1,229 research outputs found

    Advances in targeted Alpha therapy for prostate cancer

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    BACKGROUND: Amongst therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, targeted alpha therapy (TαT) can deliver potent and local radiation selectively to cancer cells as well as the tumor microenvironment and thereby control cancer while minimizing toxicity. DESIGN: In this review, we discuss the history, progress, and future potential of TαT in the treatment of prostate cancer, including dosimetry-individualized treatment planning, combinations with small-molecule therapies, and conjugation to molecules directed against antigens expressed by prostate cancer cells, such as prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) or components of the tumor microenvironment. RESULTS: A clinical proof of concept that TαT is efficacious in treating bone-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer has been demonstrated by radium-223 via improved overall survival and long-term safety/tolerability in the phase III ALSYMPCA trial. Dosimetry calculation and pharmacokinetic measurements of TαT provide the potential for optimization and individualized treatment planning for a precision medicine-based cancer management paradigm. The ability to combine TαTs with other agents, including chemotherapy, androgen receptor (AR)-targeting agents, DNA repair inhibitors, and immuno-oncology agents, is under investigation. Currently, TαTs that specifically target prostate cancer cells expressing PSMA represents a promising therapeutic approach. Both PSMA-targeted actinium-225 and thorium-227 conjugates are under investigation. CONCLUSIONS: The described clinical benefit, safety and tolerability of radium-223 and the recent progress in TαT trial development suggest that TαT occupies an important new role in prostate cancer treatment. Ongoing studies with newer dosimetry methods, PSMA targeting, and novel approaches to combination therapies should expand the utility of TαT in prostate cancer treatment

    Validación del monitor de medición de la grasa corporal por impedancia bioeléctrica OMRON BF 300

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    ObjetivosValorar la precisión del monitor de grasa corporal por impedancia bioeléctrica OMRON BF 300 y validar su medición del porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) frente a la ecuación de Siri. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo, transversal.EmplazamientoAtención primaria. Centros de Salud Coronel de Palma y San Fernando, Móstoles.ParticipantesEn la valoración de la precisión del monitor participaron 88 personas y 91 en la validación.Mediciones y resultados principalesLas determinaciones de %GC se realizaron por triplicado, anotándose la media. La precisión se evaluó mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) y el coeficiente de variación (CV). La validez, mediante el error técnico, el CCI y el método de Bland-Altman. En la ecuación de Siri la densidad corporal se calculó con la ecuación de Durnin-Womersley. Precisión: el CCI fue de 0,999 y el CV de 0,4 ± 0,03. Validación: la diferencia de %GC monitor (26,6 ± 9,1%) – ecuación de Siri (27,8 ± 8,2%) fue de –1,27% (p < 0,01; IC del 95%, –1,97 a –0,57), el error técnico del monitor del 2,2% y el CCI de 0,956 (IC del 95%, 0,9335–0,9710), situándose un 80,2% de las diferencias monitor – ecuación por debajo del 5%, con un intervalo de concordancia por el método de Bland-Altman de +5,45 a –7,99%.ConclusionesEl monitor OMRON BF 300 satisface los criterios de precisión (CCI > 0,95 y CV bajo) y validación (error técnico excelente, CCI > 0,75 y diferencias clínicamente aceptables) y supone una alternativa válida a los pliegues cutáneos en la valoración nutricional del paciente.ObjectivesTo assess the accuracy of the OMRON BF 300 body fat monitor using bioelectric impedance and to validate its measurement of body fat percentage (BF%) against the Siri equation.DesignCross-sectional descriptive study.SettingPrimary care. Coronel de Palma and San Fernando Health Centres, Móstoles.Participants88 people took part in the assessment of the accuracy of the monitor, and 91 in the validation.Measurements and main resultsThe BF% were recorded in triplicate, with the mean being the figure noted. Precision was evaluated through the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and the coefficient of variation (CV); validity, through technical error, the ICC and the Bland-Altman method. In the Siri equation, body density was calculated through the Durnin-Womersley equation. Precision: ICC was 0.999 and CV 0.4 ± 0.03. Validation: the difference between the BF% monitor (26.6 ± 9.1%) and the Siri equation (27.8 ± 8.2%) was –1.27% (p < 0.01; 95% CI –1.97 to –0.57); the technical error of the monitor was 2.2% and of the ICC 0.956 (95% CI, 0.9335–0.9710). Thus, 80.2% of the monitor-equation differences were below 5%, with a concordance interval under the Bland-Altman method of +5.45 to –7.99%.ConclusionsThe OMRON BF 300 monitor satisfies the precision criteria (ICC > 0.95 and low CV) and validation (excellent technical error, ICC > 0.75 and clinically acceptable differences) and is a valid alternative to cutaneous folds as a method of assessing nutrition of the patient

    Benzyltrimethylammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate monohydrate

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    The title compound, C 10 H 16 N + H 2 PO 4 H 2 O, crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group P 2 1 / c with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. Therefore, nonlinear optical properties are absent. The crystal packing is governed by hydrogen bonds, so that the phosphate anions are linked head- to-tail, forming chains running parallel to the a direction. These chains in turn are interconnected by hydrogen bonds to water molecules, forming hydrogen-bonded molecular layers stacked parallel to the ab planeCICYT BFM2002-03327FEDE

    Spanish children's diet: compliance with nutrient and food intake guidelines

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    OBJECTIVE: To compare the diet of Spanish children against the nutrient and food intake guidelines. To calculate an index of overall diet quality and check its validity against nutrient intake. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in four cities in Spain, where information on food and nutrient intake was obtained from schoolchildren through a food frequency questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS: The sample included 1112 children (overall response rate of 85%) attending public and private schools and aged 6-7 y. Children were selected through random cluster sampling in schools, and stratified by sex and socioeconomic level. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean nutrient intake, number of food servings, and the percentage of children who meet recommended nutrient and food-serving intake levels. The overall dietary quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). RESULTS: Mean micronutrient intake exceeded 100% of the recommended dietary allowances, except for vitamin B6, which registered a mean intake of 77.1%. For almost all children, intake of saturated fat was above, and that of carbohydrate below, the recommended level, in contrast to the relatively high compliance with the recommendations for poly- and monounsaturated fatty acid, salt and fiber intake (69.7, 43.7, 40.7, and 30.1%, respectively). Consumption of food servings for each of the five American pyramid food groups came close to or exceeded USDA guidelines, with the exception of cereals, with 5.4 servings per day. The mean score obtained in the HEI was 64.6. Children who complied with all the food guide pyramid recommendations registered a higher dietary variety and a healthier nutritional profile. CONCLUSIONS: Children aged 6-7 y show scant compliance with the macronutrient goals for healthy eating. Micronutrient intake is adequate in general, yet there are small groups of children with risk of deficient intake of vitamins B6 and D. While Spanish children's eating habits are reasonably in line with American food guide pyramid guidelines, consumptions of cereals and fruit should be improved.This study was partly funded by grants from the Inter-national Olive Oil Board (Consejo Oleı ́cola Internacional),Comunidad de Madrid, Fundacio ́n Pedro Barrie ́de laMaza, and Fundacio ́n Eugenio Rodrı ́guez Pascua

    Food sources of nutrients in the diet of Spanish children: the Four Provinces Study

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    The aim of the present study was to assess the principal food sources of energy and nutrients among Spanish children. We used a cross-sectional study design, based on results obtained from a food-frequency questionnaire. The sample included 1112 children, aged 6-7 years, from Cadiz, Madrid, Orense and Murcia, Spain. Children were selected through random cluster-sampling in schools. We analysed the percentage contributed by each food item to total energy and nutrient intake. The most important food sources were: white bread in the case of carbohydrate (13.4 %); olive oil in the case of total lipids (18.3 %) and monounsaturated fatty acids (29.2 %); whole milk in the case of protein (10.2 %) and saturated fatty acids (14.9 %); chips (French fried potatoes) in the case of polyunsaturated fatty acids (30.4 %). The greatest proportion of Na, consumed in excess, came from salt added to meals. Ham ranked second as a source of saturated fats. Fruits and green leafy vegetables proved to have great relevance as sources of fibre and vitamins, though with regard to the latter, it was observed that fortified foods (breakfast cereals, dairy products, fruit juices, etc.) had come to play a relevant role in many cases. In conclusion, the nutritional profile of Spanish school-aged children aged 6-7 years could be improved by nutritional policies targeted at limiting their consumption of ham (cured or cooked) and of salt added to meals, replacing whole milk with semi-skimmed milk, encouraging the consumption of products rich in complex carbohydrates already present in children's diets (bread, pasta, rice) and promoting less fatty ways of cooking food.This study was partly funded by grants from the Inter-national Olive Oil Board (Consejo Oleı ́cola Internacional),Madrid Regional Authority (Comunidad de Madrid), PedroBarrie ́de la Maza Foundation and Eugenio Rodrı ́guezPascual FoundationS

    Greater dietary variety is associated with better biochemical nutritional status in Spanish children: the Four Provinces Study

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    BACKGROUND AND AIM: Although dietary variety has been associated with a better nutritional profile, its possible role in obesity raises doubts about its overall health benefits. In this study, we examined the association between dietary variety and anthropometric variables, food intake and various food intake biomarkers in Spanish children. METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a cross-sectional study of 1112 children aged 6-7 years from Cadiz, Murcia, Orense and Madrid, who were selected by means of the random cluster-sampling of schools. Information concerning food and nutrient intake was obtained using a food frequency questionnaire, and a dietary variety index (DVI) was calculated on the basis of the number of different foods consumed more than once a month. The anthropometric variables (weight and height), and plasma lipid and vitamin levels were determined using standardised methods. Our results show that the body mass index (BMI) did not vary substantially as a function of DVI: it was 16.9 in the lowest DVI tertile and 17.2 in the highest (p=0.20). Unlike BMI, the DVI positively correlated (p<0.05) with the plasma levels of alpha and beta-carotene, lycopene, retinol, alpha-tocopherol and vitamin E, with energy intake, and with most of the foods, particularly vegetables, fruit and sausages (respective correlation coefficients of 0.43, 0.26 and 0.23). CONCLUSIONS: Dietary variety is associated with a better food and nutritional profile in Spanish children. Nevertheless, the presence of a positive association between the DVI and energy intake, and the consumption of sausages and pre-cooked products calls for the recommendation of a varied diet of healthy foods, such as cereals (especially whole grains), fruits and vegetables

    First-Principles Study for the Anisotropy of Iron-based Superconductors toward Power and Device Applications

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    Performing the first-principles calculations, we investigate the anisotropy in the superconducting state of iron-based superconductors to gain an insight into their potential applications. The anisotropy ratio γλ\gamma_\lambda of the c-axis penetration depth to the ab-plane one is relatively small in BaFe2As2 and LiFeAs, i.e., γλ3\gamma_\lambda \sim 3, indicating that the transport applications are promising in these superconductors. On the other hand, in those having perovskite type blocking layers such as Sr2ScFePO3 we find a very large value, γλ200\gamma_\lambda \sim 200, comparable to that in strongly anisotropic high-Tc cuprate Bi2Sr2CaCu2O{8-\delta}. Thus, the intrinsic Josephson junction stacks are expected to be formed along the c-axis, and novel Josephson effects due to the multi-gap nature are also suggested in these superconductors.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

    Observation of Pulsed Gamma-rays Above 25 GeV from the Crab Pulsar with MAGIC

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    One fundamental question about pulsars concerns the mechanism of their pulsed electromagnetic emission. Measuring the high-end region of a pulsar's spectrum would shed light on this question. By developing a new electronic trigger, we lowered the threshold of the Major Atmospheric gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescope to 25 GeV. In this configuration, we detected pulsed gamma-rays from the Crab pulsar that were greater than 25 GeV, revealing a relatively high cutoff energy in the phase-averaged spectrum. This indicates that the emission occurs far out in the magnetosphere, hence excluding the polar-cap scenario as a possible explanation of our measurement. The high cutoff energy also challenges the slot-gap scenario.Comment: Slight modification of the analysis: Fitting a more general function to the combined data set of COMPTEL, EGRET and MAGIC. Final result and conclusion is unchange

    First bounds on the high-energy emission from isolated Wolf-Rayet binary systems

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    High-energy gamma-ray emission is theoretically expected to arise in tight binary star systems (with high mass loss and high velocity winds), although the evidence of this relationship has proven to be elusive so far. Here we present the first bounds on this putative emission from isolated Wolf-Rayet (WR) star binaries, WR 147 and WR 146, obtained from observations with the MAGIC telescope.Comment: (Authors are the MAGIC Collaboration.) Manuscript in press at The Astrophysical Journal Letter
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