Qualité microbiologique des tranches de mangues (Mangifera indica L.) vendues à Dakar (Sénégal)

La mangue, principal fruit du Sénégal, est transformée en tranches et vendue en sachets dans les rues de Dakar. Ce produit est sensible aux altérations microbiennes faute de technologies de conservation adaptées au contexte local. Ce travail propose une évaluation de la qualité  microbiologique du produit et de son impact sur la santé des  consommateurs. Pour cette étude, 3 répétitions d’échantillons par vendeur ont été prélevées chez quatorze vendeurs de cinq quartiers (Médina, Fann, Habitats Loyers Modernes ou HLM, Grand Yoff et Guédiawaye). Ensuite, des analyses ont été menées pour la recherche de la flore mésophile aérobie totale, de coliformes, d’entérobactéries et d’Escherichia coli présomptifs. Les résultats montrent une forte pollution des échantillons en flore totale sauf pour l’échantillon V3 (vendeur 3) des HLM et une charge élevée en coliformes et en Escherichia coli (> 103 UFC/g). D’autres entérobactéries comme Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter amnigenus, Serrati  rubidaea et Klebsiella pneumoniae sont retrouvées respectivement dans les échantillons V2 de Médina, V1 de Fann, V1 et V2 Guédiawaye. Ces bactéries ne présentent pas de risques sur la santé publique mais rendent le produit impropre à la consommation. Cette étude nécessite une expansion aux autres quartiers pour mieux veiller sur la santé des consommateurs.Mots clés: Evaluation, qualité, microbiologie, mangues, santé des consommateurs, Dakar

THE INFLUENCE OF VILLAGE POLICIES, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, CAPACITY OF BUMDES MANAGEMENT ON VILLAGE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH AMFOANG DISTRICT

Village-owned enterprises (BUMDes) are village business institutions managed by the community and village government in an effort to strengthen the village economy and are formed based on the needs and potential of the village. In Kupang district, especially South Amfoang sub-district, which consists of 6 villages, there are several BUMDes programs implemented, namely savings and loans, village kiosks and cattle fattening. These villages are still lagging behind in terms of poor infrastructure, inadequate access to information, minimal human resources and population income that is still below average. This of course will affect the development of the village economy. This study aims to determine the description of village policy data. This study aims to determine the description of village policy data, community participation, and the capacity of BUMDes managers in the context of village economic development, to analyze the direct effect of village policies, community participation and the capacity of BUMDes managers on village economic development in South Amfoang sub-district. The method used in this research is quantitative research which is regressive in nature, namely research conducted to find the influence of policies, community participation and the capacity of BUMDes managers on economic development in 6 villages located in Amfoang Selatan sub-district, Kupang district. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive and significant effect. It can be seen from the indicators of village policies, the better the policies are made, the village economy will develop, community participation has a positive and significant effect on economic development. It can be seen from the indicators of community participation, the higher the level of community participation, the efforts to develop the village economy will run as planned, the capacity of BUMDes managers has a positive and significant effect on economic development. Village policies, community participation and the capacity of BUMDes managers collectively have a positive and significant impact on economic development

The use of Maytenus ilicifolia to prevent cisplatin-induced ototoxicity

Maytenus ilicifolia é uma planta sul americana apresenta várias propriedades medicinais, entre elas, a ação antioxidante. OBJETIVO: Por meio de um modelo original de ototoxicidade induzida pela cisplatina, verificar uma possível ação otoprotetora do extrato aquoso desta planta. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo clínico e experimental com cobaias fêmeas, albinas divididas em 5 grupos: 9 animais recebendo somente 3 doses de 7,5mg/kg/d do protocolo de cisplatina, 4 animais somente com o extrato, 10 animais com cisplatina e 1g/kg/d de extrato por 8 dias, 5 animais com cisplatina e 3g/kg/d do extrato por 8 dias e 5 animais recebendo extrato por 3 semanas e cisplatina na última semana. Os exames foram emissões otoacústica por produtos de distorção, potencial de tronco encefálico pré e após administração de cisplatina e, microscopia eletrônica de varredura. RESULTADOS: Os animais que receberam a cisplatina com o extrato, independente da dose, obtiveram alterações em todos os testes, com lesões na região basal na microscopia eletrônica. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar do efeito antioxidante da Maytenus ilicifolia, ela não foi suficiente para bloquear o efeito ototóxico da cisplatina.Maytenus ilicifolia is a native plant from South America, with several medicinal properties including antioxidant effects. AIM: using an original cisplatin induced ototoxicity model, we evaluated a possible otoprotection caused by Maytenus ilicifolia extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: clinical and experimental study design with female albino guinea pigs divided in groups as follows: 9 animals receiving cisplatin only (three doses of 7.5mg/kg/day), 4 animals receiving the plant extract only, 10 animals receiving the cisplatin protocol and 1g/kg/day of extract for 8 days, 5 animals with cisplatin and 3g/kg/day of extract for 8 days, and 5 animals receiving extract for 3 weeks and cisplatin in the last week. The tests were distortion product otoacoustic emissions, brainstem auditory response, before and after medication and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: the animals receiving cisplatin plus plant extract, had alterations in all the tests, showing lesions on the basal cochlear region under electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Despite of the plant extract's antioxidant effect, it was not sufficient to protect the cochlea against cisplatin ototoxicity

The value of prognostic clinical data in Bell’s palsy

SummaryElectroneurography (ENoG) and clinical staging are currently the methods of choice to indicate prognosis in Bell’s palsy, although ENoG is an electrophysiological test not universally available. Aim: Identify other options of prognostic evaluation based upon clinical aspects and minimal electrical stimulation test allowing prognostic measurement in almost any circumstances. Study design: historic cohort. Material and Method: Chart review of 1,521 cases of IPFP, analyzing the following clinical aspects: gender, age, paralyzed side, installation mode, previous symptoms, associated symptoms and minimal electrical stimulation test (Hilger test) and its statistical correlation to facial palsy evolution after 6 months. Results: Data indicated that patients above 60 years old had worse prognosis in comparison with patients under 30 years old. A progressive mode of paralysis installation, absence of previous symptoms, concomitant vertigo and response superior to 3.5 mA at minimum electrical stimulation test were also related to worse prognosis. On the other hand, the absence of concomitant symptoms, diminished tearing and sudden onset were related to better prognosis. Conclusion: Clinical factors and Hilger’s test can accurately indicate the prognosis in cases of Bell’s palsy when ENoG is not available

The Need for Compliance Verification in Collaborative Business Processes

Compliance constrains processes to adhere to rules, standards, laws and regulations. Non-compliance subjects enterprises to litigation and financial fines. Collaborative business processes cross organizational and regional borders implying that internal and cross regional regulations must be complied with. To protect customs’ data, European enterprises must comply with the EU data privacy regulation (general data protection regulation - GDPR) and each member state’s data protection laws. An example of non-compliance with GDPR is Facebook, it is accused for breaching subscriber trust. Compliance verification is thus essential to deploy and implement collaborative business process systems. It ensures that processes are checked for conformance to compliance requirements throughout their life cycle. In this paper we take a proactive approach aiming to discuss the need for design time preventative compliance verification as opposed to after effect runtime detective approach. We use a real-world case to show how compliance needs to be analyzed and show the benefits of applying compliance check at the process design stag

The Need for Compliance Verification in Collaborative Business Processes

Compliance constrains processes to adhere to rules, standards, laws and regulations. Non-compliance subjects enterprises to litigation and financial fines. Collaborative business processes cross organizational and regional borders implying that internal and cross regional regulations must be complied with. To protect customs’ data, European enterprises must comply with the EU data privacy regulation (general data protection regulation - GDPR) and each member state’s data protection laws. An example of non-compliance with GDPR is Facebook, it is accused for breaching subscriber trust. Compliance verification is thus essential to deploy and implement collaborative business process systems. It ensures that processes are checked for conformance to compliance requirements throughout their life cycle. In this paper we take a proactive approach aiming to discuss the need for design time preventative compliance verification as opposed to after effect runtime detective approach. We use a real-world case to show how compliance needs to be analyzed and show the benefits of applying compliance check at the process design stag

Health seeking behaviour, health system experience and tuberculosis case finding in Gambians with cough

BACKGROUND: Studies in Africa investigating health-seeking behaviour by interviewing tuberculosis patients have revealed patient knowledge issues and significant delays to diagnosis. We aimed to study health-seeking behaviour and experience of those with cough in The Gambia and to identify whether they had tuberculosis. METHODS: During a round of a population under 3-monthly demographic surveillance, we identified people >10 years old who had been coughing ≥ 3 weeks. A questionnaire was administered concerning demographic data, cough, knowledge, health seeking, and experience at health facilities. Case finding utilised sputum smear and chest X-ray. RESULTS: 122/29,871 coughing individuals were identified. Of 115 interviewed, 93 (81%) had sought treatment; 76 (81.7%) from the health system. Those that visited an alternative health provider first were significantly older than those who visited the health system first (p = 0.03). The median time to seek treatment was 2 weeks (range 0 – 106). 54 (58.1%) made their choice of provider because they believed it was right. Of those who left the health system to an alternative provider (n = 13): 7 believed it was the best place, 3 cited cost and 2 failure to improve. 3 cases were identified by sputum analysis, 11 more by X-ray; all had visited the health system first. Total 'excess' cough time was 1079 person weeks. CONCLUSION: The majority of people with cough in this population seek appropriate help early. Improved case detection might be achieved through the use of chest X-ray in addition to sputum smear

Intraregional variability in chironomid-inferred temperature estimates and the influence of river inundations on lacustrine chironomid assemblages.

Floodplain lakes are rarely analysed for fossil chironomids and usually not incorporated in modern chironomid-climate calibration datasets because of the potential complex hydrological processes that could result from flooding of the lakes. In order to investigate this potential influence of river inundations on fossil chironomid assemblages, 13 regularly inundated lakes and 20 lakes isolated from riverine influence were sampled and their surface sediments analysed for subfossil chironomid assemblages. The physical and chemical settings of all lakes were similar, although the variation in the environmental variables was higher in the lakes isolated from riverine influence. Chironomid concentration and taxon richness show significant differences between the two classes of lakes, and the variation in these variables is best explained by loss-on-ignition of the sediments (LOI). Relative chironomid abundances show some differences between the two groups of lakes, with several chironomid taxa occurring preferentially in one of the two lake-types. The variability in chironomid assemblages is also best explained by LOI. Application of a chironomid-temperature inference model shows that both types of lakes reconstruct July air temperatures that are equal to, or slightly underestimating, the measured temperature of the region. We conclude that, although there are some differences between the chironomid assemblages of floodplain lakes and of isolated lakes, these differences do not have a major effect on chironomid-based temperature reconstruction. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V