821 research outputs found
The role of black hole mass in quasar radio activity
We use a homogeneous sample of about 300, 0.3 <~ z <~ 3, radio-loud quasars
drawn from the FIRST and 2dF QSO surveys to investigate a possible dependence
of radio activity on black-hole mass. By analyzing composite spectra for the
populations of radio-quiet and radio-loud QSOs -- chosen to have the same
redshift and luminosity distribution -- we find with high statistical
significance that radio-loud quasars are on average associated with black holes
of masses ~10^{8.6} M_sun, about twice as large as those measured for
radio-quiet quasars (~10^{8.3} M_sun). We also find a clear dependence of black
hole mass on optical luminosity of the form log (M_BH/M_sun)_{RL}= 8.57(\pm
0.06) - 0.27(\pm 0.06) (M_B + 24.5) and log (M_BH/M_sun)_{RQ}= 8.43(\pm 0.05)
-0.32(\pm 0.06) (M_B + 24.5), respectively for the case of radio-loud and
radio-quiet quasars. It is intriguing to note that these two trends run roughly
parallel to each other, implying that radio-loud quasars are associated to
black holes more massive than those producing the radio-quiet case at all
sampled luminosities. On the other hand, in the case of radio-loud quasars, we
find evidence for only a weak (if any) dependence of the black hole mass on
radio power. The above findings seem to support the belief that there exists --
at a given optical luminosity -- a threshold black hole mass associated with
the onset of significant radio activity such as that of radio-loud QSOs;
however, once the activity is triggered, there appears to be very little
connection between black hole mass and level of radio output.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, minor changes to match the accepted versio
Downsizing of supermassive black holes from the SDSS quasar survey (II). Extension to z~4
Starting from the quasar sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) for
which the CIV line is observed, we use an analysis scheme to derive the
z-dependence of the maximum mass of active black holes, which overcomes the
problems related to the Malmquist bias. The same procedure is applied to the
low redshift sample of SDSS quasars for which Hbeta measurements are available.
Combining with the results from the previously studied MgII sample, we find
that the maximum mass of the quasar population increases as (1+z)^(1.64+/-0.04)
in the redshift range 0.1<z<4, which includes the epoch of maximum quasar
activity.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures. To appear in MNRA
The environments of z~1 Active Galactic Nuclei at 3.6um
We present an analysis of a large sample of AGN environments at z~1 using
stacked Spitzer data at 3.6um. The sample contains type-1 and type-2 AGN in the
form of quasars and radio galaxies, and spans a large range in both optical and
radio luminosity. We find, on average, that 2 to 3 massive galaxies containing
a substantial evolved stellar population lie within a 200-300 kpc radius of the
AGN, constituting a >8-sigma excess relative to the field. Secondly, we find
evidence for the environmental source density to increase with the radio
luminosity of AGN, but not with black-hole mass. This is shown first by
dividing the AGN into their classical AGN types, where we see more significant
over-densities in the fields of the radio-loud AGN. If instead we dispense with
the classical AGN definitions, we find that the source over-density as a
function of radio luminosity for all our AGN exhibits a positive correlation.
One interpretation of this result is that the Mpc-scale environment is in some
way influencing the radio emission that we observe from AGN. This could be
explained by the confinement of radio jets in dense environments leading to
enhanced radio emission or, alternatively, may be linked to more rapid
black-hole spin brought on by galaxy mergers.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, accepted by MNRA
A systematic search for very massive galaxies at z > 4
Motivated by the claimed discovery of a very massive galaxy (HUDF-JD2;
M~5x10^11 Msun) at extreme redshift (z = 6.5) within the Hubble Ultra Deep
Field (HUDF) (Mobasher et al. 2005), we have completed a systematic search for
comparably massive galaxies with z > 4 among the 2688 galaxies in our K < 23.5
(AB) catalogue within the CDFS/GOODS-South field. This search was conducted
using redshift estimates based on the recently-completed, uniquely-deep 11-band
imaging in this 125 square arcmin field, ~25 times larger than the NICMOS HUDF.
Initial spectral fitting, based on published catalogue SExtractor photometry,
led us to conclude that at least 2669 of the galaxies in our sample lie at z <
4. We carried out a detailed investigation of the 19 remaining z > 4
candidates, performing aperture photometry on all images, and including
marginal detections and formal non-detections in the fitting process. This led
to the rejection of a further 13 galaxies to lower redshift. Moreover,
subjecting HUDF-JD2 to the same analysis, we find that it lies at z ~ 2.2,
rather than the extreme redshift favoured by Mobasher et al. (2005). The 6
remaining candidates appear to be credible examples of galaxies in the redshift
range z = 4 - 6, with plausible stellar ages. However, refitting with allowance
for extreme values of extinction we find that, even for these objects,
statistically acceptable solutions can be found at z < 3. Moreover, the
recently-released Spitzer MIPS imaging in GOODS-South has revealed that 5 of
our 6 final z > 4 candidates are detected at 24 microns. We conclude that there
is no convincing evidence for any galaxy with M > 3 x 10^11 Msun, and z > 4
within the GOODS-South field (abridged).Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, submitted to MNRA
A robust sample of galaxies at redshifts 6.0<z<8.7: stellar populations, star-formation rates and stellar masses
We present the results of a photometric redshift analysis designed to
identify z>6 galaxies from the near-IR HST imaging in three deep fields (HUDF,
HUDF09-2 & ERS). By adopting a rigorous set of criteria for rejecting low-z
interlopers, and by employing a deconfusion technique to allow the available
IRAC imaging to be included in the candidate selection process, we have derived
a robust sample of 70 Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) spanning the redshift range
6.0<z<8.7. Based on our final sample we investigate the distribution of UV
spectral slopes (beta), finding a variance-weighted mean value of =-2.05
+/- 0.09 which, contrary to some previous results, is not significantly bluer
than displayed by lower-redshift starburst galaxies. We confirm the correlation
between UV luminosity and stellar mass reported elsewhere, but based on fitting
galaxy templates featuring a range of star-formation histories, metallicities
and reddening we find that, at z>=6, the range in mass-to-light ratio (M*/L_UV)
at a given UV luminosity could span a factor of ~50. Focusing on a sub-sample
of twenty-one candidates with IRAC detections at 3.6-microns we find that L*
LBGs at z~6.5 have a median stellar mass of M* = (2.1 +/- 1.1) x 10^9 Msun and
a median specific star-formation rate of 1.9 +/- 0.8 Gyr^-1. Using the same
sub-sample we have investigated the influence of nebular continuum and line
emission, finding that for the majority of candidates (16 out of 21) the
best-fitting stellar-mass estimates are reduced by less than a factor of 2.5.
Finally, a detailed comparison of our final sample with the results of previous
studies suggests that, at faint magnitudes, several high-redshift galaxy
samples in the literature are significantly contaminated by low-redshift
interlopers (abridged).Comment: 35 pages, 22 figures, replaced to match version accepted by MNRAS,
minor changes onl
- …