75 research outputs found

    Que associações automáticas prevalecem? Efeitos de priming de congruência e inverso em estereotipia de género implícita

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    Objectives. This study aimed to test whether gender stereotypes remain automatically activated following cues related to gender, despite years of promoting equality, and how it could correspond with explicit measures. Method. Seventy undergraduates performed a sequential priming task, in which the gender categories were presented subliminally. Culturally specifi c gender stereotypes were used as targets. In addition, other signifi cant variables related to gender (self-assignment of stereotypes, identity and ideology) were assessed explicitly. Results. At fi rst, the results showed a non-priming effect, indicating no implicit gender stereotyping. However, a more detailed observation of the data revealed that participants could be differentiated according to the effects that appeared: the congruency and the reverse priming effects. Conclusion. While gender stereotypes were automatically activated in Group 1 (positive socres), implicit stereotype inhibition seemed to take place in Group 2 (negative scores). Egalitarian goal activation is assumed to explain the reverse effect. The activation of different contents from the same primes emphatically suggests that more effort is needed to develop strong egalitarian commitments. Results also support the potential dynamic of gender stereotypes, even at an implicit level.Objetivos. Evaluar si los estereotipos de género continúan activándose automáticamente tras presentar claves relacionadas con el género, y cómo esta activación se correspondería con medidas explícitas. Método. Setenta estudiantes universitarios realizaron una tarea de priming secuencial en la que se presentaron subliminalmente los primes mujer y hombre (categorías de género). Los targets fueron estereotipos de género culturalmente signifi cativos. Además, otras variables relacionadas con el género (autoasignación de estereotipos, identidad e ideología) se evaluaron explícitamente. Resultados. En un principio, los resultados no mostraron ningún efecto de priming, señalando la ausencia de estereotipia de género implícita. Sin embargo, una inspección más detallada de los datos reveló que los participantes podían diferenciarse según los diferentes efectos que habían aparecido: congruencia e inverso. Conclusión. Mientras que en el Grupo 1 (puntajes positivos) los estereotipos de género se activaron automáticamente, en el Grupo 2 (puntajes negativos) se produjo una inhibición implícita de estereotipos. La activación de una meta igualitaria podría explicar el efecto inverso. La activación de contenidos diferentes derivada de los mismos primes enfatiza la necesidad de realizar más esfuerzos para desarrollar compromisos igualitarios fi rmes. Los resultados también apoyan la potencial dinámica de los estereotipos de género, incluso a nivel implícito.Escopo. Avaliar se os estereótipos de género continuam se ativando automaticamente depois de presentar claves relacionadas com o género, e como esta ativação pode se corresponder com medidas explícitas. Metodologia. Setenta estudantes realizaram uma tarefa de priming sequencial na que se apresentaram subliminarmente os primes mulher e homem (categorias de género). Os objetivos foram estereótipos de gênero culturalmente signifi cativos. Além, outras variáveis relacionadas com o género (auto-alocação de estereótipos, identidade e ideologia) foram avaliadas explicitamente. Resultados. Num principio, os resultados não mostraram efeito nenhum de priming, assinalando a ausência de estereotipia de gênero implícita. No entanto, uma inspeção mais detalhada dos dados revelou que os participantes podiam ser diferenciados segundo os efeitos diferentes que tinham aparecido: congruência e inverso. Conclusão. Enquanto que no grupo 1 (contagens positivas) os estereótipos de gênero foram ativados automaticamente, no Grupo 2 (contagens negativas) foi produzida uma inibição implícita de estereótipos. A ativação de uma meta igualitária pode explicar o efeito inverso. A ativação de conteúdos diferentes derivada dos mesmos primes enfatiza a necessidade de fazer mais esforços para desenvolver compromissos igualitários fi rmes. Os resultados também apoiam a potencial dinâmica dos estereótipos de gênero, mesmo no nível implícito

    Lost in translation: dietary management of cardiovascular risk factors is seldom implemented.

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    OBJECTIVE: To assess dietary management of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in the general population. METHOD: Cross-sectional study conducted between 2009 and 2012 on 4811 participants (2567 women, 58±11years) living in Lausanne, Switzerland. RESULTS: Sixteen percent of participants diagnosed with overweight/obesity reported a slimming diet. Slimming diet was associated with diagnosis of hypertension: Odds ratio and (95% confidence interval): 0.61 (0.40-0.93); older age [0.84 (0.58-1.21), 0.79 (0.53-1.18) and 0.47 (0.27-0.81) for [50-60[, [60-70[ and [70+ years, respectively]; female gender [1.84 (1.36-2.48)] and diagnosis of diabetes [2.16 (1.13-4.12)]. Only 8% of participants diagnosed with hypertension reported a low-salt diet. Low-salt diet was associated with antihypertensive drug treatment [2.17 (1.28-3.68)] and diagnosis of diabetes [2.72 (1.26-5.86)]. One-third of participants diagnosed with dyslipidemia reported a low-fat diet. Low-fat diet was associated with female gender [1.47 (1.17-1.86)]; older age [1.29 (0.89-1.87), 1.71 (1.18-2.48) and 2.01 (1.33-3.03) for [50-60[, [60-70[ and [70+ years, respectively]; hypolipidemic drug treatment [OR=1.68 (1.29-2.18)]; current smoking [0.70 (0.51-0.96)] and obesity [0.67 (0.45-1.00)]. Approximately half of participants diagnosed with diabetes reported an antidiabetic diet. Antidiabetic diet was associated with current smoking [0.44 (0.22-0.88)] and antidiabetic drug treatment [OR=3.26 (1.81-5.86)]. CONCLUSION: Dietary management of CVRFs is seldom implemented in Switzerland

    A longitudinal study on perceived health in cardiovascular patients. The role of conscientiousness, subjective wellbeing and cardiac self-efficacy

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    Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the world’s most prevalent chronic disease and the leading chronic cause of morbidity. There are several psychosocial factors associated with quality of life during CVD. Our main objectives were to analyze the roles of conscientiousness, subjective wellbeing and self-efficacy beliefs. The sample comprised 514 patients (mean age 63.57 years) who were assessed twice over a nine-month interval. At Time 1, participants answered a questionnaire assessing conscientiousness, perceived subjective wellbeing (positive and negative affect, life satisfaction), cardiac self-efficacy and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The same variables (except for conscientiousness) were re-assessed at Time 2. Results showed that conscientiousness had a positive relation with subjective wellbeing, cardiac self-efficacy, and HRQoL at Time 1. Moreover, cardiac self-efficacy at Time 1 had a positive longitudinal effect on HRQoL at Time 2, while controlling for autoregressive effects. Mediation analyses indicated that the relationship between conscientiousness and HRQoL was mediated by positive affect and cardiac self-efficacy. These results suggest the usefulness of psychosocial interventions aimed at promoting positive affect and self-efficacy beliefs among CVD patients

    Determination of median in tabular and graphic context

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    Neste estudo, cujo objetivo é averiguar a influência do contexto dos dados na determinação da mediana, estudam-se as resoluções de 332 alunos portugueses do 8.º ano, a duas questões, uma com os dados organizados numa tabela de frequências e outra num gráfico de barras. Seguindo uma metodologia mista, quantitativa e qualitativa, realiza-se uma análise de frequências de quatro categorias ordinais de respostas (corretas, parcialmente corretas, incorretas e não respostas) e uma análise semiótica das resoluções aplicando o Enfoque Ontossemiótico do conhecimento e ensino da Matemática na identificação de objetos e processos matemáticos que intervêm nas resoluções. Em geral, os alunos revelaram maior propensão para não responderem à determinação da mediana em contexto gráfico, mas os que responderam tendem a determinar a mediana com menor dificuldade. Os conflitos semióticos identificados aparentam não estar dependentes da forma de apresentação dos dados, embora ocorra maior número de respostas não corretas no contexto tabelar do que no contexto gráficopublishe

    Ampliación del área de distribución de la rana Hyalinobatrachium Fleischmanni (Anura: Centrolenidae) en el estado de Puebla y del límite septentrional de su distribución

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    In México, Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni is distributed in the states of Guerrero, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Puebla. We provide records from the Sierra Norte of Puebla, which also represent a range extension of 172 km from the only locality known in that state and representing the species´ northernmost distributional record.

    Congreso del alumnado como herramienta para el desarrollo de habilidades competenciales en los Grados de Educación Infantil y Primaria

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    De acuerdo con la literatura, uno de los objetivos fundamentales del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior es que el alumnado debe desarrollar una serie de competencias, siendo agentes activos de su propio conocimiento, primando el aprendizaje por descubrimiento guiado por el profesor. Siguiendo esta línea, desarrollamos un proyecto de innovación docente con el objetivo de fomentar en los estudiantes una actitud activa y autónoma hacia la adquisición de su propio conocimiento. Para ello, los estudiantes siguieron una metodología de aprendizaje basado en la investigación, potenciando una actitud crítica sustentada en criterios científicos. Así surgió el « I Congreso de Psicología y Educación: el Congreso de los Estudiantes » llevado a cabo en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Córdoba. Un Congreso Científico donde los alumnos que cursaban distintas asignaturas de Psicología en los grados de Educación Infantil y Primaria fueron los protagonistas de las presentaciones orales, así como de los pósteres científicos, sobre temáticas cuyo eje fundamental fue la Psicología en el ámbito educativo. Un año más tarde se celebró su segunda edición continuando en la misma línea de actuación. En ésta se consiguió perseverar en los objetivos y perfeccionar la forma de llevar a cabo la experiencia adaptándola a nuevas temáticas y ampliando la participación.According to the literature, one of the main aims of the European Higher Education Area is that students must develop basic competences, being active agents of their own knowledge, emphasizing discovery learning and the role of the professor as a guide. Following this line, we have developed a project of educational innovation which main aim was fostering autonomy and active learning in students. With this purpose, the students followed a learning methodology based on research and promoting a critical attitude rooted in scientific approach. Thus, the «I Congress of Psychology and Education: the Congress of Students» emerged at the Faculty of Education of the University of Cordoba. A Scientific Congress where the students, who were studying different Psychology subjects in the Bachelor of Early Childhood Education or Bachelor of Primary Education, were the agents of the oral presentations, as well as the scientific posters. The main topic was Educational psychology. In the same line, one year later, it was celebrated the second edition of the Congress. In this edition, we expanded the participation and topics and the methodology was improved
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