Cognitive processing of spatial relations in Euclidean diagrams

The cognitive processing of spatial relations in Euclidean diagrams is central to the diagram-based geometric practice of Euclid's Elements. In this study, we investigate this processing through two dichotomies among spatial relations—metric vs topological and exact vs co-exact—introduced by Manders in his seminal epistemological analysis of Euclid's geometric practice. To this end, we carried out a two-part experiment where participants were asked to judge spatial relations in Euclidean diagrams in a visual half field task design. In the first part, we tested whether the processing of metric vs topological relations yielded the same hemispheric specialization as the processing of coordinate vs categorical relations. In the second part, we investigated the specific performance patterns for the processing of five pairs of exact/co-exact relations, where stimuli for the co-exact relations were divided into three categories depending on their distance from the exact case. Regarding the processing of metric vs topological relations, hemispheric differences were found for only a few of the stimuli used, which may indicate that other processing mechanisms might be at play. Regarding the processing of exact vs co-exact relations, results show that the level of agreement among participants in judging co-exact relations decreases with the distance from the exact case, and this for the five pairs of exact/co-exact relations tested. The philosophical implications of these empirical findings for the epistemological analysis of Euclid's diagram-based geometric practice are spelled out and discussed

Democratic Leadership Style of Public and Private Elementary School Principals During The Covid-19

This research aims to analyze and understand the democratic leadership style of the head of Ngrukumen public elementary school and Muhammadiyah Girikerto Yogyakarta Private during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques in this study use observation, interviews, and documentation. This study's data analysis techniques use data analysis, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The analysis and research data results showed that the democratic leadership style of the head of Ngrukumen State Elementary School during the Covid-19 pandemic used a systematic democratic leadership style. The democratic leadership style of the head of Muhammadiyah private elementary school Girikerto Yogyakarta during the pandemic uses a combined democratic combination leadership style between democratic, transactional, and charismatic

Performance Portfolio

Arabic music continues to struggle to reach an international presence in the music world dueto one of two reasons: either it was not transcribed and notated properly, including stylisticallycorrect ornamentation, or it was never written down at all. Thus, it was not archived and wassubsequently unavailable to non-Arabic musicians. There are many reasons behind not findinga good source of books or research about the history of Arabic music. Today, it is rare to get abook or a resource that has a proper archiving of the history of notated Arabic music.The following are the main reasons:1. Overcomplicating the documentation: In a book called “Scales, Rhythms, and Maqams”by Mohamad Imam, he discusses the math behind the creation of the music, and he goesinto mathematical details about every note and the spaces between notes. He lists over 80names for different scales without having clear examples of each scale and how to use it.No harmony at all was mentioned in the book, not even one notation for the researcher toplay any music and learn these maqams.As a musician, I was looking for simplicity in listing the main maqams, then giving amusical example for each one on a sheet of music, preferably with a harmonious approachto every individual scale on what is suitable and what is to be avoided.2. Not following the world music notation: In the book “Ahmad al Qabbani" by A. Abd AlRahim, he lists good music sources and poets by Qabbani but unfortunately, the music hasnot been appropriately notated. Followers of Qabbani passed on the music withoutnotation. Most of the musical pieces mentioned in the book were notated without a formalstructure and no bar lines. A few pages from the book are attached as an example wherethe lack of accuracy and methodology in archiving those important pieces is apparent.Additionally, no harmony was applied. (Appendix 1, File 01).As a conductor, I was looking for scores to be able to share with my orchestra and performthem. So, from my experience, I had to write an arrangement for the pieces from a singlemelody line, and in some cases from an audio file only.3. The confusion in the source of Arabic music: Historically, there is a debate on the originof Arabic music. Some claim that Mwashahat (single Mwashah, a Genre of Arabic music7that represented the collective musical styles in North West Africa, Spain, and Portugalaround the 12th century) is the foundation of Arabic music which started in Andalusia.Others claim that Arabic music took the shape it is in today in the Levant, specifically,Aleppo, where Qodood (single Qad, another genre of Arabic music) comes from Aleppoin Syria, Al Qodood AL Halabieh, is a genre of music that is based on a pre-existingmelody that is taken to a poet to write lyrics that fit into this melody. This all led to whatwe have today, where lots of the music was lost, stolen, or not documented in the firstplace.After reading a few books about Arabic music history, I found a big gap between musicin the early 12th century and 19th century and modern days.- There is no clear record of any music for over seven centuries.- Regardless of the origin of Arabic music, it is a challenge to find a scorebook forany piece.- After introducing the western notation of the music and having the song writtendown for the orchestra, artists started going to recording studios, but the habit was,or still is, they do not keep the sheets afterwards.4. Literacy was a big part too; just like poetry, the music did not start at a school or anacademy; it was played at "Jalsat" (social gathering), where people who were outstandingpoets had someone to adjust a melody onto their poem and sing it, so they were mainlysong types - not purely music.Compared to Western music, such as Symphony, Concerto, and Sonata, Arabic music hasLounge, Samaie, and Doolab. Luckily, these styles of music are found in a few books,only without arrangements.My ResearchOver the last thirteen years, I have been commissioning arrangements of various musical piecestaken from the Arabic musical tradition. The principal purpose of my DMA is to expose andexplore various parts of my archive of documented Arabic musical pieces through a series ofperformances, recordings, and broadcasts as follows:8• Project 1 – Premiere recordings of live performances for solo violin in conjunction withthe Dubai Opera• Project 2 – Premiere recordings of live performances for solo violin and orchestra inconjunction with the Dubai Opera• Project 3 – Video of the lecture recital that shows the impact the geographical aspecthas on musical dialect• Project 4- Premiere live webcast performance for solo violin and harpI started my musical journey at a very young age and learned much about performances andcomposing at that age, allowing me to become a part of the professional music communityfairly early in life. I began touring with orchestras around the Levant area and Europe when Iwas 15 years old. Later, I worked with international musicians in various parts of the world,such as the UK, Austria, Italy, Germany, Bulgaria, Greece, Australia, the USA, and the PersianGulf. During my career as a violinist, I have repeatedly encountered a technical challenge that,in my opinion, is impeding the progress of Arabic music and preventing it from turning into anaccessible international musical art form able to be performed by musicians around the world.The principal challenges of disseminating Arabic music seem to fall into two main areas,depending on the context:1. Working with Arabic musicians:During rehearsals, the most experienced musician or the one who knows the music frommemory starts playing, and the rest of the musicians copy them, thereby creating the full part.Some of them then choose to either harmonize or add different fillings and ornaments to colourthe piece of music. This continues until, at some point, all agree on one arrangement to follow.Thirteen years ago, I started my orchestra to back me up as a soloist and orchestrate the musicI perform. I contacted various well-established composers from the Arab world, and theyshared some of their music. I was given a one-line melody without a full score and parts forthe orchestra to perform in each case. In 2019, I organized a concert to perform the music of acomposer/guitarist, and the process lacked a clear score and arrangement (see page 38).92. Working with non-Arabic musicians:When non-Arabic musicians are asked to play Arabic music, they always ask the samequestions (Is the Arabic music notated? Can we play it? Is it the same as western music?).We are now in the 21st century, where technology has spread to every level of our daily life,and yet, Arabic music is still not professionally written and made accessible for musicalprofessionals.In light of these challenges, I am proposing some possible solutions since Arabic music is thesame as any other form of music in the general definition, it just has not yet been written orarchived appropriately.I feel the need, through my DMA, to start a documentation initiative, and through performingthe music also, I will be able to showcase the different uses of the embellishments, in additionto showing the variations in using the same Arabic maqam scale and how it depends on thegeographical location and the style of the music.Aims and Overall purposeTherefore, the goal of my DMA is to achieve the following:1. The presentation of a self-curated series of Arabic music recordings serves as a means ofpromoting and raising awareness of this beautiful musical art form.2. The creation of fully-notated scores enables the music to be played by internationalmusicians, and it exposes them to extracts from Arabic music history drawn from the past200 years.3. Adapting and rearranging the music to suit different forms of musical groups such asbands, quartets, orchestras, and soloists.4. Notating and writing music ornaments from Syria and Egypt covering three main eras;1880 to 1950, 1950 to 1990, and 1990 to date.5. Describing the main differences in interpreting Arabic maqams according to prevailinglocal and regional cultural influences

Properties of resin impregnated oil palm wood (Elaeis Guineensis Jack)

Oil palm wood (OPW) was treated with medium-molecular weight PF resin (mmw-PF) through a modified impregnation-compression method. The method consists of four steps, namely, drying, impregnation, heating, and hot pressing densification. The objective of the study was to optimize the impregnation variables. The overall density of the OPW increased, whereas the density gradient between the two OPW structural elements (namely, parenchyma tissues and vascular bundles) decreased. The weight percent gain (WPG) significantly increased even with a very short impregnation period (i.e. 1 hour). Young`s Modulus of the compression parallel to the grain increased by 15 times (from 170 to 2600 MPa) and the shear strength increased by 7 times (from 1.9 to 13 MPa). The strength of the samples was increased exponentially against density increment. The treatment also made the two OPW structural elements to be strongly bonded that helped in enhancing the durability and machining characteristics of the material

Al-Islam dan kemuhammadiyahan sebagai basis pendidikan karakter

Muhammadiyah is one of the world's largest mass Muslim organizations that have developed education in Indonesia. In particular, in the city of Pekanbaru Muhammadiyah was built by several schools. As one of the organizations that care about education, Muhammadiyah also highlights the role of state character. The aim of this research is to see how Islamic and Kemuhamadiyahan lessons in several high schools in the city of Pekanbaru to build the character of the students. This research is expected to be able to contribute to the organizations involved in helping to realize a nation of character through education in the school's guidance. The study uses a qualitative method by the phenomenology approach. The research informants were 65, consisting of school principals, vice-principals, teachers and students

Histonedeacetylase 1 mRNA has elevated expression in clinical specimen of bladder cancer

OBJECTIVE: HDACs are among transcriptional regulatory elements that regulate key features of proliferation and differentiation in all cell types including cancerous. They may also interfere in such stages of cancer development as migration, invasion, multi-drug resistance and angiogenesis. Proven information about HDAC1 role in development of bladder cancer is limited only to cell lines in vitro. The lack of a comprehensive clinical in vivo study led us to evaluate HDAC1 expression in human clinical specimens. METHODS: We analyzed a large group of bladder cancer patients. The presence of hHDAC1 mRNAs were tracked using specific HDAC1 primers in cancer samples and the quantity of HDAC1 transcripts were quantified using real time qPCR method and was compared to those of normal bladder samples from healthy patients. RESULTS: HDAC1 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in Bladder cancer specimens. To our knowledge, this result is the first, showing an elevation in vivo in HDAC1 mRNA levels in clinically cancerous tissue of patients with bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that hHDAC1 overexpression might be implicated in bladder cancer tumorigenesis and that the over-expressed HDAC1 mRNA might be a potential diagnostic marker and, a target for treatment of bladder cancer using HDACi-drugs in future

Histonedeacetylase 1 mRNA has elevated expression in clinical specimen of bladder cancer

OBJECTIVE: HDACs are among transcriptional regulatory elements that regulate key features of proliferation and differentiation in all cell types including cancerous. They may also interfere in such stages of cancer development as migration, invasion, multi-drug resistance and angiogenesis. Proven information about HDAC1 role in development of bladder cancer is limited only to cell lines in vitro. The lack of a comprehensive clinical in vivo study led us to evaluate HDAC1 expression in human clinical specimens. METHODS: We analyzed a large group of bladder cancer patients. The presence of hHDAC1 mRNAs were tracked using specific HDAC1 primers in cancer samples and the quantity of HDAC1 transcripts were quantified using real time qPCR method and was compared to those of normal bladder samples from healthy patients. RESULTS: HDAC1 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in Bladder cancer specimens. To our knowledge, this result is the first, showing an elevation in vivo in HDAC1 mRNA levels in clinically cancerous tissue of patients with bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that hHDAC1 overexpression might be implicated in bladder cancer tumorigenesis and that the over-expressed HDAC1 mRNA might be a potential diagnostic marker and, a target for treatment of bladder cancer using HDACi-drugs in future

SOSIALISASI KEBERSIHAN LINGKUNGAN DAN PEMBUATAN TEMPAT SAMPAH DARI BAN BEKAS

ABSTRAKMenumbuhkan kesadaran masyarakat untuk hidup bersih dan bebas dari sampah merupakan cita -cita kita bersama, tidak hanya masyarakat yang berada di daerah perkotaan tetapi juga masyarakat yang ada di pedesaan. Kurangnya pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat Desa Jeringo akan pentignya menjaga lingkungan, dan bagaimana cara mengelola sampah, dapat dilihat dari masih banyaknya warga Desa Jeringo yang membuang sampah di kebun bahkan disungai, serta kurangnya tempat pembuangan sampah di rumah – rumah ataupun ditempat umum. Untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang peduli lingkungan, membutuhkan edukasi yang harus dilakukan secara terus menerus, agar dapat merubah kebiasaan dan pola pikir masyarakat. Pengabdian ini bertujuan menumbuhkan kesadaran masyarakat untuk membuang sampah pada tempatnya serta mensosialisasikan cara pembuatan tempat sampah dari ban bekas. Bentuk kegiatan berupa sosialisasi mengenai kebersihan lingkungan dan mengadakan pelatihan kepada masyarakat untuk membuat tempat sampah dari barang – barang yang ada disekeliling kita yang sudah tidak terpakai salah satunya menggunakan ban bekas. Hasil dari kegiatan adalah bertambahnya pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap pentingnya menjaga kebersihan lingkungan melalui pemanfaatan tempat sampah yang telah dibuat dilihat dari lingkungan tempat tinggal yang sudah bebas dari sampah, serta kemampuan masyarakat dalam membuat sendiri tempat sampah dari ban bekas. Kata kunci: kebersihan lingkungan; sampah; tempat sampah; ban bekas ABSTRACTRaising public awareness to live clean and free from waste is our common goal, not only for people in urban areas but also for people in rural areas. The lack of knowledge and awareness of the people of Jeringo Village about the importance of protecting the environment, and how to manage waste, can be seen from many resident of Jeringo Village who litter in the garden and even in the rivers, and also the lack of landfills in homes or in public places. To raise people awareness about the environment, needs education that must be carried out continuously, in order to change people's habits and mindsets. This service aims are to raise public awareness to dispose waste in its place and to socialize how to make trash cans from used tires. The activity that will be carried out is socializing about environmental hygiene and holding training for the community to make trash bins from items around us that are no longer used, one of them use tires. The result of the activity is increasing public knowledge about the importance of keeping the environment clean through the use of trash cans that have been made seen from the living environment that is free from waste, as well as the ability of the community to make their own trash cans from used tires. Keywords: environmental cleanliness; waste; trash can; used tire

Effective use of evolutionary computation to parameterise an epidemiological model

Predictive epidemiological models are able to be used most effectively when they have first been shown to fit historical data. Finding the right parameters settings for a model is complex: the system is likely to be noisy, the data points may be sparse, and there may be many inter-related parameters. We apply computational intelligence and data mining techniques in novel ways to investigate this significant problem. We construct an original computational model of human papilloma virus and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with the ultimate aim of predicting the outcomes of varying control techniques (e.g. vaccination, screening, treatment, quarantine). Two computational intelligence techniques (genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimisation) are used over one- stage and two-stage optimisations for eight real-valued model parameters. Rigorous comparison over a variety of quantitative measures demonstrates the explorative nature of the genetic algorithm (useful in this parameter space to support the modeller). Correlations between parameters are drawn out that might otherwise be missed. Clustering highlights the uniformity of the best genetic algorithm results. Prediction of gender-neutral vaccination with the tuned model suggests elimination of the virus across vaccinated and cross-protected strains, supporting recent Scottish government policy. This preliminary study lays the foundation for more widespread use of computational intelligence techniques in epidemiological modelling