ÚČINNOSŤ DEZINFEKČNÉHO PRÍPRAVKU DUSEPT NA G- A G+ BAKTÉRIE TEPELNE OŠETRENÉHO MLIEKA

We were evaluating the effectiveness of disinfecting appliance Dusept on mixture of G+ and G- bacteria and on the micro-organisms of heat-treated milk by three methods. By using the qualitative method effective action of 2% reagent was found on mixture of G+ and G- bacteria. By the qualitative method with carrier the 2% reagent was also effective on the mixture of G+ and G- bacteria, 1% and 0,1% reagents were not effective. The 2% reagent was not effective on the micro-organisms of milk on a carrier. The 2% solution was effective when applying the quantitative method by 20 minutes actuation on bacteria contained in milk.V experimente sme hodnotili účinnosť dezinfekčného prípravku na báze chlóru tromi metódami na zmes G+ a G- baktérií a na mikroorganizmy obsiahnuté v pasterizovanom mlieku. Pri použití kvalitatívnej platňovej metódy bolo účinné pôsobenie 2 %-ného roztoku na zmes G+ a G- baktérií. Pri kvalitatívnej metóde s použitím skleneného nosiča bol 2 %-ný roztok taktiež účinný na zmes G+ a G- , 1 %-ný a 0,1 %-ný roztok nebol účinný. Pre mikroorganizmy mlieka na nosiči 2 %-ný roztok bol neúčinný. Pri kvantitatívnej metóde bol 2 %-ný roztok po 20 minútovom pôsobení na baktérie obsiahnuté v mlieku účinný

Effect of methadone on depression, anxiety and quality of life in addicts

Introduction: Addiction treatment and breaking the vicious cycle that is difficult and expensive. And want comprehensive treatment system with different approaches to drug therapy, psychotherapy and rehabilitation. In this study, was assessed the effects of methadone therapy on depression, anxiety and quality of life in addicts referred to addiction Treatment of Health Center of Shahid Ahmadi Tehran. Materials & methods: This study was semi experimental that in 1389- 90 years was performed on addicts refer to addiction treatment center of ShahidAhmadi Tehran with available sampling method. Overall 96 people entered the study. The questionnaire consisted of 4 parts: Demographic information, Beck's depression inventory, STAI anxiety and quality of life, was complete before the start of treatment with methadone and one month after of treatment with methadone. Data were analyzed by using spss16 and paired t-test and wilcoxon. Findings: The results showed that 72 addict, were depressed before the treatment with methadone. One month after treatment, the prevalence of depression in patients was reduced to 46 persons. This decrease was statistically significant. Level of anxiety was reduced after taking the methadone. Also the quality of life after treatment with methadone was significantly more than ago. Conclusion: Use of alternative treatments such as methadone therapy can be effective in reduction the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety and increase the quality of life

AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT THROUGH MAGNETIZATION OF IRRIGATION AND DRINKING WATER: A REVIEW

    Received 03 December 2017; Accepted 18 February 2018 *Corresponding Author M. Gholizadeh Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Email: [email protected] ©This article is open access and licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, or format for any purpose, even commercially provided the work is properly cited. Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. Agricultural water management in arid and semi-arid countries such as Iran is of utmost importance. Alterations of water as a major component of each bio system through magnetization have been reviewed in this study. Magnetization process has been used as green technology in industry and agriculture with controversial results. Properties of water such as pH, hydrogen bonds, temperature, structure and its ions can be affected by an external magnetic field. Subsequent modifications have substantial impacts on water quality that is determined for optimum plant and animal production. There are some reports among numerous studies in agronomy, gardening and animal husbandry which claim fruitful influence of this treatment both qualitatively and quantitatively. Nevertheless, there are some controversial reports on the effects of magnetization. In conclusion, the response of organisms depends on magnetization time and intensity, water quality and plant or animal species. These variables should be taken into account for further studies regarding this mysteries process

Comparison of yolk fatty acid content, blood and egg cholesterol of hens fed diets containing palm olein oil and kilka fish oil

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of dietary palm olein oil (POO) and Kilka fish oil (KFO) on yolk fatty acid content, ratio of fatty acids (FAs), antibody titre, and blood and yolk cholesterol of laying hens. One hundred White Hy-Line 26-wk-old (W-36) hens were allotted to 6 dietary treatments containing 0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5% POO or 2 and 4% KFO. The FAs and cholesterol content of yolk were measured at the end of three consecutive days of each period. Results reveal that the oleic acid increased and palmitic acid decreased (P<0.05) when hens were fed diets containing POO. The KFO diets reduced the blood cholesterol, yolk linoleic acid and yolk ω-6 FA (P<0.05), whereas the blood cholesterol increased by the supplementation of POO to dietary treatments. The yolk long chain polyunsaturated ω-3 FAs [Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] increased as KFO was increased in diets (P<0.001). The diets supplementation of KFO and POO thus, showed a decrease and an increase in the ratio of ω-6/ ω-3 FAs (P<0.05), respectively. It is concluded that supplementation of KFO to the dietary treatment may improve deposition of ω-3 FAs; however, the POO supplementation may improve deposition of ω-9 FAs without alteration of yolk cholesterol.Key words: Palm olein oil (POO), Kilka fish oil (KFO), hens, egg omega-9 and omega-3 fatty acid

Effect of omega6 : omega3 fatty acid ratios on semen quality of Malaysian village roosters.

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different dietary oil sources on qualitative and quantitative features of Malaysian village rooster’s semen. Forty five Malaysian village roosters (BA Breed) at 30 weeks of age were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 dietary treatments with 3 oil sources (fish oil, vegetable oil and cooked oil). Semen collected from roosters 2 times a week and analyzed by computer-assisted sperm analyzer (Hamilton Thorne Motility Analyzer; IVOS, Beverly, MA). The viability (live to dead spermatozoa ratio) was measured using eosin-nigrosin smears under light microscope and semen volume was determined by reading the scale on the tube. The results showed that in comparison to either vegetable or cooked oils, the addition of fish oil as a source of omega3 fatty acids to diets, significantly (P < 0.05) increased motile spermatozoa and average smoothed path velocity (VAP) but decreased static type of spermatozoa in village rooster’s semen (P < 0.05). Conversely, the addition of cooked oil decreased motility and VAP of rooster’s semen (P < 0.05). Dietary treatments with different oil sources had no significant effect on progressive traits such as semen volume, semen concentration and live and dead spermatozoa (P > 0.05). It was concluded that the addition of polyunsaturated fatty acids may improve semen quality in hot climates

Method of Production and Assessment of anEncapsulated Choline Chloride and Its Effects on GrowthPerformanceand Serum LipidIndices in Broilers

Since, choline chloride caking causes serious operating difficulties and customer complaints, two experiments were conducted to optimize in vitro production of a novel encapsulated choline chloride (ECC) with minimum hygroscopic property and optimize delivery in gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The in vivo verification test of ECC was used to compare it with the commercial choline chloride (CC) in Ross 308 broiler chickens. Twelve factors with 3 levels including 27 formulations on ECC properties were evaluated using the Taguchi method (signal/noise ratio analysis).  The produced ECC particles showed a decrease in hygroscopic property and release rate under simulated GIT. The in vitro study showed that the encapsulation efficiency of 27 formulations were ≥ 80% and choline content in ECC particles ranged from 507 to 718 g/kg (wt/wt). The oil, wax, whey protein concentrate (WPC), and calcium stearate contents had the most influence on hygroscopic property (P < 0.05). The ECC particle gastric resistance was improved by increasing oil and wax contents as well as sonication time, pH, and carrier content (P < 0.05). Average daily gain of broiler chickens fed diet supplemented with choline chloride (CC or ECC) was increased compared to those fed negative control diet during starter period (P < 0.05). The serum concentration of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, and cholesterol were decreased in birds fed diet supplemented with choline chloride (CC or ECC; P < 0.05). The results showed that ECC with no hygroscopic property might be an alternative to CC without negative effect on performance of broiler chickens

Comparison of Different selenium Sources on Performance, Serum Attributes and Cellular Immunity in Broiler Chickens

The effects of organic and inorganic sources and concentration (0 and 0.3 mg per kg of diet) of Selenium (Se) on growth performance, blood biochemical and immune system were evaluated in broiler chickens. Chickens were fed corn-soy-based diets formulated to 8 dietary treatments containing no added Se (negative control), negative control plus yeast (positive control), and 6 diets had 0.3 mg/kg of diet supplemented with Se from Availa Se, Sel-plex, SeleMax, Se enriched yeast, sodium selenite and sodium selenate. Four hundred Ross 308 male chickens were randomly divided into 8 treatments and 5 replicates of 10 birds each. Feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were measured at starter (0-10 d), grower (11-24 d), and finisher (25-42 d) periods. On d 24 and 42, one bird from each replicate was killed by cervical dislocation and blood samples were collected to determine blood chemicals, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and heterophile to lymphocyte ratio. Results showed that Se supplementation had no effect on feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio of the chickens (P < 0.05). However, blood triglycerides, GPx activity and heterophile to lymphocyte ratio were significantly affected by organic and inorganic Se sources (P < 0.05). Results showed that selenium in organic and inorganic forms didn't have any effect on growth performance and blood parameters but they could improve immune system through increase in GPx activity

Living Mulch with Selected Herbs for Soil Management in Organic Apple Orchards

The establishment of living mulches in organic orchards could potentially improve the orchard biodiversity and, when specific plant species are selected, provide additional eco-services and functions, including adequate weed management. This study was conducted in an organically managed apple orchard in Skierniewice (Poland) to assess the effect of two selected living mulching species: Alchemilla vulgaris and Mentha piperita. They were assessed on weed control, weed biodiversity, tree nutritional status, root dry weight density (RDWD), and other root morphological traits compared to a natural soil cover (control). Overall, both living mulches produced 42.5% more dry biomass, increased weed species number (+29%), and increased soil coverage (+33%) compared to control mowed plots. The apple leaf chlorophyll index and nutrient content were higher in the presence of both living mulches than in the control. In addition, apple trees had 30–46% higher root dry weight densities, even though other root morphological traits were not affected by the treatments. The results suggested that the tree row can be managed with living mulches of herbs; these species have the potential to provide an additional income to the farmer, as well as beneficial effects for the orchard biodiversity, without impairing the tree root development and nutrient status

Predicting the metabolizable energy content of corn for ducks: A comparison of support vector regression with other methods

Support vector regression (SVR) is used in this study to develop models to estimate apparent metabolizable energy (AME), AME corrected for nitrogen (AMEn), true metabolizable energy (TME), and TME corrected for nitrogen (TMEn) contents of corn fed to ducks based on its chemical composition. Performance of the SVR models was assessed by comparing their results with those of artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models. The input variables to estimate metabolizable energy content (MJ kg-1) of corn were crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, and ash (g kg-1). Goodness of fit of the models was examined using R2, mean square error, and bias. Based on these indices, the predictive performance of the SVR, ANN, and MLR models was acceptable. Comparison of models indicated that performance of SVR (in terms of R2) on the full data set (0.937 for AME, 0.954 for AMEn, 0.860 for TME, and 0.937 for TMEn) was better than that of ANN (0.907 for AME, 0.922 for AMEn, 0.744 for TME, and 0.920 for TMEn) and MLR (0.887 for AME, 0.903 for AMEn, 0.704 for TME, and 0.902 for TMEn). Similar findings were observed with the calibration and testing data sets. These results suggest SVR models are a promising tool for modelling the relationship between chemical composition and metabolizable energy of feedstuffs for poultry. Although from the present results the application of SVR models seems encouraging, the use of such models in other areas of animal nutrition needs to be evaluated.Funding, in part, was provided by the Canada Research Chairs program.Peer Reviewe