La escuela, un vehículo para la introducción de tecnologías alternativas en un contexto de participación comunitaria

En la siguiente presentación, expondremos los principales ejes del proyecto de extensión, "La escuela, un vehículo para la introducción de tecnologías alternativas en un contexto de participación comunitaria". Este consiste en la realización de una experiencia piloto en una escuela del Delta Bonaerense, que permita la recuperación y el perfeccionamiento de las formas tradicionales de producción, mediante la introducción y difusión de tecnologías alternativas, con especial énfasis en el aprovechamiento de la energía solar, favoreciendo de esta manera el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias productivas. Un componente fundamental para la ejecución de dicha experiencia es la elaboración y propuesta a la comunidad de un menú tecnológico que estará sujeto a la constante evaluación y revisión critica por parte de la población receptora. En este sentido, se plantea la puesta en práctica de un concepto innovador de participación social, que este presente en todas las etapas del proyecta (diagnóstico, ejecución y monitorco). De aquí que la presente ponencia enfatize los aspectos metodológicos que dicho concepto de participación social introduce en el proceso de transferencia tecnológica a realizar.Tema: Educación en Energías Renovables.Asociación Argentina de Energía Sola

La escuela, un vehículo para la introducción de tecnologías alternativas en un contexto de participación comunitaria

En la siguiente presentación, expondremos los principales ejes del proyecto de extensión, "La escuela, un vehículo para la introducción de tecnologías alternativas en un contexto de participación comunitaria". Este consiste en la realización de una experiencia piloto en una escuela del Delta Bonaerense, que permita la recuperación y el perfeccionamiento de las formas tradicionales de producción, mediante la introducción y difusión de tecnologías alternativas, con especial énfasis en el aprovechamiento de la energía solar, favoreciendo de esta manera el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias productivas. Un componente fundamental para la ejecución de dicha experiencia es la elaboración y propuesta a la comunidad de un menú tecnológico que estará sujeto a la constante evaluación y revisión critica por parte de la población receptora. En este sentido, se plantea la puesta en práctica de un concepto innovador de participación social, que este presente en todas las etapas del proyecta (diagnóstico, ejecución y monitorco). De aquí que la presente ponencia enfatize los aspectos metodológicos que dicho concepto de participación social introduce en el proceso de transferencia tecnológica a realizar.Tema: Educación en Energías Renovables.Asociación Argentina de Energía Sola

Comparison of two disaster drills' management performed by trained and not-trained students: key times evaluation

Introduction The aim of this report is to compare two disaster exercises' management of students with different backgrounds. To our knowledge nobody has ever compared two exercises, probably because of the difficulty in their evaluation. We implemented a tool for an objective evaluation [1] and we used it for this purpose. Methods Both drills represented a ceiling collapse over a crowded room with a similar amount of casualties and similar severity index. The START triage system was used. The trained students (T) were attending the European Master in Disaster Medicine (EMDM), while the not-trained students (NT) were at the beginning of an introductory course in disaster medicine. During the exercises we recorded key victim-provider interaction times [2] using victim-based data collection. Each victim had their own data card to record triage and time information. Results In this preliminary report we present data regarding the scene length of stay (LOS) and triage to collecting area/advanced medical post time (T-AMP). The LOS was 67.5 (50.0 to 111.0) minutes (25 to 75 IQR) for T as compared with 145.0 (110.0 to 150.0) minutes (25 to 75 IQR) for NT (P < 0.001). Stratification according to assigned triage code showed no difference for high-priority codes (reds and yellows) as opposed to the green code (55.0 (47.0 to 75.0) minutes for T vs 145.0 (141.0 to 155.0) minutes for NT with P < 0.01). T-AMP was 10.0 (3.0 to 34.5) minutes for T as compared with 63.5 (19.5 to 104.3) minutes for NT (P < 0.001). Stratification according to triage code showed no difference for red codes between T and NT but showed a difference for yellow codes (36.5 (15.0 to 82.0) vs 71.0 (30.0 to 99.0) minutes) and green codes (7.0 (3.0 to 12.0) vs 85.0 (17.3 to 115.0) minutes) with P < 0.01. Conclusions Both teams evacuated red codes before the yellow ones in similar time. T-AMP was shorter considering global, yellow and green codes for T as opposed to NT. Global and green LOS was also shorter in the T group as opposed to NT. Training seems to influence global exercise management, less affecting red codes but with an impact on yellow and green evacuation strategies

Lung response to prone positioning in mechanically-ventilated patients with COVID-19

Background: Prone positioning improves survival in moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) unrelated to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This benefit is probably mediated by a decrease in alveolar collapse and hyperinflation and a more homogeneous distribution of lung aeration, with fewer harms from mechanical ventilation. In this preliminary physiological study we aimed to verify whether prone positioning causes analogue changes in lung aeration in COVID-19. A positive result would support prone positioning even in this other population. Methods: Fifteen mechanically-ventilated patients with COVID-19 underwent a lung computed tomography in the supine and prone position with a constant positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) within three days of endotracheal intubation. Using quantitative analysis, we measured the volume of the non-aerated, poorly-aerated, well-aerated, and over-aerated compartments and the gas-to-tissue ratio of the ten vertical levels of the lung. In addition, we expressed the heterogeneity of lung aeration with the standardized median absolute deviation of the ten vertical gas-to-tissue ratios, with lower values indicating less heterogeneity. Results: By the time of the study, PEEP was 12 (10–14)&nbsp;cmH2O and the PaO2:FiO2 107 (84–173)&nbsp;mmHg in the supine position. With prone positioning, the volume of the non-aerated compartment decreased by 82 (26–147)&nbsp;ml, of the poorly-aerated compartment increased by 82 (53–174) ml, of the normally-aerated compartment did not significantly change, and of the over-aerated compartment decreased by 28 (11–186)&nbsp;ml. In eight (53%) patients, the volume of the over-aerated compartment decreased more than the volume of the non-aerated compartment. The gas-to-tissue ratio of the ten vertical levels of the lung decreased by 0.34 (0.25–0.49)&nbsp;ml/g per level in the supine position and by 0.03 (− 0.11 to 0.14) ml/g in the prone position (p &lt; 0.001). The standardized median absolute deviation of the gas-to-tissue ratios of those ten levels decreased in all patients, from 0.55 (0.50–0.71) to 0.20 (0.14–0.27) (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: In fifteen patients with COVID-19, prone positioning decreased alveolar collapse, hyperinflation, and homogenized lung aeration. A similar response has been observed in other ARDS, where prone positioning improves outcome. Therefore, our data provide a pathophysiological rationale to support prone positioning even in COVID-19

Including debris cover effects in a distributed model of glacier ablation

Distributed glacier melt models generally assume that the glacier surface consists of bare exposed ice and snow. In reality, many glaciers are wholly or partially covered in layers of debris that tend to suppress ablation rates. In this paper, an existing physically based point model for the ablation of debris-covered ice is incorporated in a distributed melt model and applied to Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland, which has three large patches of debris cover on its surface. The model is based on a 10 m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the area; each glacier pixel in the DEM is defined as either bare or debris-covered ice, and may be covered in snow that must be melted off before ice ablation is assumed to occur. Each debris-covered pixel is assigned a debris thickness value using probability distributions based on over 1000 manual thickness measurements. Locally observed meteorological data are used to run energy balance calculations in every pixel, using an approach suitable for snow, bare ice or debris-covered ice as appropriate. The use of the debris model significantly reduces the total ablation in the debris-covered areas, however the precise reduction is sensitive to the temperature extrapolation used in the model distribution because air near the debris surface tends to be slightly warmer than over bare ice. Overall results suggest that the debris patches, which cover 10% of the glacierized area, reduce total runoff from the glacierized part of the basin by up to 7%

A microRNA prognostic signature in patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas through non-invasive liquid biopsy

Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) originate in the thalamus, brainstem, cerebellum and spine. This entity includes tumors that infiltrate the pons, called diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs), with a rapid onset and devastating neurological symptoms. Since surgical removal in DIPGs is not feasible, the purpose of this study was to profile circulating miRNA expression in DIPG patients in an effort to identify a non-invasive prognostic signature with clinical impact. Using a high-throughput platform, miRNA expression was profiled in serum samples collected at the time of MRI diagnosis and prior to radiation and/or systemic therapy from 47 patients enrolled in clinical studies, combining nimotuzumab and vinorelbine with concomitant radiation. With progression-free survival as the primary endpoint, a semi-supervised learning approach was used to identify a signature that was also tested taking overall survival as the clinical endpoint. A signature comprising 13 circulating miRNAs was identified in the training set (n = 23) as being able to stratify patients by risk of disease progression (log-rank p = 0.00014; HR = 7.99, 95% CI 2.38–26.87). When challenged in a separate validation set (n = 24), it confirmed its ability to predict progression (log-rank p = 0.00026; HR = 5.51, 95% CI 2.03–14.9). The value of our signature was also confirmed when overall survival was considered (log-rank p = 0.0021, HR = 4.12, 95% CI 1.57–10.8). We have identified and validated a prognostic marker based on the expression of 13 circulating miRNAs that can shed light on a patient’s risk of progression. This is the first demonstration of the usefulness of nucleic acids circulating in the blood as powerful, easy-to-assay molecular markers of disease status in DIPG. This study provides Class II evidence that a signature based on 13 circulating miRNAs is associated with the risk of disease progression

A microRNA prognostic signature in patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas through non-Invasive liquid biopsy

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a neuro-radiologically defined tumor of the brainstem, primarily affecting children, with most diagnoses occurring between 5 and 7 years of age. Surgical removal in DIPGs is not feasible. Subsequent tumor progression is almost universal and no biomarker for predicting the course of the disease has entered into clinical practice so far. Under these premises, it is essential to develop reliable biomarkers that are able to improve outcomes and stratify patients using non-invasive methods to determine tumor profiles. We designed a study assessing circulating miRNA expression by a high-throughput platform and divided patients into training and validation phases in order to disclose a potential signature with clinical impact. Our results for the first time have proved the usefulness of blood-circulating nucleic acids as powerful, easy-to-assay molecular markers of disease status in DIPG. ABSTRACT: Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) originate in the thalamus, brainstem, cerebellum and spine. This entity includes tumors that infiltrate the pons, called diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs), with a rapid onset and devastating neurological symptoms. Since surgical removal in DIPGs is not feasible, the purpose of this study was to profile circulating miRNA expression in DIPG patients in an effort to identify a non-invasive prognostic signature with clinical impact. Using a high-throughput platform, miRNA expression was profiled in serum samples collected at the time of MRI diagnosis and prior to radiation and/or systemic therapy from 47 patients enrolled in clinical studies, combining nimotuzumab and vinorelbine with concomitant radiation. With progression-free survival as the primary endpoint, a semi-supervised learning approach was used to identify a signature that was also tested taking overall survival as the clinical endpoint. A signature comprising 13 circulating miRNAs was identified in the training set (n = 23) as being able to stratify patients by risk of disease progression (log-rank p = 0.00014; HR = 7.99, 95% CI 2.38–26.87). When challenged in a separate validation set (n = 24), it confirmed its ability to predict progression (log-rank p = 0.00026; HR = 5.51, 95% CI 2.03–14.9). The value of our signature was also confirmed when overall survival was considered (log-rank p = 0.0021, HR = 4.12, 95% CI 1.57–10.8). We have identified and validated a prognostic marker based on the expression of 13 circulating miRNAs that can shed light on a patient’s risk of progression. This is the first demonstration of the usefulness of nucleic acids circulating in the blood as powerful, easy-to-assay molecular markers of disease status in DIPG. This study provides Class II evidence that a signature based on 13 circulating miRNAs is associated with the risk of disease progression

Changes in glaciers in the Swiss Alps and impact on basin hydrology: Current state of the art and future research

Switzerland is one of the countries with some of the longest and best glaciological data sets. Its glaciers and their changes in response to climate have been extensively investigated, and the number and quality of related studies are notable. However, a comprehensive review of glacier changes and their impact on the hydrology of glacierised catchments for Switzerland is missing and we use the opportunity provided by the EU-FP7 ACQWA project to review the current state of knowledge about past changes and future projections. We examine the type of models that have been applied to infer glacier evolution and identify knowledge gaps that should be addressed in future research in addition to those indicated in previous publications. Common characteristics in long-term series of projected future glacier runoff are an initial peak followed by a decline, associated with shifts in seasonality, earlier melt onset and reduced summer runoff. However, the quantitative predictions are difficult to compare, as studies differ in terms of model structure, calibration strategies, input data, temporal and spatial resolution as well as future scenarios used for impact studies. We identify two sources of uncertainties among those emerging from recent research, and use simulations over four glaciers to: i) quantify the importance of the correct extrapolation of air temperature, and ii) point at the key role played by debris cover in modulating glacier response