Disrupted White Matter Microstructure of the Cerebellar Peduncles in Scholastic Athletes After Concussion.

Concussion, or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a major public health concern, linked with persistent post-concussive syndrome, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. At present, standard clinical imaging fails to reliably detect traumatic axonal injury associated with concussion and post-concussive symptoms. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an MR imaging technique that is sensitive to changes in white matter microstructure. Prior studies using DTI did not jointly investigate white matter microstructure in athletes, a population at high risk for concussive and subconcussive head traumas, with those in typical emergency room (ER) patients. In this study, we determine DTI scalar metrics in both ER patients and scholastic athletes who suffered concussions and compared them to those in age-matched healthy controls. In the early subacute post-concussion period, athletes demonstrated an elevated rate of regional decreases in axial diffusivity (AD) compared to controls. These regional decreases of AD were especially pronounced in the cerebellar peduncles, and were more frequent in athletes compared to the ER patient sample. The group differences may indicate differences in the mechanisms of the concussive impacts as well as possible compound effects of cumulative subconcussive impacts in athletes. The prevalence of white matter abnormality in cerebellar tracts lends credence to the hypothesis that post-concussive symptoms are caused by shearing of axons within an attention network mediated by the cerebellum, and warrant further study of the correlation between cerebellar DTI findings and clinical, neurocognitive, oculomotor, and vestibular outcomes in mTBI patients

Determinan Persepsi Etika Mahasiswa Akuntansi Dengan Love Of Money Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Kasus Di Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta)

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of variables of gender and age toward variable of love of money and ethical perception. Besides that, this study is aimed to analyze the correlation between the class of love of money and ethical perception in accounting students. This study used survey as a method where the primary data obtainable from questionnaire. The population of this study is accounting students of Bachelor degree and Master of Accounting students in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta that was done the course Etika Profesi and Bisnis Syariah. Total of sample is about 88 respondents. This study also used path analysis (analisis jalur) to analyze the hypothesis. The result of this study shown that (1) Gender is not influence to the love of money of accounting students, (2) Age isn’t influence to the love of money of accounting students, (3) Love of money influence to the ethical perception of accounting students, (4) Gender isn’t influence to the ethical perception of accounting students through love of money, (5) Age isn’t influence to the ethical perception of accounting students through love of money

Twin Families of Bisolitons in Dispersion Managed Systems

We calculate bisoliton solutions using a slowly varying stroboscopic equation. The system is characterized in terms of a single dimensionless parameter. We find two branches of solutions and describe the structure of the tails for the lower branch solutions.Comment: 3 pages 4 figure

ANALISIS BREAK EVEN POINT DAN MARGIN OF SAFETY SEBAGAI ALAT PERENCANAAN LABA PADA UD. BUDI JAYA MAKMUR LAMONGAN

ABSTRAK It requires the proper management ability to see opportunities in the future. Hence, it is essential to take into account all the factors associated with cost, volume, and selling price. The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of the break-even point and the margin of safety in planning profits at UD. Budi Jaya Makmur. If the break-even point value and the value of the margin of safety are high, then the company is in good condition, or it will be easier to relate to its efforts to generate profits. However, when break-even point values and the value of the margin of safety in lousy, these values will apply otherwise.This research used quantitative methods that the data analysis performed by measuring the pattern of cost and sales volume development using time series analysis; break-even points analysis and margin of safety. The data supported by company data collected such as cost and sales data which had previously classified as cost and contribution distribution.The analysis shows that the break-even point value for 2020 is Rp.168,410,338 and for 2021 it’s Rp.172,961,248. The margin of safety for 2020 is 52.75%, and for 2021 it’s 53.23%, this means that if the actual sales of Kerupuk Terasi from UD. Budi Jaya Makmur are less than 52.75% in 2020 and 53.23% in 2021 from planned sales, the company will suffer losses. The profit margin is set at 20% so the company must reach sales of Rp.356,412,200 in 2020 and Rp.369,825,380 in 2021. Keyword : Forecasting, Break Even Analysis, Margin of Safety

Passivity-Based Lag-Compensators with Input Saturation for Mechanical Port-Hamiltonian Systems Without Velocity Measurements

In this work, we propose a passivity-based control technique, where the resulting controllers can be interpreted as lag-compensators for nonlinear mechanical systems described in the port-Hamiltonian framework. The proposed methodology considers a dynamic controller such that the relationship between the control input and the error signal of interest can be expressed in terms of a transfer function. Accordingly, the control gains can be tuned through a frequency analysis approach. Additionally, two practical advantages of the resulting controllers are that they do not require velocity measurements, and they can cope with input saturation. We illustrate the applicability of the proposed methodology through the stabilization of a planar manipulator, where the experimental results corroborate the effectiveness of the technique

Statistical mechanics of spatial evolutionary games

We discuss the long-run behavior of stochastic dynamics of many interacting players in spatial evolutionary games. In particular, we investigate the effect of the number of players and the noise level on the stochastic stability of Nash equilibria. We discuss similarities and differences between systems of interacting players maximizing their individual payoffs and particles minimizing their interaction energy. We use concepts and techniques of statistical mechanics to study game-theoretic models. In order to obtain results in the case of the so-called potential games, we analyze the thermodynamic limit of the appropriate models of interacting particles.Comment: 19 pages, to appear in J. Phys.

Efeito da deficiência de energia na dieta sobre a população de protozoários ciliados do rúmen de bovinos

Ten young rumen-cannulated crossbred steers were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (C; n=4), which was fed a balanced diet for daily weight gain of 900g; and a pronounced energy-deprived group (PED; n=6), receiving 30% less of the required energy for maintenance. After 140 days of these alimentary regimes, rumen fluid and urine samples were collected for biochemical and functional tests, before feeding and at 1, 3, 6, and 9 hours after feeding. The energy-deprivation diet caused a significant reduction in the number of Entodinium, Eodinium, Isotricha, Dasytricha, Eremoplastron, Eudiplodinium, Metadinium, Charonina, Ostracodinium, and Epidinium protozoa. There was no effect of the time of sampling in both groups on the total number of ciliates in rumen fluid. A higher number of protozoan forms in binary division were recorded in the control group, at the 6th and 9th hours after feeding (P<0.019). There was a high positive correlation between the total count of protozoans in rumen fluid and glucose fermentation, ammonia, and urinary allantoin excretion index; and a negative correlation between the total count of protozoa and metilene blue reduction, and a medium correlation between the total count of protozoa and total volatile fatty acids concentration. The determination of the protozoa populations does not imply in the use of complex and hard-to-execute techniques, although it is time consuming and needs practice. This exam particularly helps in clinical expected diagnosis.Foram utilizados 10 novilhos mestiços com cânula ruminal, distribuídos em dois grupos: no grupo controle (C; n=4) receberam dieta balanceada para ganho diário de 900g; no grupo tratado com carência pronunciada de energia (CP; n=6), receberam dieta com 30% a menos do nível de mantença em energia. Após 140 dias sob esses regimes de alimentação, foram coletadas amostras do fluido ruminal e urina, para realização de provas bioquímicas e funcionais, antes e às 1, 3, 6 e 9 horas após o fornecimento do alimento. A carência energética resultou em diminuição significativa na quantidade dos protozoários Entodinium, Eodinium, Isotricha, Dasytricha, Eremoplastron, Eudiplodinium, Metadinium, Charonina, Ostracodinium e Epidinium. Não houve efeito da hora de coleta sobre o total de ciliados nos grupos C e CP. Maior número de formas em divisão binária foi registrado no grupo C, na sexta e nona horas pós-alimentação (P<0,019). Observaram-se altas correlações positivas entre a contagem total de protozoários e a fermentação de glicose, amônia e o índice de excreção urinária de alantoína e negativa entre a contagem total de protozoários e a redução do azul de metileno, e correlação média entre a contagem total de protozoários e os ácidos graxos voláteis totais. A determinação da população de protozoários do rúmen é um método simples de avaliação, além de que particularmente auxilia o diagnóstico clínico da função ruminal

Disrupted White Matter Microstructure of the Cerebellar Peduncles in Scholastic Athletes After Concussion

Concussion, or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a major public health concern, linked with persistent post-concussive syndrome, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. At present, standard clinical imaging fails to reliably detect traumatic axonal injury associated with concussion and post-concussive symptoms. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an MR imaging technique that is sensitive to changes in white matter microstructure. Prior studies using DTI did not jointly investigate white matter microstructure in athletes, a population at high risk for concussive and subconcussive head traumas, with those in typical emergency room (ER) patients. In this study, we determine DTI scalar metrics in both ER patients and scholastic athletes who suffered concussions and compared them to those in age-matched healthy controls. In the early subacute post-concussion period, athletes demonstrated an elevated rate of regional decreases in axial diffusivity (AD) compared to controls. These regional decreases of AD were especially pronounced in the cerebellar peduncles, and were more frequent in athletes compared to the ER patient sample. The group differences may indicate differences in the mechanisms of the concussive impacts as well as possible compound effects of cumulative subconcussive impacts in athletes. The prevalence of white matter abnormality in cerebellar tracts lends credence to the hypothesis that post-concussive symptoms are caused by shearing of axons within an attention network mediated by the cerebellum, and warrant further study of the correlation between cerebellar DTI findings and clinical, neurocognitive, oculomotor, and vestibular outcomes in mTBI patients

New type of microengine using internal combustion of hydrogen and oxygen

Microsystems become part of everyday life but their application is restricted by lack of strong and fast motors (actuators) converting energy into motion. For example, widespread internal combustion engines cannot be scaled down because combustion reactions are quenched in a small space. Here we present an actuator with the dimensions 100x100x5 um^3 that is using internal combustion of hydrogen and oxygen as part of its working cycle. Water electrolysis driven by short voltage pulses creates an extra pressure of 0.5-4 bar for a time of 100-400 us in a chamber closed by a flexible membrane. When the pulses are switched off this pressure is released even faster allowing production of mechanical work in short cycles. We provide arguments that this unexpectedly fast pressure decrease is due to spontaneous combustion of the gases in the chamber. This actuator is the first step to truly microscopic combustion engines.Comment: Paper and Supplementary Information (to appear in Scientific Reports