Psychometric Properties of the German Version of the Child Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (CPTCI-GER)

Dysfunctional trauma-related cognitions are associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The psychometric properties of the German version of the Child Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (CPTCI-GER) were assessed in a sample of 223 children and adolescents (7–16 years) with a history of different traumatic events. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the original two-factor structure—permanent and disturbing change (CPTCI-PC) and fragile person in a scary world (CPTCI-SW). The total scale and both subscales showed good internal consistency. Participants with PTSD had significantly more dysfunctional trauma-related cognitions than those without PTSD. Dysfunctional posttraumatic cognitions correlated significantly with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS; r = .62), depression (r = .71), and anxiety (r = .67). The CPTCI-GER has good psychometric properties and may facilitate evaluation of treatments and further research on the function of trauma-related cognitions in children and adolescents. (Partial) correlations provide empirical support for the combined DSM-5 symptom cluster negative alterations in cognitions and mood

Efficacy and moderators of efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapies with a trauma focus in children and adolescents: an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized trials

This is the final version. Available on open access from Elsevier via the DOI in this recordData sharing: The R script is provided in appendix 2. The data cannot be made available to others because of ethical restrictions.Background Existing clinical trials of cognitive behavioural therapies with a trauma focus (CBTs-TF) are underpowered to examine key variables that might moderate treatment effects. We aimed to determine the efficacy of CBTs-TF for young people, relative to passive and active control conditions, and elucidate putative individual-level and treatment-level moderators. Methods This was an individual participant data meta-analysis of published and unpublished randomised studies in young people aged 6−18 years exposed to trauma. We included studies identified by the latest UK National Institute of Health and Care Excellence guidelines (completed on Jan 29, 2018) and updated their search. The search strategy included database searches restricted to publications between Jan 1, 2018, and Nov 12, 2019; grey literature search of trial registries ClinicalTrials.gov and ISRCTN; preprint archives PsyArXiv and bioRxiv; and use of social media and emails to key authors to identify any unpublished datasets. The primary outcome was post-traumatic stress symptoms after treatment (<1 month after the final session). Predominantly, one-stage random-effects models were fitted. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42019151954. Findings We identified 38 studies; 25 studies provided individual participant data, comprising 1686 young people (mean age 13·65 years [SD 3·01]), with 802 receiving CBTs-TF and 884 a control condition. The risk-of-bias assessment indicated five studies as low risk and 20 studies with some concerns. Participants who received CBTs-TF had lower mean post-traumatic stress symptoms after treatment than those who received the control conditions, after adjusting for post-traumatic stress symptoms before treatment (b=−13·17, 95% CI −17·84 to −8·50, p<0·001, τ2=103·72). Moderation analysis indicated that this effect of CBTs-TF on post-traumatic stress symptoms post-treatment increased by 0·15 units (b=−0·15, 95% CI −0·29 to −0·01, p=0·041, τ2=0·03) for each unit increase in pre-treatment post-traumatic stress symptoms. Interpretation This is the first individual participant data meta-analysis of young people exposed to trauma. Our findings support CBTs-TF as the first-line treatment, irrespective of age, gender, trauma characteristics, or carer involvement in treatment, with particular benefits for those with higher initial distress.Swiss National Science Foundatio

FIG S-4

FIG S-4: HAADF STEM top-view images of the planar lamella on Device A at each leakage spot position.</p

Single crystalline superstructured stable single domain magnetite nanoparticles

Magnetite nanoparticles exhibit magnetic properties that are size and organization dependent and, for applications that rely on their magnetic state, they usually have to be monodisperse. Forming such particles, however, has remained a challenge. Here, we synthesize 40 nm particles of magnetite in the presence of polyarginine and show that they are composed of 10 nm building blocks, yet diffract like single crystals. We use both bulk magnetic measurements and magnetic induction maps recorded from individual particles using off-axis electron holography to show that each 40 nm particle typically contains a single magnetic domain. The magnetic state is therefore determined primarily by the size of the superstructure and not by the sizes of the constituent sub-units. Our results fundamentally demonstrate the structure – property relationship in a magnetic mesoparticle

FIG S-1

FIG S-1: Laser and FIB preparation of the test devices. (a) The two devices are milled out with a laser and placed on a Cu grid. (b) Plasma FIB milling close to the localized failure positions.</p

FIG S-2

FIG S-2: SEM images of different steps during the cross-sectional lamella preparation. (a) protection layers are placed on top and at the bottom of the planar lamella as stabilization. (b) the lamella after FIB milling before lift-out. (c) manipulators during the in-situ lift-out procedure. (d) STEM overview image of the final sample after polishing.</p

FIG S-2

FIG S-2: SEM images of different steps during the cross-sectional lamella preparation. (a) protection layers are placed on top and at the bottom of the planar lamella as stabilization. (b) the lamella after FIB milling before lift-out. (c) manipulators during the in-situ lift-out procedure. (d) STEM overview image of the final sample after polishing.</p

Root cause analysis of gate shorts in semi-vertical GaN MOSFET devices

We present a failure analysis of semi-vertical trench GaN-MOSFETs after reliability testing to identify the root cause for failure. First, off-state step-wise electrical stress testing was performed until breakdown occurred. The defect sites were localized by EL microscopy and analyzed by high resolution TEM and EDX. At the sidewalls of the gate trench, steep steps were observed along the gate finger. A gate short close to one of the steep steps was identified at the defect position. The gate etch process was adapted to obtain smooth gate trenches and to improve the reliability of the device