Протеом липопротеинов высокой плотности

БЕЛКИЛИПОПРОТЕИНЫ, ЛВППРОТЕО

Localization of dexamethasone within dendritic core-multishell (CMS) nanoparticles and skin penetration properties studied by multi-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy

The skin and especially the stratum corneum (SC) act as a barrier and protect epidermal cells and thus the whole body against xenobiotica of the external environment. Topical skin treatment requires an efficient drug delivery system (DDS). Polymer-based nanocarriers represent novel transport vehicles for dermal application of drugs. In this study dendritic core-multishell (CMS) nanoparticles were investigated as promising candidates. CMS nanoparticles were loaded with a drug (analogue) and were applied to penetration studies of skin. We determined by dual-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) how dexamethasone (Dx) labelled with 3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxy (PCA) is associated with the CMS. The micro-environment of the drug loaded to CMS nanoparticles was investigated by pulsed high-field EPR at cryogenic temperature, making use of the fact that magnetic parameters (g-, A-matrices, and spin-lattice relaxation time) represent specific probes for the micro-environment. Additionally, the rotational correlation time of spin-labelled Dx was probed by continuous wave EPR at ambient temperature, which provides independent information on the drug environment. Furthermore, the penetration depth of Dx into the stratum corneum of porcine skin after different topical applications was investigated. The location of Dx in the CMS nanoparticles is revealed and the function of CMS as penetration enhancers for topical application is shown

Topdressing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on cool season grasses for pasture production

Cover title.Includes bibliographical references (page 40)

Untersuchung der Spannung des Unterlids mittels neuartigen Spannungstests und 3D Stereophotogrammmetrie

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Unterlidspannung auf verschiedene Art und Weisen mittels altbekannter und neuer Untersuchungsmethoden, quantifiziert mittels einer 3D-Kameratechnik namens VECTRA M3 und dem Analysemodul VAM. In 3 Teilen wurde untersucht ob die mediale Lidbandspannung mittels eines lateralen Distaktionstest mess- und quantifizierbar ist, ob die Unterlidspannung mittels eines neuartigen Edelstahl Augenlidhaken untersuchbar und dann im letzten Teil, vergleichbar mit dem bisher existierenden Zugtest für das Unterlid ist. Für diese Untersuchungen wurden mehrere Bilder mittels des VECTRA M3 Stereophotogrammmetrie Geräts in neutralen und abgelenkten Positionen aufgenommen und im Anschluss durch das VAM System, durch anbringen von Landmarkensystemen auf prominenten anatomischen Strukturen, diese Bilder standardisiert ausgewertet. Die Probanden für diese Studie wurden alle im Zeitraum von Oktober 2019 bis Februar 2020 in der Poliklinik der Universitätsaugenklinik Köln rekrutiert und je nach Kooperationsbereitschaft und Eignung wurden zwischen 48 und 97 Patienten in die unterschiedlichen Analysen eingeschlossen. Von jedem Probanden wurde ein schriftliches Einverständnis eingeholt und die Ethikkommission der Universität zu Köln hat das Studienkonzept überprüft und bestätigt. Nach Analyse der Daten mittels verschiedener statistischer Methoden ließen sich für die beobachteten Punkte mehrere interessante Ergebnisse finden. Zum einen ließ sich bestätigen, dass eine 3D Stereophotogrammmetrie ein gutes Verfahren ist, um topologische Messungen nicht nur an einer neutralen, sondern auch an einer abgelenkten Periokularregion, zu analysieren. Auch der Edelstahlaugenlidhaken zeigte sich als ein verlässlicheres Untersuchungswerkzeug, als das Einfache herunterziehen des Augenlids beim sogenannten Zugtest. Bei der medialen Lidbandspannung ließ sich herausfinden, dass in einem kontrollierten Setting die Messdistanzen von der Pupillenmitte ausgehen sollten, wobei bei dem herkömmlichen Untersuchen ohne Fotodokumentation immer der nasale korneosklerale Limbus als Referenzstruktur genutzt wird. Außerdem ließ sich zeigen, dass spiegelnde Oberflächen keine signifikanten Messunsicherheiten erzeugen, sodass Bereiche wie Sklera und Konjunktiva gut messbar sind. Auch spiegelnde Objekte wie der verwendete Augenlidhaken hatten keinen negativen Einfluss auf die Qualität der erhobenen Daten, was für die Zukunft verschiedenste neue Möglichkeiten der Untersuchung an der Periokularregion aufzeigt

Effective nitrogen fixation by legumes in cool season grass mixtures

... administered under Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Project 365, Macronutrient Management of Forage Crops--Page 2 of cover.Includes bibliographical references (page 29)

Rutin—Increased Antioxidant Activity and Skin Penetration by Nanocrystal Technology (smartCrystals)

Rutin is a well-known antioxidant from the group of flavonoids. Its use in cosmetic dermal products is, however, limited due to its poor water solubility. In order to increase rutin saturation solubility and improve the diffusion to the skin, rutin nanocrystals were produced by the smartCrystal process, e.g., bead milling followed by high pressure homogenization. Rutin nanocrystals were further incorporated into hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) gel and its long-term stability was assessed. Determination of the antioxidant activity was made by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay for these formulations: rutin nanocrystals (mean size 300 nm), rutin raw drug powder (mean size 33 μm) and commercial product. Furthermore, the skin penetration profile of rutin was investigated by the tape-stripping method on porcine skin. This study demonstrated that rutin nanocrystal gel had the highest neutralizing activity (90%), followed by a commercial product and rutin raw drug powder. According to the skin study, rutin nanocrystals penetrated to the deeper layers of the stratum corneum, the horny layer of the skin. View Full- Tex

Integrating the Genetic and Physical Maps of Arabidopsis thaliana: Identification of Mapped Alleles of Cloned Essential (EMB) Genes

The classical genetic map of Arabidopsis includes more than 130 genes with an embryo-defective (emb) mutant phenotype. Many of these essential genes remain to be cloned. Hundreds of additional EMB genes have been cloned and catalogued (www.seedgenes.org) but not mapped. To facilitate EMB gene identification and assess the current level of saturation, we updated the classical map, compared the physical and genetic locations of mapped loci, and performed allelism tests between mapped (but not cloned) and cloned (but not mapped) emb mutants with similar chromosome locations. Two hundred pairwise combinations of genes located on chromosomes 1 and 5 were tested and more than 1100 total crosses were screened. Sixteen of 51 mapped emb mutants examined were found to be disrupted in a known EMB gene. Alleles of a wide range of published EMB genes (YDA, GLA1, TIL1, AtASP38, AtDEK1, EMB506, DG1, OEP80) were discovered. Two EMS mutants isolated 30 years ago, T-DNA mutants with complex insertion sites, and a mutant with an atypical, embryo-specific phenotype were resolved. The frequency of allelism encountered was consistent with past estimates of 500 to 1000 EMB loci. New EMB genes identified among mapped T-DNA insertion mutants included CHC1, which is required for chromatin remodeling, and SHS1/AtBT1, which encodes a plastidial nucleotide transporter similar to the maize Brittle1 protein required for normal endosperm development. Two classical genetic markers (PY, ALB1) were identified based on similar map locations of known genes required for thiamine (THIC) and chlorophyll (PDE166) biosynthesis. The alignment of genetic and physical maps presented here should facilitate the continued analysis of essential genes in Arabidopsis and further characterization of a broad spectrum of mutant phenotypes in a model plant

Alternative splicing coupled mRNA decay shapes the temperature‐dependent transcriptome

Mammalian body temperature oscillates with the time of the dayand is altered in diverse pathological conditions. We recently iden-tified a body temperature-sensitive thermometer-like kinase,which alters SR protein phosphorylation and thereby globallycontrols alternative splicing (AS). AS can generate unproductivevariants which are recognized and degraded by diverse mRNAdecay pathways—including nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Herewe show extensive coupling of body temperature-controlled AS tomRNA decay, leading to global control of temperature-dependentgene expression (GE). Temperature-controlled, decay-inducingsplicing events are evolutionarily conserved and pervasively foundwithin RNA-binding proteins, including most SR proteins. AS-coupledpoison exon inclusion is essential for rhythmic GE of SR proteins andhas a global role in establishing temperature-dependent rhythmicGE profiles, both in mammals under circadian body temperaturecycles and in plants in response to ambient temperature changes.Together, these data identify body temperature-driven AS-coupledmRNA decay as an evolutionary ancient, core clock-independentmechanism to generate rhythmic GE

Ground state non-universality in the random field Ising model

Two attractive and often used ideas, namely universality and the concept of a zero temperature fixed point, are violated in the infinite-range random-field Ising model. In the ground state we show that the exponents can depend continuously on the disorder and so are non-universal. However, we also show that at finite temperature the thermal order parameter exponent one half is restored so that temperature is a relevant variable. The broader implications of these results are discussed.Comment: 4 pages 2 figures, corrected prefactors caused by a missing factor of two in Eq. 2., added a paragraph in conclusions for clarit