Desarrollo colaborativo de los profesores del área de inglés para la reforma del currículum.

El presente trabajo intenta indagar sobre la cultura profesional dominante en el Área de Inglés de la ULA Táchira, para luego diseñar y aplicar un programa que impulse el trabajo colaborativo en el profesorado del Área. La investigación está dividida en dos fases: en la primera se conoce la situación de trabajo y en la segunda se diseña, aplica y evalúa el programa de trabajo colaborativo. Se utiliza la etnografía y la narrativa biográfica como métodos de investigación; los datos se recogen a través de la entrevista biográfica, el análisis de contenido y el cuestionario. Luego de la interpretación, los resultados demuestran que la cultura profesional dominante es el individualismo y, después de la aplicación del programa, se observan algunos cambios. Se concluye que el trabajo colaborativo es una herramienta útil para la mejora del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y el desarrollo personal y profesional del profesorado.This report tries to investigate on the predominant professional culture in the English Area of ULA Táchira, and then to design and apply a program that stimulates the collaborative work in the Area. The research is divided in two phases: in the first one, the situation is known and in the second one, a collaborative work program is designed, applied and evaluated. The ethnography and the narrative inquiry are used as investigating methods. The information is collected by the biographical interview, the analysis of content and the questionnaire.When it is interpreted, the results demonstrate that the professional predominant culture is the individualism, and after the application of the program, some changes are observed. It concludes that the collaborative work is a useful tool for improving the teaching-learning process and the personal and professional development of professors.Key words: collaborative work, professional culture, personal and professional development, teaching-learning process

¿GESTIÓN DE LA VIOLENCIA EN EL FÚTBOL?: PERSPECTIVAS CRÍTICAS SOBRE INGLATERRA Y BÉLGICA

This article arises from the need to review and think approaches of regulation and management of violence in football spectacle regarding the installed complaining standpoint of heavy-hand. Taking into consideration the Mexican and the Argetinian contexts, it is possible to observe how media as well as other actors involved in the business quote time and again England´s success regarding their hooligans. In opposition to this vision that has been translated into security arrangements. Two management approaches are here compared: the commercial transformation of the British football and the Belgic experience of sanctions combined with social prevention schemas. The objective aims at generating public policy discussion in order to find useful and discernible tools for other contexts.El artículo surge de la necesidad de revisar y pensar esquemas de regulación y gestión de la violencia en el espéctaculo del fútbol frente a la postura instalada de reclamo de mano dura. A partir de los contextos mexicano y argentino es posbible observar como los medios de comunicación, así como otros actores ligados al negocio citan con reiteración al éxito de Inglaterra con respecto a los hooligans. Frente a esta postura que se ha ido traduciendo también en dispositivos de seguridad, se busca aquí comparar dos enfoques de gestión: las transformaciones mercantiles en el fútbol británico y la experiencia belga de sanciones combinadas con esquemas de prevención social. El objetivo es así contribuir a generar debates de política pública a fin de encontrar herramientas útiles y discernibles para otros contextos.

The combined use of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and brain natriuretic peptide improves risk stratification in pediatric cardiac surgery

Abstract Background: The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis whether the combined use of a cardio-specific biomarker, the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and a marker of early renal damage, the assay of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), may improve risk stratification in pediatric cardiac surgery. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 135 children [median age 7 (interquartile range 1–49) months] undergoing to cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease. All biomarkers were evaluated pre- and post-operatively at different times after cardiopulmonary-bypass (CPB): uNGAL at 2, 6 and 12 h; BNP at 12 and 36 h; serum creatinine at 2, 6, 12, and 36 h. Primary endpoints were development of acute kidney injury (AKI) (defined as 1.5 serum creatinine increase) and intubation time. Results: AKI occurred in 39% of patients (65% neonates and 32% older children, p=0.004). The peak of uNGAL values occurred more frequently at 2 h. uNGAL values at 2 h [median 28.2 (interquartile range 7.0–124.6) ng/L] had a good diagnostic accuracy for early diagnosis of AKI with an AUC (area under the curve) ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve of 0.85 (SE 0.034). Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, development of AKI was significantly associated with uNGAL values at 2 h after CPB [OR=1.88 (1.30–2.72, p=0.001)], together with the CPB time and Aristotle score, as an index of complexity of the surgical procedure, while pre-operative BNP values were not. Furthermore, uNGAL and pre-operative BNP values (together with Aristotle score) were significantly associated with adverse outcome (longer intubation time and mortality). Conclusions: Pre-operative BNP and uNGAL values after surgery (together with the Aristotle score) were independently associated with a more severe course and worse outcome in children undergoing cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease.</jats:p

Correlation between micro and macrostructural biaxial behavior of ascending thoracic aneurysm: a novel experimental technique

Mechanical properties and microstructural modifications of vessel tissues are strongly linked, as established in the state of the art of cardiovascular diseases. Techniques to obtain both mechanical and structural information are reported, but the possibility to obtain real-time microstructural and macrostructural data correlated is still lacking. An experimental approach to characterize the aortic tissue is presented. A setup integrating biaxial traction and Small Angle Light Scattering (SALS) analysis is described. The system was adopted to test ex-vivo aorta specimens from healthy and aneusymatic (aTAA) cases. A significant variation of the fiber dispersion with respect to the unloaded state was encountered during the material traction. The corresponding microstructural and mechanical data were successfully used to fit a given anisotropic constitutive model, with satisfactory R2 values (0.97±0.11 and 0.96±0.17, for aTAA and healthy population, respectively) and fiber dispersion parameters variations between the aTAA and healthy populations (0.39±0.23 and 0.15±0.10). The method integrating the biaxial/SALS technique was validated, allowing for real-time synchronization between mechanical and microstructural analysis of anisotropic biological tissues

Surgical repair for aortic dissection accompanying a right-sided aortic arch

Aortic anomaly in which a right-sided aortic arch associated with Kommerell's diverticulum and aberrant left subclavian artery is rare. The present report describes a patient with type-B aortic dissection accompanying aortic anomalies consisting of right-sided aortic arch and the left common carotid and left subclavian artery arising from Kommerell's diverticulum. As dissecting aortic aneurysm diameter increased rapidly, Single-stage surgical repair of extensive thoracic aorta was performed through median sternotomy and right posterolateral fifth intercostal thoracotomy, yielding favorable results. Our surgical procedures are discussed

Intracardiac left atrial tuberculoma in an eleven-month-old infant: case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cardiac tuberculosis is rare and usually manifests as tuberculous pericarditis. Involvement of other part of the heart is unusual and descriptions in the pediatric literature are confined to few case reports regarding mainly myocardial tuberculosis.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We describe a case of pulmonary miliary tuberculosis associated with intracardiac left atrial tuberculoma in an immunocompetent eleven-month-old infant successfully treated with surgery and antituberculous therapy.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Although unusual, involvement of endocardium in disseminated tuberculosis should be kept in mind.</p

Dialetheism in Action: A New Strategy for Solving the Equal Validity Paradox

This paper starts from the Equal Validity Paradox, a paradoxical argument connected to the so-called phenomenon of faultless disagreement. It is argued that there are at least six strategies for solving the paradox. After presenting the first five strategies and their main problems, the paper focuses on the sixth strategy which rejects the assumption that every proposition cannot be both true a false. Dialetheism is the natural candidate for developing strategy six. After presenting strategy six in detail, we formulate a normative problem for the dialetheist and offer a tentative solution to it. We then elaborate further considerations connecting strategy six to pluralism about truth and logic. Even if strategy six is a hard path to take, its scrutiny highlights some important points on truth, logic and the norms for acceptance and rejection

Current trends in cannulation and neuroprotection during surgery of the aortic arch in Europe†‡

OBJECTIVES To conduct a survey across European cardiac centres to evaluate the methods used for cerebral protection during aortic surgery involving the aortic arch. METHODS All European centres were contacted and surgeons were requested to fill out a short, comprehensive questionnaire on an internet-based platform. One-third of more than 400 contacted centres completed the survey correctly. RESULTS The most preferred site for arterial cannulation is the subclavian-axillary, both in acute and chronic presentation. The femoral artery is still frequently used in the acute condition, while the ascending aorta is a frequent second choice in the case of chronic presentation. Bilateral antegrade brain perfusion is chosen by the majority of centres (2/3 of cases), while retrograde perfusion or circulatory arrest is very seldom used and almost exclusively in acute clinical presentation. The same pumping system of the cardio pulmonary bypass is most of the time used for selective cerebral perfusion, and the perfusate temperature is usually maintained between 22 and 26°C. One-third of the centres use lower temperatures. Perfusate flow and pressure are fairly consistent among centres in the range of 10-15 ml/kg and 60 mmHg, respectively. In 60% of cases, barbiturates are added for cerebral protection, while visceral perfusion still receives little attention. Regarding cerebral monitoring, there is a general tendency to use near-infrared spectroscopy associated with bilateral radial pressure measurement. CONCLUSIONS These data represent a snapshot of the strategies used for cerebral protection during major aortic surgery in current practice, and may serve as a reference for standardization and refinement of different approache