3,462 research outputs found
AUTISM SCREENING KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delays in social communication and interaction as well as restricted repetitive behaviors, interest, and activities. According to the most recent reports from the CDC (2018), it is estimated that 1 in 68 children are diagnosed with some form of ASD in the United States. Research has shown that early identification and intervention can significantly improve outcomes in those individuals diagnosed. As a result of this research, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has recommended routine screening on all children for ASD at the age of 18 months and again at 24 months using a standardized autism-specific tool.
This descriptive research design examined the autism screening and referral practices of providers in the southeast Kansas counties of Montgomery, Allen, Labette, Cherokee and Crawford using a paper survey. Results of the study show that providers in Southeast Kansas are aware of the AAP guidelines regarding screening and feel that screening every childhood for autism is important. However, these providers are not screening children for autism using an autism specific screening tool nor do they feel confident in screening for autism. Providers in this area had a strong desire to learn more about autism screening guidelines and specific autism screening tools
Ion-lithium collision dynamics studied with an in-ring MOTReMi
We present a novel experimental tool allowing for kinematically complete
studies of break-up processes of laser-cooled atoms. This apparatus, the
'MOTReMi', is a combination of a magneto-optical trap (MOT) and a Reaction
Microscope (ReMi). Operated in an ion-storage ring, the new setup enables to
study the dynamics in swift ion-atom collisions on an unprecedented level of
precision and detail. In first experiments on collisions with 1.5 MeV/amu
O-Li the pure ionization of the valence electron as well as
ionization-excitation of the lithium target has been investigated
Individualized assessment of residual cognition in patients with disorders of consciousness
Patients diagnosed with disorders of consciousness show minimal or inconsistent behavioural evidence of conscious awareness. However, using functional neuroimaging, recent research in clinical neuroscience has identified a subpopulation of these patients who reliably produce neural markers indicative of awareness. In this study, we recorded electroencephalograms during a response-free movie task to assess narrative processing in patients with disorders of consciousness. Thirteen patients diagnosed with a disorder of consciousness and 28 healthy controls participated in this study. We designed a movie-watching/listening paradigm involving two suspenseful movie clips, one audiovisual and one audio-only, and used electroencephalography to extract patterns of brain activity that were maximally correlated between subjects. These activity patterns served as electrophysiological indices of narrative processing, which were compared to the neural responses of patients during the same movies. Our analysis revealed two patterns of neural activity, one for each movie condition, that were significantly and reliably correlated between healthy participants. Of the twelve patients who watched the audiovisual movie, 25% produced a pattern of activity that was significantly correlated with the healthy group, while of the ten who listened to the audio narrative, 30% produced electrophysiological patterns similar to controls (one patient responded appropriately to both). The method presented here allows for rapid bedside assessment of higher-order cognitive processing in patients with disorders of consciousness. By leveraging the common neural response to movie stimuli, we were able to identify comparable patterns of brain activity in individual, behaviourally non-responsive patients, reflecting a capacity for narrative processing
Experimental observations of topologically guided water waves within non-hexagonal structures
We investigate symmetry-protected topological water waves within a strategically engineered square lattice system. Thus far, symmetry-protected topological modes in hexagonal systems have primarily been studied in electromagnetism and acoustics, i.e. dispersionless media. Herein, we show experimentally how crucial geometrical properties of square structures allow for topological transport that is ordinarily forbidden within conventional hexagonal structures. We perform numerical simulations that take into account the inherent dispersion within water waves and devise a topological insulator that supports symmetry-protected transport along the domain walls. Our measurements, viewed with a high-speed camera under stroboscopic illumination, unambiguously demonstrate the valley-locked transport of water waves within a non-hexagonal structure. Due to the tunability of the energy's directionality by geometry, our results could be used for developing highly-efficient energy harvesters, filters and beam-splitters within dispersive media
Real-time dynamics of the formation of hydrated electrons upon irradiation of water clusters with extreme ultraviolet light
Free electrons in a polar liquid can form a bound state via interaction with the molecular environment. This so-called hydrated electron state in water is of fundamental importance e.g.~in cellular biology or radiation chemistry. Hydrated electrons are highly reactive radicals that can either directly interact with DNA or enzymes, or form highly excited hydrogen (H∗) after being captured by protons. Here, we investigate the formation of the hydrated electron in real-time employing XUV femtosecond pulses from a free electron laser, in this way observing the initial steps of the hydration process. Using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy we find formation timescales in the low picosecond range and resolve the prominent dynamics of forming excited hydrogen states
Reconsidering the interpretation of quantum oscillation experiments on underdoped YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+x)
On the basis of negative transport coefficients, it has been argued that the
quantum oscillations observed in underdoped YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+x) in high magnetic
fields must be due to antinodal electron pockets. We point out a counter
example in which electron-like transport in a hole-doped cuprate is associated
with Fermi-arc states. We also present evidence that the antinodal gap in
YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+x) is robust to modest applied magnetic fields. We suggest that
these observations should be taken into account when interpreting the results
of the quantum oscillation experiments.Comment: 3+eps pages, 2 figures; final version, accepted in PRB, has new
title, completely rewritten and simplified tex
Collective Autoionization in Multiply-Excited Systems: A novel ionization process observed in Helium Nanodroplets
Free electron lasers (FELs) offer the unprecedented capability to study
reaction dynamics and image the structure of complex systems. When multiple
photons are absorbed in complex systems, a plasma-like state is formed where
many atoms are ionized on a femtosecond timescale. If multiphoton absorption is
resonantly-enhanced, the system becomes electronically-excited prior to plasma
formation, with subsequent decay paths which have been scarcely investigated to
date. Here, we show using helium nanodroplets as an example that these systems
can decay by a new type of process, named collective autoionization. In
addition, we show that this process is surprisingly efficient, leading to ion
abundances much greater than that of direct single-photon ionization. This
novel collective ionization process is expected to be important in many other
complex systems, e.g. macromolecules and nanoparticles, exposed to high
intensity radiation fields
Highly efficient double ionization of mixed alkali dimers by intermolecular Coulombic decay
As opposed to purely molecular systems where electron dynamics proceed only
through intramolecular processes, weakly bound complexes such as He droplets
offer an environment where local excitations can interact with neighbouring
embedded molecules leading to new intermolecular relaxation mechanisms. Here,
we report on a new decay mechanism leading to the double ionization of alkali
dimers attached to He droplets by intermolecular energy transfer. From the
electron spectra, the process is similar to the well-known shake-off mechanism
observed in double Auger decay and single-photon double ionization, however, in
this case, the process is dominant, occurring with efficiencies equal to, or
greater than, single ionization by energy transfer. Although an alkali dimer
attached to a He droplet is a model case, the decay mechanism is relevant for
any system where the excitation energy of one constituent exceeds the double
ionization potential of another neighbouring molecule. The process is, in
particular, relevant for biological systems, where radicals and slow electrons
are known to cause radiation damageComment: accepted as Nature Physic
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