Incidência e mortalidade por leucemia nos países do sul da europa em 2012

A incidência de leucemia é parcialmente explicada por exposição ambiental (Ferreira, Couto, Alves, Oliveira, & Koifman, 2012), mas a mortalidade reflete a qualidade e o acesso à terapêutica (Bertuccio et al., 2013). Comparar ocorrência de leucemia entre áreas geográficas permite levantar hipóteses sobre fatores que explicam heterogeneidade entre regiões. MÉTODOS Casos observados (incidentes e óbitos) e respetivas taxas (/100.000) para 2012 em cada um dos quatro países obtidos da IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO, 2016). Casos esperados (incidentes e óbitos) obtidos através de taxas da população Europeia com estratificação por género e faixa etária (0-14; 15-39; 40-64 e 65 ou mais anos) Razão Padronizada de Mortalidade (RPM) e da Razão Padronizada de Incidência (RPI) para cada país e respetivo intervalo de confiança a 95% (IC95%) pelo teste exato de Fisher. Taxas apresentadas por 100.000 CONCLUSÃO De acordo com os resultados há variabilidade geográfica na incidência e mortalidade por leucemia. Diferenças na incidência por leucemia entre estes quatro países sugerem uma combinação diferenciada de fatores genéticos e ambientais de acordo com o país. Relativamente à variabilidade geográfica para a mortalidade, os resultados sugerem a necessidade de equacionar a qualidade dos serviços de saúde de cada país relativamente à capacidade de tratamento, competência clínica e equidade no acesso aos cuidados. Avaliar a variabilidade na incidência e na mortalidade por leucemia observada em 2012 em quatro países do sul da Europa culturalmente próximos: Espanha, Portugal, Grécia e Itáliainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Delincuencia juvenil, moralidad y exclusión social: resultados preliminares del ISRD-3 en Oporto

En las últimas décadas el fenómeno de la delincuencia juvenil ha sido un tema de gran interés en la literatura criminológica. En este sentido se han desarrollado instrumentos propios para medir las “cifras negras” de delincuencia juvenil, además del comportamiento antisocial. El proyecto colaborativo International Self- Reported Delinquency surgió en la década de los 90 con el propósito de dar respuesta a esta necesidad, a través de un instrumento de auto-relato implementando en contexto escolar, además de posibilitar el estudio de diferentes teorías criminológicas explicativas, permitiendo comparaciones trasnacionales. Uno de las teorías introducidas en ésta última versión es la teoría de la acción situacional (Winström, 2006), según la cual todas las acciones son el resultado de una persona en contacto con el medio ambiente específico y los actos de violencia son comportamientos guiados por valores morales. Tomando en consideración esta teoría, es esperable que las reglas morales interfieran más sobre la delincuencia y comportamiento violento en jóvenes provenientes de ambientes marginales. Partiendo de esta hipótesis de estudio, serán presentados, los resultados preliminares del estudio ISRD-3 llevado a cabo en la ciudad de Oporto entre los meses de Octubre de 2015 y Mayo de 2016. A través de un análisis estadístico de los datos, se mostrará la influencia de la transmisión de valores morales y el autocontrol, en dos contextos diferentes; comparando los datos de jóvenes provenientes de centros educativos TEIP, o centros considerados de “intervención especial”, con el resto de jóvenes encuestados. Las conclusiones de estudio pueden servir para gestionar los riesgos de forma correcta y mejorar el impacto de las políticas de prevención en el campo de la educación.CIEC – Research Centre on Child Studies, IE, UMinho (FCT R&D unit 317), PortugalNational Funds through the FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology) and co-financed by European Regional Development Funds (FEDER) through the Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program (POCI) with the reference POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007562info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Microbial consortium increases maize productivity and reduces grain phosphorus concentration under field conditions

Background:The use of microbes that improve plant phosphorus (P) use efficiency is an avenue to boostcrop yields while alleviating environmental impacts. We tested three microbial inoculants (Rhizoglomusirregularealone – designated AMF;Pseudomonas putidaalone – designated PSB; andR. irregulareandP. putidain consortium – designated AMF+PSB), combined with chemical fertilizers, in an intensive maizeagricultural system.Results:As hypothesized: (i) despite the native soil microbial community and the application of P fertil-izer, the microbial inoculants enhanced plant P uptake from the soil by 14–60%, and consequentlyimproved P acquisition efficiency; (ii) PSB and AMF+PSB plants produced ±50% more biomass per unitof P taken up, and consequently enhanced plant internal P use efficiency (i.e. the biomass producedper unit of P); and (iii) the combined inoculation of AMF and PSB provided the best results in terms ofproductivity and P use efficiency. Further, the microbial inoculants altered P allocation within the plant,reducing grain P concentration.Conclusion:By testing the microbial inoculants under field conditions, our study clearly shows that themicrobial consortium (AMF+PSB) increased maize productivity, and at the same time improved P use effi-ciency. Further, the use of these microbial inoculants was shown to be compatible with conventionalagricultural management practices.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Analysing the relationship between immigrant status and the severity of offending behaviour in terms of individual and contextual factors

Background: Social inclusion is a context for both risk and protective factors of migrant youth delinquency. This study aims to shed light on the issue by comparing delinquency amongst native, first-generation, and second-generation immigrant youths in Portugal, a country located in the south of Europe, an area where research in this field is still scarce. Methods: The research is based on the International Self-Reported Delinquency (ISRD-3) dataset, which includes information on over 4,000 adolescents, who self-reported on their socio-demographic status, leisure activities, school and neighbourhood environment, family bonds, and self-control. Results: Nested Logistic Regression analyses showed that a young first-generation immigrant is twice as likely to commit a crime, with or without violence, as a young native born in Portugal. However, no differences were found regarding the prevalence of delinquency amongst second-generation immigrants and natives, which is likely due to the integration and cultural assimilation of the immigrant over time. Regarding the analysed risk factors, it was found that both structural and individual factors, identified by the theories of control, stress, as well as situational action theory, have a direct effect on the commission of juvenile crimes (both non-violent and violent). Moreover, this effect is significant in adolescents living in Portugal in general, both immigrants and natives. The most influential variable for both types of delinquent behaviour, with and without violence, is peer delinquency, followed by low morality and self-control. Conclusion: These findings have relevant policy implications and are useful for evidence-based interventions aimed at promoting migrant adolescent well-being and targeting host countries’ performance.This work was supported by the Research Centre in Political Science (UID/CPO/00758/2013), University of Minho, supported by the FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology), and the Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science through national funds, and by the Research Centre on Child Studies (CIEC) financially supported by Portuguese national funds through the FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology) within the framework of the CIEC projects under the references UIDB/00317/2020 and UIDP/00317/2020

Transcriptional organization and regulation of the Pseudomonas putida K1 type VI secretion system gene cluster

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is an antimicrobial molecular weapon that is widespread in Proteobacteria and offers competitive advantages to T6SS-positive micro-organisms. Three T6SSs have recently been described in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and it has been shown that one, K1-T6SS, is used to outcompete a wide range of phytopathogens, protecting plants from pathogen infections. Given the relevance of this system as a powerful and innovative mechanism of biological control, it is critical to understand the processes that govern its expression. Here, we experimentally defined two transcriptional units in the K1-T6SS cluster. One encodes the structural components of the system and is transcribed from two adjacent promoters. The other encodes two hypothetical proteins, the tip of the system and the associated adapters, and effectors and cognate immunity proteins, and it is also transcribed from two adjacent promoters. The four identified promoters contain the typical features of σ70-dependent promoters. We have studied the expression of the system under different conditions and in a number of mutants lacking global regulators. P. putida K1-T6SS expression is induced in the stationary phase, but its transcription does not depend on the stationary σ factor RpoS. In fact, the expression of the system is indirectly repressed by RpoS. Furthermore, it is also repressed by RpoN and the transcriptional regulator FleQ, an enhancer-binding protein typically acting in conjunction with RpoN. Importantly, expression of the K1-T6SS gene cluster is positively regulated by the GacS–GacA two-component regulatory system (TCS) and repressed by the RetS sensor kinase, which inhibits this TCS. Our findings identified a complex regulatory network that governs T6SS expression in general and P. putida K1-T6SS in particular, with implications for controlling and manipulating a bacterial agent that is highly relevant in biological control

Minimax Theorem and Nash Equilibrium

Two important results in Economics, the Minimax Theorem and the Nash Equilibrium are presented together with their mathematical fundaments. The results are obtained in the field of Functional Analysis

Delinquency in Portugal - numbers, explanations and challenges to intervention

Introdução: A delinquência juvenil em Portugal constitui um fenómeno com uma expressão social global moderada, suscitando, contudo, preocupações relevantes do ponto de vista psicossocial, jurídico-legal e de segurança. A monitorização da sua prevalência e manifestações, a compreensão das condições em que ocorre, a eficácia da sua prevenção e a adequação das formas de intervenção são questões de debate entre as entidades competentes. Metodologia: Este painel reúne diferentes especialistas, com experiência na investigação e avaliação do fenómeno, junto da população jovem em contexto escolar, de grupos de risco e dos jovens com medidas tutelares educativas aplicadas, nomeadamente a medida de internamento. Resultados: Fazendo-se uma breve caraterização do fenómeno nos três grupos populacionais referidos, são apresentadas e discutidas as medidas atualmente aplicadas e a sua adequação ao perfil de necessidades destes jovens. Conclusões: A elevada prevalência de jovens em risco ou em situação de desproteção entre aqueles que cometem crimes permite constatar a sobreposição e continuidade dos fatores de risco e a necessidade de intervenção nos mesmos, assim como de adequação das medidas de proteção e de promoção dos direitos para correção das trajetórias desviantes, a montante do cometimento do crime, e de acompanhamento psicossocial, a jusante.introduction: Juvenile delinquency in Portugal is, generally speaking, a phenomenon with a moderate social expression, arousing, however, relevant concerns both from psychosocial and legal points of view, as well as from a security perspective. Monitoring its prevalence and manifestations, understanding the conditions in which it occurs and the effectiveness of intervention are issues of debate between the competent authorities. methodology: This panel brings together experts with experience in research and evaluation of this phenomenon, among young people in schools, risk groups and young people subject to juvenile court proceedings, particularly, internment measures. results: After a brief characterization of the phenomenon in these three population groups, we discuss legal and psychosocial intervention and their appropriateness to the profile of needs of these youngsters. conclusions: The high prevalence of young people at risk between those who commit crimes allows us to verify the overlap and continuity of the same risk factors and the need to effectively intervene early in the life course, as well as the need for appropriate protective measures to correct deviant paths before the commission of crime and, after having been committed, the need for psychosocial supportCIEC - Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, IE, UMinho (UI 317 da FCT), Portugal; Fundos Nacionais através da FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) e cofinanciado pelo Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) através do COMPETE 2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) com a referência POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007562info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Juvenile Justice in Portugal: How are self-report studies measuring up to official delinquency estimates

This paper empirically discusses the evolution and status of the self-report method in assessing delinquent behavior in Portugal. This paper addresses the methodological criticisms of self-report research and the question of the consistency between self-reported data and official estimates of delinquent behavior in the context of a particular national setting. We review the specific methodological criticisms of self-report delinquency research and the validity and reliability of self-report measures. Using a particular national setting and data from samples of youngsters, we seek to review and compare findings of previous self-report research in Portugal with official data. Have self-report measures been reflective of delinquent involvement? How have any discrepancies between to the two types of delinquency data evolved? The frequency and seriousness of self-reported delinquent behavior are analyzed for differences among several socio-demographic and socio-economic over time. These data are then compared with data on self-reported police contacts and with data found in police and court records.CIEC – Research Centre on Child Studies, IE, UMinho (FCT R&D unit 317), Portugal; National Funds through the FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology) and co-financed by European Regional Development Funds (FEDER) through the Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program (POCI) with the reference POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007562info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio