality and quality of students. Currently, there are many educational institutions that use the national curriculum and international curriculum, usually carrying out curriculum integration. The inclusion of this foreign curriculum aims to improve the quality of education in Indonesia. One of them is the Cambridge curriculum. The purpose of this study is to analyze the integration of the 2013 Curriculum and the Cambridge Curriculum and to describe the constraints in implementing curriculum integration. This research is a type of field research that uses a qualitative approach. Collecting data using interviews, observation, and documentation. Meanwhile, data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation, and draws conclusions. The results of this study indicate that at SD Muhammadiyah 1 Ketelan Surakarta, between the 2013 Curriculum and the Cambridge Curriculum are not fully integrated, because only English lessons are integrated with English. While other folders use the National Curriculum. Nonetheless, there are at least two similarities between the two curricula, namely learning administration and learning characteristics, active learning class and student centered. Meanwhile, in terms of constraints, it consists of technical and non-technical constraints. Technical constraints such as facilities and infrastructure that are less functioning. Non-technical constraints, in the form of deficiencies in content or learning materials

Trypanosomes can initiate nuclear export co-transcriptionally

The nuclear envelope serves as important messenger RNA (mRNA) surveillance system. In yeast and human, several control systems act in parallel to prevent nuclear export of unprocessed mRNAs. Trypanosomes lack homologues to most of the involved proteins and their nuclear mRNA metabolism is nonconventional exemplified by polycistronic transcription and mRNA processing by trans-splicing. We here visualized nuclear export in trypanosomes by intra- and intermolecular multi-colour single molecule FISH. We found that, in striking contrast to other eukaryotes, the initiation of nuclear export requires neither the completion of transcription nor splicing. Nevertheless, we show that unspliced mRNAs are mostly prevented from reaching the nucleus-distant cytoplasm and instead accumulate at the nuclear periphery in cytoplasmic nuclear periphery granules (NPGs). Further characterization of NPGs by electron microscopy and proteomics revealed that the granules are located at the cytoplasmic site of the nuclear pores and contain most cytoplasmic RNAbinding proteins but none of the major translation initiation factors, consistent with a function in preventing faulty mRNAs from reaching translation. Our data indicate that trypanosomes regulate the completion of nuclear export, rather than the initiation. Nuclear export control remains poorly understood, in any organism, and the described way of control may not be restricted to trypanosomes