159 research outputs found
Rapid correction of early metabolic acidaemia in comparison with placebo, no intervention or slow correction in LBW infants (Review)
BACKGROUND: Metabolic or mixed (metabolic and respiratory) acidosis are commonly encountered problems in the low birth weight (LBW) infant after delivery, and they may contribute to mortality and morbidity. Causes for the lactic acidosis are multiple and include maternal, placental and fetal factors. It is unclear whether metabolic acidaemia in the first 24 hours of life in LBW infants should be corrected by rapid infusion of alkali. OBJECTIVES: The main objective was to assess the short and long-term effects of the rapid correction of early (first 24 hours) metabolic acidaemia in LBW
Strengthening magnesium by design: integrating alloying and dynamic processing
Magnesium (Mg) has the lowest density of all structural metals and has
excellent potential for wide use in structural applications. While pure Mg has
inferior mechanical properties; the addition of further elements at various
concentrations has produced alloys with enhanced mechanical performance and
corrosion resistance. An important consequence of adding such elements is that
the saturated Mg matrix can locally decompose to form solute clusters and
intermetallic particles, often referred to as precipitates. Controlling the
shape, number density, volume fraction, and spatial distribution of solute
clusters and precipitates significantly impacts the alloy's plastic response.
Conversely, plastic deformation during thermomechanical processing can
dramatically impact solute clustering and precipitation. In this paper, we
first discuss how solute atoms, solute clusters, and precipitates can improve
the mechanical properties of Mg alloys. We do so by primarily comparing three
alloy systems: Mg-Al, Mg-Zn, and Mg-Y-based alloys. In the second part, we
provide strategies for optimizing such microstructures by controlling
nucleation and growth of solute clusters and precipitates during
thermomechanical processing. In the third part, we briefly highlight how one
can enable inverse design of Mg alloys by a more robust Integrated
Computational Materials Design (ICMD) approach
Control of disseminated intravascular coagulation in Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome using enoxaparin and recombinant activated factor VIIa: a case report
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Vascular malformation is associated with coagulopathies, especially when hemostasis is challenged.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We present the case of an 11-year-old Hispanic girl with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome that developed disseminated intravascular coagulation after minor surgery, which was controlled by blood product transfusions and enoxaparin to address an ongoing consumptive coagulopathy. The patient, however, developed bacteremia and liver trauma that resulted in severe bleeding. To the best of our knowledge, we report here the first known instance of administering recombinant coagulation factor VIIa to control acute bleeding in a patient with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This case illustrates the concept of enoxaparin maintenance to suppress an ongoing consumptive coagulopathy and the use of recombinant coagulation factor VIIa to control its potentially fatal severe bleeding episodes.</p
On my mind: thoughts about salience, context and figurative language from a second language perspective
Statutory Interpretation as Argumentation
This chapter proposes a dialectical approach to legal interpretation, consisting of three dimensions: a formalization of the canons of interpretation in terms of argumentation schemes; a dialectical classification of interpretive schemes; and a logical and computational model for comparing the arguments pro and contra an interpretation. The traditional interpretive maxims or canons used in both common and civil law are translated into defeasible patterns of arguments, which can be evaluated through sets of corresponding critical questions. These interpretive argumentation schemes are classified in general categories and a distinction is drawn between schemes supporting and rebutting an interpretation. This framework allows conceiving statutory interpretation as a dialectical procedure consisting in weighing arguments pro and contra an interpretation. This procedure is formalized and represented computationally through tools from formal argumentation systems
Second Order Perturbations in the Randall-Sundrum Infinite Brane-World Model
We discuss the non-linear gravitational interactions in the Randall-Sundrum
single brane model. If we naively write down the 4-dimensional effective action
integrating over the fifth dimension with the aid of the decomposition with
respect to eigen modes of 4-dimensional d'Alembertian, the Kaluza-Klein mode
coupling seems to be ill-defined. We carefully analyze second order
perturbations of the gravitational field induced on the 3-brane under the
assumption of the static and axial-symmetric 5-dimensional metric. It is shown
that there remains no pathological feature in the Kaluza-Klein mode coupling
after the summation over all different mass modes. Furthermore, the leading
Kaluza-Klein corrections are shown to be sufficiently suppressed in comparison
with the leading order term which is obtained by the zero mode truncation. We
confirm that the 4-dimensional Einstein gravity is approximately recovered on
the 3-brane up to second order perturbations.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures, comment and reference added, typos correcte
Biallelic VARS variants cause developmental encephalopathy with microcephaly that is recapitulated in vars knockout zebrafish
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (ARSs) link specific amino acids with their cognate transfer RNAs in a critical early step of protein translation. Mutations in ARSs have emerged as a cause of recessive, often complex neurological disease traits. Here we report an allelic series consisting of seven novel and two previously reported biallelic variants in valyl-tRNA synthetase (VARS) in ten patients with a developmental encephalopathy with microcephaly, often associated with early-onset epilepsy. In silico, in vitro, and yeast complementation assays demonstrate that the underlying pathomechanism of these mutations is most likely a loss of protein function. Zebrafish modeling accurately recapitulated some of the key neurological disease traits. These results provide both genetic and biological insights into neurodevelopmental disease and pave the way for further in-depth research on ARS related recessive disorders and precision therapies
Grain refinement vs. crystallographic texture: Mechanical anisotropy in a magnesium alloy
Comparing very low birth weight versus very low gestation cohort methods for outcome analysis of high risk preterm infants
© 2017 The Author(s). Background: Compared to very low gestational age (<32 weeks, VLGA) cohorts, very low birth weight (<1500 g; VLBW) cohorts are more prone to selection bias toward small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants, which may impact upon the validity of data for benchmarking purposes. Method: Data from all VLGA or VLBW infants admitted in the 3 Networks between 2008 and 2011 were used. Two-thirds of each network cohort was randomly selected to develop prediction models for mortality and composite adverse outcome (CAO: mortality or cerebral injuries, chronic lung disease, severe retinopathy or necrotizing enterocolitis) and the remaining for internal validation. Areas under the ROC curves (AUC) of the models were compared. Results: VLBW cohort (24,335 infants) had twice more SGA infants (20.4% vs. 9.3%) than the VLGA cohort (29,180 infants) and had a higher rate of CAO (36.5% vs. 32.6%). The two models had equal prediction power for mortality and CAO (AUC 0.83), and similarly for all other cross-cohort validations (AUC 0.81-0.85). Neither model performed well for the extremes of birth weight for gestation (<1500 g and ≥32 weeks, AUC 0.50-0.65; ≥1500 g and <32 weeks, AUC 0.60-0.62). Conclusion: There was no difference in prediction power for adverse outcome between cohorting VLGA or VLBW despite substantial bias in SGA population. Either cohorting practises are suitable for international benchmarking
Structural and mechanical properties of TiB 2 and TiC prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis/dynamic compaction
Titanium-diboride and titanium-carbide compacts with diameters of 100 mm and thicknesses of 25 mm were fabricated by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis/dynamic compaction (SHS/DC) of the elemental powders. Under the best conditions, the densities were greater than 99% and 96.8% of the theoretical densities for TiB 2 and TiC, respectively. The microhardness, compressive strength, and elastic modulus of the TiB 2 prepared by the SHS/DC method were comparable to reported values for hot-pressed TiB 2 . While the microhardness and elastic modulus of the TiC compacts were comparable to those for hotpressed TiC, the compressive strength was lower due to extensive cracks in the compacts. The TiB 2 prepared using a low-purity boron powder (1–5% carbon impurity) compacted to higher densities and had less cracking than that prepared using a high-purity boron powder (0.2% carbon). This result could have an impact on the cost of producing TiB 2 /TiC structural components by the SHS/DC process.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44732/1/10853_2005_Article_BF01162518.pd
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