Noise in Coevolving Networks

Coupling dynamics of the states of the nodes of a network to the dynamics of the network topology leads to generic absorbing and fragmentation transitions. The coevolving voter model is a typical system that exhibits such transitions at some critical rewiring. We study the robustness of these transitions under two distinct ways of introducing noise. Noise affecting all the nodes destroys the absorbing-fragmentation transition, giving rise in finite-size systems to two regimes: bimodal magnetisation and dynamic fragmentation. Noise Targeting a fraction of nodes preserves the transitions but introduces shattered fragmentation with its characteristic fraction of isolated nodes and one or two giant components. Both the lack of absorbing state for homogenous noise and the shift in the absorbing transition to higher rewiring for targeted noise are supported by analytical approximations.Comment: 20 page

Absorbing and Shattered Fragmentation Transitions in Multilayer Coevolution

We introduce a coevolution voter model in a multilayer, by coupling a fraction of nodes across two network layers and allowing each layer to evolve according to its own topological temporal scale. When these time scales are the same the dynamics preserve the absorbing-fragmentation transition observed in a monolayer network at a critical value of the temporal scale that depends on interlayer connectivity. The time evolution equations obtained by pair approximation can be mapped to a coevolution voter model in a single layer with an effective average degree. When the two layers have different topological time scales we find an anomalous transition, named shattered fragmentation, in which the network in one layer splits into two large components in opposite states and a multiplicity of isolated nodes. We identify the growth of the number of components as a signature of this anomalous transition. We also find a critical level of interlayer coupling needed to prevent the fragmentation in a layer connected to a layer that does not fragment.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, last figure caption includes link to animation

Exponential Decay of Correlations for Strongly Coupled Toom Probabilistic Cellular Automata

We investigate the low-noise regime of a large class of probabilistic cellular automata, including the North-East-Center model of Toom. They are defined as stochastic perturbations of cellular automata belonging to the category of monotonic binary tessellations and possessing a property of erosion. We prove, for a set of initial conditions, exponential convergence of the induced processes toward an extremal invariant measure with a highly predominant spin value. We also show that this invariant measure presents exponential decay of correlations in space and in time and is therefore strongly mixing.Comment: 21 pages, 0 figure, revised version including a generalization to a larger class of models, structure of the arguments unchanged, minor changes suggested by reviewers, added reference

Daily life and demand: an analysis of intra-day variations in residential electricity consumption with time-use data

Demand-side flexibility has been suggested as a tool for peak demand reduction and large-scale integration of low-carbon electricity sources. Deeper insight into the activities and energy services performed in households could help to understand the scope and limitations of demand-side flexibility. Measuring and Evaluating Time- and Energy-use Relationships (METER) is a 5-year, UK-based research project and the first study to collect activity data and electricity use in parallel at this scale. We present statistical analyses of these new data, including more than 6250 activities reported by 450 individuals in 173 households, and their relationship to electricity use patterns. We use a regularization technique to select influential variables in regression models of average electricity use over a day and of discretionary use across 4-h time periods to compare intra-day variations. We find that dwelling and appliance variables show the strongest associations to average electricity consumption and can explain 49% of the variance in mean daily usage. For models of 4-h average “de-minned” consumption, we find that activity variables are consistently influential, both in terms of coefficient magnitudes and contributions to increased model explanatory power. Activities relating to food preparation and eating, household chores, and recreation show the strongest associations. We conclude that occupant activity data can advance our understanding of the temporal characteristics of electricity demand and inform approaches to shift or reduce it. We stress the importance of considering consumption as a function of time of day, and we use our findings to argue that a more nuanced understanding of this relationship can yield useful insights for residential demand flexibility

INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

It is considered problems of improving the organization’s internal control over financial reporting. It is also analyzed the procedure of the organization’s internal control over financial reporting, there are considered the main aspects of accounting financial results

FINANCIAL RESULTS FOR ACCOUNTING AND TAX ACCOUNTING PURPOSES

In the article the problems of convergence of accounting and tax accounting of financial results are considered. The way of recognizing income in formulating financial results is analyzed. Besides, main aspects of accounting and tax accounting of financial results were studied

INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

It is considered problems of improving the organization’s internal control over financial reporting. It is also analyzed the procedure of the organization’s internal control over financial reporting, there are considered the main aspects of accounting financial results

FINANCIAL RESULTS FOR ACCOUNTING AND TAX ACCOUNTING PURPOSES

In the article the problems of convergence of accounting and tax accounting of financial results are considered. The way of recognizing income in formulating financial results is analyzed. Besides, main aspects of accounting and tax accounting of financial results were studied

Challenges in Complex Systems Science

FuturICT foundations are social science, complex systems science, and ICT. The main concerns and challenges in the science of complex systems in the context of FuturICT are laid out in this paper with special emphasis on the Complex Systems route to Social Sciences. This include complex systems having: many heterogeneous interacting parts; multiple scales; complicated transition laws; unexpected or unpredicted emergence; sensitive dependence on initial conditions; path-dependent dynamics; networked hierarchical connectivities; interaction of autonomous agents; self-organisation; non-equilibrium dynamics; combinatorial explosion; adaptivity to changing environments; co-evolving subsystems; ill-defined boundaries; and multilevel dynamics. In this context, science is seen as the process of abstracting the dynamics of systems from data. This presents many challenges including: data gathering by large-scale experiment, participatory sensing and social computation, managing huge distributed dynamic and heterogeneous databases; moving from data to dynamical models, going beyond correlations to cause-effect relationships, understanding the relationship between simple and comprehensive models with appropriate choices of variables, ensemble modeling and data assimilation, modeling systems of systems of systems with many levels between micro and macro; and formulating new approaches to prediction, forecasting, and risk, especially in systems that can reflect on and change their behaviour in response to predictions, and systems whose apparently predictable behaviour is disrupted by apparently unpredictable rare or extreme events. These challenges are part of the FuturICT agenda

5′-Inositol phosphatase SHIP2 recruits Mena to stabilize invadopodia for cancer cell invasion

Invadopodia are specialized membrane protrusions that support degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by cancer cells, allowing invasion and metastatic spread. Although early stages of invadopodia assembly have been elucidated, little is known about maturation of invadopodia into structures competent for ECM proteolysis. The localized conversion of phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-triphosphate and accumulation of phosphatidylinositol(3,4)-bisphosphate at invadopodia is a key determinant for invadopodia maturation. Here we investigate the role of the 5′-inositol phosphatase, SHIP2, and reveal an unexpected scaffold function of SHIP2 as a prerequisite for invadopodia-mediated ECM degradation. Through biochemical and structure-function analyses, we identify specific interactions between SHIP2 and Mena, an Ena/VASP-family actin regulatory protein. We demonstrate that SHIP2 recruits Mena, but not VASP, to invadopodia and that disruption of SHIP2–Mena interaction in cancer cells leads to attenuated capacity for ECM degradation and invasion in vitro, as well as reduced metastasis in vivo. Together, these findings identify SHIP2 as a key modulator of carcinoma invasiveness and a target for metastatic disease