3,126 research outputs found
Non-Unitary and Unitary Transitions in Generalized Quantum Mechanics, New Small Parameter and Information Problem Solving
Quantum Mechanics of the Early Universe is considered as deformation of a
well-known Quantum Mechanics. Similar to previous works of the author, the
principal approach is based on deformation of the density matrix with
concurrent development of the wave function deformation in the respective
Schr{\"o}dinger picture, the associated deformation parameter being interpreted
as a new small parameter. It is demonstrated that the existence of black holes
in the suggested approach in the end twice causes nonunitary transitions
resulting in the unitarity. In parallel this problem is considered in other
terms: entropy density, Heisenberg algebra deformation terms, respective
deformations of Statistical Mechanics, - all showing the identity of the basic
results. From this an explicit solution for Hawking's informaion paradox has
been derived.Comment: 18 page
The Universe as a Nonuniform Lattice in the Finite-Dimensional Hypercube II.Simple Cases of Symmetry Breakdown and Restoration
This paper continues a study of field theories specified for the nonuniform
lattice in the finite-dimensional hypercube with the use of the earlier
described deformation parameters. The paper is devoted to spontaneous breakdown
and restoration of symmetry in simple quantum-field theories with scalar
fields. It is demonstrated that an appropriate deformation opens up new
possibilities for symmetry breakdown and restoration. To illustrate, at low
energies it offers high-accuracy reproducibility of the same results as with a
nondeformed theory. In case of transition from low to higher energies and vice
versa it gives description for new types of symmetry breakdown and restoration
depending on the rate of the deformation parameter variation in time, and
indicates the critical points of the previously described lattice associated
with a symmetry restoration. Besides, such a deformation enables one to find
important constraints on the initial model parameters having an explicit
physical meaning.Comment: 9 pages,Revte
Pure States, Mixed States and Hawking Problem in Generalized Quantum Mechanics
This paper is the continuation of a study into the information paradox
problem started by the author in his earlier works. As previously, the key
instrument is a deformed density matrix in quantum mechanics of the early
universe. It is assumed that the latter represents quantum mechanics with
fundamental length. It is demonstrated that the obtained results agree well
with the canonical viewpoint that in the processes involving black holes pure
states go to the mixed ones in the assumption that all measurements are
performed by the observer in a well-known quantum mechanics. Also it is shown
that high entropy for Planck remnants of black holes appearing in the
assumption of the Generalized Uncertainty Relations may be explained within the
scope of the density matrix entropy introduced by the author previously. It is
noted that the suggested paradigm is consistent with the Holographic Principle.
Because of this, a conjecture is made about the possibility for obtaining the
Generalized Uncertainty Relations from the covariant entropy bound at high
energies in the same way as R. Bousso has derived Heisenberg uncertainty
principle for the flat space.Comment: 12 pages,no figures,some corrections,new reference
Deformed Density Matrix and Generalized Uncertainty Relation in Thermodynamics
A generalization of the thermodynamic uncertainty relations is proposed. It
is done by introducing of an additional term proportional to the interior
energy into the standard thermodynamic uncertainty relation that leads to
existence of the lower limit of inverse temperature. The authors are of the
opinion that the approach proposed may lead to proof of these relations. To
this end, the statistical mechanics deformation at Planck scale. The
statistical mechanics deformation is constructed by analogy to the earlier
quantum mechanical results. As previously, the primary object is a density
matrix, but now the statistical one. The obtained deformed object is referred
to as a statistical density pro-matrix. This object is explicitly described,
and it is demonstrated that there is a complete analogy in the construction and
properties of quantum mechanics and statistical density matrices at Plank scale
(i.e. density pro-matrices). It is shown that an ordinary statistical density
matrix occurs in the low-temperature limit at temperatures much lower than the
Plank's. The associated deformation of a canonical Gibbs distribution is given
explicitly.Comment: 15 pages,no figure
Evidence for a diffusion-controlled mechanism for fluorescence blinking of colloidal quantum dots
Fluorescence blinking in nanocrystal quantum dots is known to exhibit power-law dynamics, and several different mechanisms have been proposed to explain this behavior. We have extended the measurement of quantum-dot blinking by characterizing fluctuations in the fluorescence of single dots over time scales from microseconds to seconds. The power spectral density of these fluctuations indicates a change in the power-law statistics that occurs at a time scale of several milliseconds, providing an important constraint on possible mechanisms for the blinking. In particular, the observations are consistent with the predictions of models wherein blinking is controlled by diffusion of the energies of electron or hole trap states
Distribution of Time-Averaged Observables for Weak Ergodicity Breaking
We find a general formula for the distribution of time-averaged observables
for systems modeled according to the sub-diffusive continuous time random walk.
For Gaussian random walks coupled to a thermal bath we recover ergodicity and
Boltzmann's statistics, while for the anomalous subdiffusive case a weakly
non-ergodic statistical mechanical framework is constructed, which is based on
L\'evy's generalized central limit theorem. As an example we calculate the
distribution of : the time average of the position of the particle,
for unbiased and uniformly biased particles, and show that exhibits
large fluctuations compared with the ensemble average .Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Non-ergodic Intensity Correlation Functions for Blinking Nano Crystals
We investigate the non-ergodic properties of blinking nano-crystals using a
stochastic approach. We calculate the distribution functions of the time
averaged intensity correlation function and show that these distributions are
not delta peaked on the ensemble average correlation function values; instead
they are W or U shaped. Beyond blinking nano-crystals our results describe
non-ergodicity in systems stochastically modeled using the Levy walk framework
for anomalous diffusion, for example certain types of chaotic dynamics,
currents in ion-channel, and single spin dynamics to name a few.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Improved plasmids for gene targeting at the his-3 locus of Neurospora crassa by electroporation: Correction
Two mistakes in our article on gene replacement by gene targeting at the his-3 locus (Margolin, B.S. et al., 1997, FGN 44:34-36) have come to our attention
Action-Packed Action Research: How Comic Books, Questions, and Reflection Can Transform Information Literacy Instruction
How many questions can you generate when looking at a single comic panel? Which are researchable, and why? These are questions that we’ve asked our students and our library colleagues. We invite you to ask these questions and more, and consider the broader significance of question-asking and reflective teaching to information literacy and ask if there is a place for comics -- or image-laden materials -- in your classroom
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