38 research outputs found
Societal-level versus individual-level predictions of ethical behavior: a 48-society study of collectivism and individualism
Is the societal-level of analysis sufficient today to understand the values of those in the global workforce? Or are individual-level analyses more appropriate for assessing the influence of values on ethical behaviors across country workforces? Using multi-level analyses for a 48-society sample, we test the utility of both the societal-level and individual-level dimensions of collectivism and individualism values for predicting ethical behaviors of business professionals. Our values-based behavioral analysis indicates that values at the individual-level make a more significant contribution to explaining variance in ethical behaviors than do values at the societal-level. Implicitly, our findings question the soundness of using societal-level values measures. Implications for international business research are discussed
Where did it all go wrong? Implementation failure - and more - in a field experiment of procedural justice policing
Objectives: This paper presents the findings from a retrospectively conducted qualitative
process evaluation to the Scottish Community Engagement Trial (ScotCET). The study explores
the unanticipated results of a randomised field trial testing the effect of ‘procedurally just’
modes of road policing on public perceptions of police. The ScotCET intervention failed to
produce the hypothesised results, producing instead significant, and unexplained, negative
effects on key aspects of public perception. The present study seeks to examine, from the
perspectives of officers implementing the experiment, what the impacts (intended or
otherwise) of participation were.
Methods: Group interviews were held within the ScotCET experiment ‘units’ to explore how
officers had collectively interpreted and framed ScotCET, and responded as a group to its
requirements/ demands. Nine groups were held over a 5 month period post experiment
completion.
Results: Findings indicate that communication breakdowns during the ScotCET implementation
led to misunderstandings of its aims and objectives, and of the requirements placed on officers.
Within a context of organisational reform and perceived organizational ‘injustice’, commonly
cited aspects of police culture were invoked to facilitate officer non-compliance with aspects of
the experimental intervention, leading to implementation failures, and, possibly, a diffuse
negative effect on the attitudes and behaviours of experiment officers.
Conclusions: Organizational structures and processes, and coercive top-down direction, are
insufficient to ensure successful implementation of policing research, and, by implication,
policing reforms, particularly those that demand alternative ways of ‘doing’ policing and ‘seeing’
citizens. Greater investment in organisational justice and encouraging openness to evidence-led
knowledge is needed to promote change
Adherence to Scheduled Sessions in a Randomized Field Trial of Case Management: The Criminal Justice–Drug Abuse Treatment Studies Transitional Case Management Study
Knowledge of Sustainable Agriculture Practices by Extension Agents in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia
The purpose of the study reported here was to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes that Extension educators possess concerning the numerous dimensions of sustainable agriculture. A descriptive research design was used to collect data from Extension agents in Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. Extension agents were familiar with and associated terms such as environmental protection, small-scale agriculture, profitability, low chemical input, productivity, and organic farming with sustainable agriculture. Extension agents also expressed a need for training in a number of areas related to sustainable agriculture and its practices
Human Resource Development for Students with Disabilities in Science, Technology and Engineering: With regard to Inclusive Pre-College Camp Program
Using controlled disorder to probe the interplay between charge order and superconductivity in NbSe2
The interplay between superconductivity and charge-density wave (CDW) in 2H-NbSe2 is not fully understood despite decades of study. Artificially introduced disorder can tip the delicate balance between two competing long-range orders, and reveal the underlying interactions that give rise to them. Here we introduce disorder by electron irradiation and measure in-plane resistivity, Hall resistivity, X-ray scattering, and London penetration depth. With increasing disorder, the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, varies non-monotonically, whereas the CDW transition temperature, TCDW, monotonically decreases and becomes unresolvable above a critical irradiation dose where Tcdrops sharply. Our results imply that the CDW order initially competes with superconductivity, but eventually assists it. We argue that at the transition where the long-range CDW order disappears, the cooperation with superconductivity is dramatically suppressed. X-ray scattering and Hall resistivity measurements reveal that the short-range CDW survives above the transition. Superconductivity persists to much higher dose levels, consistent with fully gapped superconductivity and moderate interband pairing.</p
Critical role for cholesterol in Lassa fever virus entry identified by a novel small molecule inhibitor targeting the viral receptor LAMP1.
Lassa fever virus (LASV) is endemic in West Africa and causes severe hemorrhagic fever and sensorineural hearing loss. We identified a small molecule inhibitor of LASV and used it to analyze the mechanism of entry. Using a photo-reactive analog that retains antiviral activity as a probe, we identified the inhibitor target as lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), a host factor that binds to the LASV glycoprotein (GP) during infection. We found that LAMP1 binding to LASV GP is cholesterol-dependent, and that the inhibitor blocks infection by competing with cholesterol in LAMP1. Mutational analysis of a docking-based model identified a putative inhibitor binding site in the cholesterol-binding pocket within the LAMP1 domain that binds GP. These findings identify a critical role for cholesterol in LASV entry and a potential target for therapeutic intervention