Maintaining (locus of) control? : Assessing the impact of locus of control on education decisions and wages

This paper establishes that individuals with an internal locus of control, i.e., who believe that reinforcement in life comes from their own actions instead of being determined by luck or destiny, earn higher wages. However, this positive effect only translates into labor income via the channel of education. Factor structure models are implemented on an augmented data set coming from two different samples. By so doing, we are able to correct for potential biases that arise due to reverse causality and spurious correlation, and to investigate the impact of premarket locus of control on later outcomes

One thousand plant transcriptomes and the phylogenomics of green plants

Abstract: Green plants (Viridiplantae) include around 450,000–500,000 species1, 2 of great diversity and have important roles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here, as part of the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative, we sequenced the vegetative transcriptomes of 1,124 species that span the diversity of plants in a broad sense (Archaeplastida), including green plants (Viridiplantae), glaucophytes (Glaucophyta) and red algae (Rhodophyta). Our analysis provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining the evolution of green plants. Most inferred species relationships are well supported across multiple species tree and supermatrix analyses, but discordance among plastid and nuclear gene trees at a few important nodes highlights the complexity of plant genome evolution, including polyploidy, periods of rapid speciation, and extinction. Incomplete sorting of ancestral variation, polyploidization and massive expansions of gene families punctuate the evolutionary history of green plants. Notably, we find that large expansions of gene families preceded the origins of green plants, land plants and vascular plants, whereas whole-genome duplications are inferred to have occurred repeatedly throughout the evolution of flowering plants and ferns. The increasing availability of high-quality plant genome sequences and advances in functional genomics are enabling research on genome evolution across the green tree of life

Randomized split-mouth study for evaluating the efficacy of nimesulide and nimesulide plus Thiocolchicoside combination following impacted mandibular third molar surgery

Background and Aim: This study aimed to evaluate acute postoperative pain management and trismus in 35 patients undergoing extractions of the two mandibular third molars, in mesioangular positions, at two different visits who consumed nimesulide + thiocolchicoside or only nimesulide. Material and Methods: According to the medication given, the patients were divided into two groups. Following the first surgery of the impacted third molar patients were given nimesulide (100 mg) + thiocolchicoside (8 mg) together. The healing period was waited for 15 days and in the poursuite of the second surgery, only nimesulide (100 mg) was administered every 12 hours for 7 days. Visual analog scales (VAS) were used to assess the pain in the 6th, 8th, 12th, 24th, and 48th hours and on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days postoperatively. Digital calipers were used to measure (in mm) the mouth opening capacity pre and postoperatively on the 2nd and 7th days, respectively. Results: Regarding pain alleviation, the nimesulide + thiocolchicoside group was more effective than the nimesulide group. The VAS levels of nimesulide + thiocolchicoside at the 6th, 8th, 12th, 24th, and 48th hours and on the 3rd and 5th days were significantly lower than the nimesulide group. The mouth opening was observed higher in the nimesulide + thiocolchicoside group than in the nimesulide group (P > 0.05). In the nimesulide group, at the end of the 7th day, the trismus measurements were less than the preoperative measurements. There was no statistically significant difference in the Nimesulide + Thiocolchicoside group in the preop-7th days. Conclusion: Nimesulide (100 mg) + thiocolchicoside (8 mg) combination has higher analgesic efficacy and better trismus outcomes compared to only nimesulide (100 mg) when orally administered following mandibular third molar surgeries

Tutun Urunlerinde Ozel Tuketim Vergisi Uygulamasi

[TR] Bu notta tutun urunlerinden alinan dolayli vergilerin hesaplanma yontemi ve bu yontemin nihai tuketici fiyatlari uzerine etkileri incelenmektedir. Tutun urunlerinden alinan dolayli vergiler Katma Deger Vergisi (KDV) ile Ozel Tuketim Vergisidir (OTV). OTV’nin hesaplanis bicimi zaman icinde degisirken, guncel uygulamada OTV tutari, belirli maktu tutardan az olmamak kosuluyla nihai urun fiyatinin nispi bir orani olarak hesaplanmaktadir. Bu uygulama ile tutun urunleri OTV’ye tabi diger urunlerden farklilasmaktadir. Son donemde TUFE’de yer alan tutun urunleri fiyat seviyeleri bakimindan buyuk olcude nispi hesaplamaya tabi olmaktadir. Bu durumda, OTV orani ile nihai tuketici fiyati arasindaki dogrusal olmayan iliski neticesinde nispi OTV oranin seviyesi yukseldikce, orandaki her bir birimlik artis nihai tuketici fiyatlarini oncekine kiyasla daha yuksek oranda artirmaktadir. Dolayisiyla, tutun urunlerinde OTV ayarlamasi yapilirken bu noktanin dikkate alinmasi onemlidir. Bu notta ayrica tutun urunlerindeki OTV uygulamasinin kronolojik gelisimi de sunulmaktadir. [EN] In this note methodology of indirect taxes on tobacco products along with its implications on final consumer prices is analyzed. Two indirect taxes are exercised on tobacco products: Value Added Tax (VAT) and Special Consumption Tax (SCT). SCT methodology has been changed several times, while currently the SCT tax is calculated as a proportion of the final consumer price on condition that it is not less than the fixed amount. In this manner, tobacco products differentiate from rest of the products subject to SCT. Recently, tobacco products included in the CPI basket are mostly subject to proportional rate. In this regard, owing to the non-linear relation between the SCT rate and final consumer price, as the level of the proportional rate increase, any unit increase of the rate rises the final prices more than the previous one. Consequently, this point should be taken into consideration when the SCT rates for tobacco products are adjusted. In this note the chronology of the changes made to SCT on tobacco products is also presented.

Computed tomography-guided percutaneous catheter drainage of primary and secondary iliopsoas abscesses

AIM: To report our experience with computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) of iliopsoas abscesses