Evaluation of Mold and Termite Resistance of Included Sapwood in Eastern Redcedar

The heartwood of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) frequently contains areas of light-colored wood. This "included sapwood" is considered to be a defect by some manufacturers. In this study, sapwood, included sapwood, and heartwood samples from five eastern redcedar trees were exposed to mold fungi or subterranean termites in a no-choice feeding test. Specific gravity, extractives content, and total volumetric shrinkage were also measured. The extractive content, specific gravity, and volumetric shrinkage values of sapwood and included sapwood were equivalent. Greater extractive content in heartwood blocks was associated with less volumetric shrinkage and greater specific gravity. Included sapwood showed the same resistance to mold growth as heartwood, which was more mold-resistant that the sapwood. Included sapwood, heartwood, and sapwood of redcedar all exhibited resistance to termite attack compared with pine wood controls

Türkçe Öğretmenlerinin Erkek ve Kız Öğrencilerine Yönelik Toplumsal Cinsiyet Kimliği Merkezli Beklentileri, Algıları ve Tutumları

This study was aimed at investigating the gender-based expectations, perceptions, and attitudes o f a sample of 100 teachers randomly selected from four middle-status anatolian, super, and normal public lycees located in the metropolitan region of Ankara, the capital of Turkey. Results o f the study indicated that there are significant differences between the occupations that the teachers considered to be appropriate for their male and female students, betweeen and adjectives that the teachers attributed to their male and female students, between the academic areas that the teachers considered their male and female students have an ability in, and between the factors that the teachers identified as the causes for failure and success of their male and female students. More importantly the results o f this study indicated that the teachers’ expectations, perceptions, and attitudes toward their male and female students significantly reflect the underlying features of traditional gender discrimination.Bu çalışmada, Ankara metropoliten kent sınırları içinde yer alan, biri anadolu, biri süper ve ikisi de normal devlet lisesi olmak üzere, orta düzeydeki dört liseden rastlantısal bir yöntemle seçilmiş 100 kişiden oluşan bir öğretmen örnekleminin kız ve erkek öğrencilerine dönük cinsiyetçi beklenti, tutum ve algıları araştırıldı. Araştırma bulguları, öğretmenler tarafından kız ve erkek öğrencilere uygun görülen meslekler, kız ve erkek öğrencilere atfedilen sıfat ve özellikler, kız ve erkek öğrencilere uygun görülen akademik çalışma alanları ile kız ve erkek öğrencilerin başarı ve başarısızlıklarının nedenleri olarak tanımlanan faktörler arasında önemli farklılıklar olduğunu göstermektedir. Daha da önemlisi, araştırma bulguları, öğretmenlerin kız ve erkek öğrencilerine dönük beklenti, algı ve tutumlarının önemli ölçüde geleneksel cinsiyet ayırımcılığının özelliklerini yansıttığını göstermektedir

Electrical Size Reduction of Microstrip Antennas by Using Defected Ground Structures Composed of Complementary Split Ring Resonator

In this study the effects of using defected ground structures (DGS) composed of a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) and CSRR with dumbbell (CSRR-D) for rectangular microstrip antennas are investigated. On this aim, two different antennas, which are Antenna B having CSRR etched DGS and Antenna C having CSRR-D etched DGS are designed and fabricated in comparison with the ordinary rectangular patch antenna, which is Antenna A. In both Antenna B and C, CSRR structures are etched in the same position of the ground planes. On the other hand, another ordinary microstrip antenna, called Antenna D, is designed at resonance frequency of Antenna C. For the characterization, resonance frequencies, voltage standing wave ratios, percentage bandwidths, gains, ka values and gain radiation patterns are investigated both in simulations and experiments. The numerical analyses show that 29.39 % and 44.49 % electrical size reduction (ESR) ratios are obtained for Antenna B and Antenna C, respectively in comparison to Antenna A. The experimental results verify the ESR ratios with 29.15 % and 44.94 %. Supporting, Antenna C promises 68.12 % physical size reduction (PSR) as it is compared with Antenna D. These results reveal that Antenna C is a good alternative for DGS based microstrip electrically small antennas

Basil Bernstein: Kültürel Üretim ve Yenidenüretim Sürecinde Eğitim, Dil ve Dil Biçimsel Farklılıklar Üzerine

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Basil Bernstein’ın toplumsal iş bölümünün dikey ve yatay boyutları, yalıtım, sınıflandırma ve çerçevelendirme ilke ve süreçleri, “ses” ve “mesaj” arasındaki ilişki ve farklılık ile toplumdaki farklı grup ve sınıflar tarafından üretilen, meşrulaştılan ve yeniden üretilen “sınırlı” ve “işlek” dilsel biçimlere ilişkin pedagojik kuramının bazı öğelerini sunmaktır. Bernstein’ın temel amacı, eğitim sisteminin sınıfsal doğasını çözümlemek suretiyle, iktidar ve kontrol ilişkilerinin okullaşma süreci içinde nasıl üretildiklerini, meşrulaştırıldıklarını ve yeniden üretildiklerini açıklığa kavuşturmaktır. Bernstein’ın kuramsal çalışması eğitim süreci boyunca ve bu süreç tarafından yaratılan toplumsal eşitsizliklerin anlaşılmasını sağlayacak önemli çözümleme araçları sunmaktadır. Bernstein’ın kavramsal açıklamalarının pedagojik pratik tarafından dayatılan bir iletişim biçimi ile bu iletişimsel dayatma biçimi tarafından yaratılan bilinç biçimleri arasındaki ilişkilere dair önemli göndergeleri vardır.Publisher's Versio

The Relationship Between Burnout Syndrome and Organizational Commitment Perception of Employees in Fast Moving Consumer Goods Industry

Purpose – The aim of this research is to identify the relationship between burnout syndrome and organizational commitment perception of employees. Design/methodology/approach – Within the framework of the existing literature, two Likert type scales were used to measure the conceptual structures. The measurement tools were distributed to 475 participants made up of sales employees employed by companies operating in the fast-moving consumer goods industry in Istanbul. In total, 445 valid questionnaires were gathered for statistical analysis. The research was conducted by IBM SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 23.0 software. In total, 10 hypotheses, including all the sub-dimensions, were investigated through statistical analysis. Findings – It has been concluded that there is a significant, linear, and negative relationship between two conceptual structures and their sub-dimensions. It has also been observed that there is a statistically significant, linear, moderate, and negative correlation between burnout syndrome and organizational commitment (r = -0.362, p = 0.00 <0.05). Discussion – Employees experiencing burnout syndrome have lower levels of organizational commitment; and therefore, managers should work on reducing the probability of burnout syndrome of individuals within the organizations. The findings are limited to the perceptions of 445 employees and the sample consists of employees working in a single industry in Istanbul. The analysis can be expanded further to cover other industries and employees in the future studies

The Relationship Between Burnout Syndrome and Organizational Commitment Perception of Employees in Fast Moving Consumer Goods Industry

Purpose – The aim of this research is to identify the relationship between burnout syndrome and organizational commitment perception of employees. Design/methodology/approach – Within the framework of the existing literature, two Likert type scales were used to measure the conceptual structures. The measurement tools were distributed to 475 participants made up of sales employees employed by companies operating in the fast-moving consumer goods industry in Istanbul. In total, 445 valid questionnaires were gathered for statistical analysis. The research was conducted by IBM SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 23.0 software. In total, 10 hypotheses, including all the sub-dimensions, were investigated through statistical analysis. Findings – It has been concluded that there is a significant, linear, and negative relationship between two conceptual structures and their sub-dimensions. It has also been observed that there is a statistically significant, linear, moderate, and negative correlation between burnout syndrome and organizational commitment (r = -0.362, p = 0.00 <0.05). Discussion – Employees experiencing burnout syndrome have lower levels of organizational commitment; and therefore, managers should work on reducing the probability of burnout syndrome of individuals within the organizations. The findings are limited to the perceptions of 445 employees and the sample consists of employees working in a single industry in Istanbul. The analysis can be expanded further to cover other industries and employees in the future studies

First records of anomalously white harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the Turkish seas with a global review

Dede, Ayhan/0000-0002-7712-615X; YESILCICEK, TUNCAY/0000-0002-3236-8227; Tonay, Arda M./0000-0003-2718-9328; Kose, Ozay/0000-0002-3565-160XWOS: 000320413100012Three anomalously white harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) were reported in Turkish Seas. One of them was bycaught on 19 June 2011 in bottom gill nets off the eastern coast of the Turkish Black Sea. the second one was observed four times in May and early June 2012 in the Istanbul Strait. the last one was stranded alive on 7 July 2012 in the Istanbul Strait. Records (published and unpublished) of anomalously white harbour porpoises in the world were reviewed. in total, 34 records were found from the world seas: the Black Sea, North Sea, Baltic Sea, North Atlantic Ocean and North Eastern Pacific Ocean. According to these records, three patterns of pigmentation were suggested.Recep Tayym Erdogan UniversityRecep Tayyip Erdogan University [BAP 2010.103 03 2]; Istanbul UniversityIstanbul University [BAP 184761, BAP 27942]The authors thank S. Berrow, O K. Didockson, K. Flannery, PG H Evans, A. Gob, Z. Gunelidze, I Hasselmeier, L Hutchings, W Keener, C.C. Kinze, L Morison, S. Pezeril, D. Quigley, K Robinson, D. Schulte, R Sears, A. U for observation data and old photos, A. Beird for photos, A.E. Kutukcu for video in Istanbul Strait, E. Danyer and I Aytemiz for necropsy report, H Bayar for necropsy assistance, 13 Topaloglu for photos of case 3 and logistic, S. Akmermer, K Akmermer and U. Akmermer for help in Size, L Eadie, T de Haas, N. Tonay and Kirecburnu's fishermen in Istanbul, Coast Guard for cooperation in IU/TUDAV Cetacean Stranding Network; V. Onar and P.S C. Turetken for help in fixation case 3, P Korkmazel, K. Guzey/ANIMA for colour grading and video time warping, B. Ozturk, P Gol'din and D Fertl for their valuable advises; A A Ozturk, R. Bilgin, C. Torso for their contributions during editing Case I study was supported by Recep Tayym Erdogan University, Scientific Research Project (BAP 2010.103 03 2). Case 2 study was supported by Istanbul University, Scientific Research Pealed (BAP 184761 Case 3 preserving and exhibit was provided by Istanbul University, Scientific Research Project (BAP 27942

{[Na1(μ-H2O)Na2]2[(C2O4)2Cr(μ-OH)2Cr(C2O4)2]·H2O}n, a novel hydrated form

The unit cell of the title compound, poly[[μ-aqua-μ-hydroxido-di-μ-oxalato-chromium(III)disodium] monohydrate], {[CrNa2(C2O4)2(OH)(H2O)]·H2O}n, contains four [Na1(μ-H2O)Na2][(C2O4)2Cr(μ-OH)·H2O] formula units, each of which consists of two crystallographically independent Na+ sites (bridged by one aqua ligand), one half of a centrosymmetric di-μ-hydroxido-bis­[cis-bis­(oxalato)chromate(III)] dimer, [(C2O4)2Cr(μ-OH)2Cr(C2O4)2]4−, and one uncoordin­ated water mol­ecule. The structure is best described as a coordination polymer in which the three-dimensional lattice framework is realized by the inter­connection of the metallic atoms via the O atoms of the aqua, hydroxide and oxalate ligands. One Na atom is hepta­coordinated by one water, one hydroxide and five oxalate O atoms, whilst the other is penta­coordinated by one water and four oxalate O atoms. The coordination around the Cr3+ sites is pseudo-octa­hedral, involving four aqua and two hydroxide O atoms. Adjacent Na atoms are separated by 3.593 (2) Å, whereas the intra­dimer Cr⋯Cr spacing is 2.978 (1) Å. The crystal structure is consolidated by extended relatively weak O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding with O⋯O distances ranging from 2.808 (4) to 3.276 (5) Å

Absolute properties of the binary system BB Pegasi

We present a ground based photometry of the low-temperature contact binary BB Peg. We collected all times of mid-eclipses available in literature and combined them with those obtained in this study. Analyses of the data indicate a period increase of 3.0(1) x 10^{-8} days/yr. This period increase of BB Peg can be interpreted in terms of the mass transfer 2.4 x 10^{-8} Ms yr^{-1} from the less massive to the more massive component. The physical parameters have been determined as Mc = 1.42 Ms, Mh = 0.53 Ms, Rc = 1.29 Rs, Rh = 0.83 Rs, Lc = 1.86 Ls, and Lh = 0.94 Ls through simultaneous solution of light and of the radial velocity curves. The orbital parameters of the third body, that orbits the contact system in an eccentric orbit, were obtained from the period variation analysis. The system is compared to the similar binaries in the Hertzsprung-Russell and Mass-Radius diagram.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, accepted for Astronomical Journa

A micro-fabricated in vitro complex neuronal circuit platform

Developments in micro-manufacture as well as biofabrication technologies are driving our ability to create complex tissue models such as 'organ-on-a-chip' devices. The complexity of neural tissue, however, requires precisely specific cellular connectivity across many neuronal populations, and thus there have been limited reports of complex 'brain-on-a-chip' technologies modelling specific cellular circuit function. Here we describe the development of a model of in vitro brain circuitry designed to accurately reproduce part of the complex circuitry involved in neurodegenerative diseases; using segregated co-culture of specific basal ganglia (BG) neuronal subtypes to model central nervous system circuitry. Lithographic methods and chemical modification were used to form structured micro-channels, which were populated by specifically cultured neuronal sub-types to represent parts of the inter-communicating neural circuit. Cell morphological assessment and immunostaining showed connectivity, which was supported by electrophysiology measurements. Electrical activity of cells was measured using patch-clamp, showing voltage dependant Na+ and K+ currents, and blocking of Na+ current by TTX, and calcium imaging showing TTX-sensitive slow Ca2+ oscillations resulting from action potentials. Monitoring cells across connected ports post-TTX addition demonstrated both upstream and downstream changes in activity, indicating network connectivity. The model developed herein provides a platform technology that could be used to better understand neurological function and dysfunction, contributing to a growing urgency for better treatments of neurodegenerative disease. We anticipate the use of this advancing technology for the assessment of pharmaceutical and cellular therapies as a means of pre-clinical assessment, and further for the advancement of neural engineering approaches for tissue engineering