Faraday rotation measurement method and apparatus

A method and device for measuring Faraday rotation of a received RF signal is described. A simultaneous orthogonal polarization receiver compensates for a 3 db loss due to splitting of a received signal into left circular and right circular polarization channels. The compensation is achieved by RF and modulation arraying utilizing a specific receiver array which also detects and measures Faraday rotation in the presence or absence of spin stabilization effects on a linear polarization vector. Either up-link or down-link measurement of Faraday rotation is possible. Specifically, the Faraday measurement apparatus utilized in conjunction with the specific receiver array provides a means for comparing the phase of a reference signal in the receiver array to the phase of a tracking loop signal related to the incoming signal, and comparing the phase of the reference signal to the phase of the tracking signal shifted in phase by 90 degrees. The averaged and unaveraged signals, are compared, the phase changes between the two signals being related to Faraday rotation

Performance characteristics for an array of two receiving systems with equal apertures and enhanced radio frequency carrier margin improvement

Enhanced radio frequency carrier margin improvement for arrayed receiving systems for coherent reception of phase modulated signals with residual carrier provides a significant reduction in carrier loop phase noise and an increase in the signal to noise ratio in the RF carrier tracking loop with an attendant in telemetry radio loss. A significant increase in doppler frequency rate capability is also realized relative to operating at a narrower tracking loop bandwidth to obtain the same carrier sensitivity improvement. These performance characteristics are examined for an array of two receiving sysems with equal apertures and statistically independent prediction noise

Modular space station mockup review and evaluation

The modular space station mockup is described in detail with emphasis on the interior arrangements of the crew living spaces, control center, and general purpose laboratory facilities. The results of three mockup reviews are also presented

Staying Power

Using a wide-angle lens spanning three decades, the author proposes that a 1991 OJELA article has “staying power” in the field. Its original purpose—to celebrate the highly recursive revision and personal voice of Emily, a high school junior—is still relevant today, nearly thirty years after the fact. In other words, Emily (who must be nearly 50!) can still vividly model revision strategies and habits of mind with the power to enlarge our own students’ writerly horizons, bolster their rhetorical confidence, and accelerate their literacy growth. However, English teachers today can do more than value the original purpose; they can broaden and extend that purpose in new and remarkable directions, particularly in light of an important English Education development: an emerging interest in nuanced thesis statements and arguments

Skin Cancer Types and the Effectiveness of Mohs Surgery Against Them

Skin cancer is the number one form of cancer around the world today. It affects people of all races, and discriminates no one when it comes to how deadly it can become when it metastasizes. As rates of skin cancer continue to increase year after year, research is being conducted at a very high rate on possible treatments for this disease. Understanding the three basic types of skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma gives a wary victim of skin cancer a guide for what they are dealing with as they progress through possible treatment. There are a variety of types of treatments in modern medicine, many of them being experimental and relying on fresh research. While new research is being introduced at a high pace, the most effective type of treatment there is against non-melanoma skin cancer is Mohs surgery, a type of surgical excision developed in the 1930s. This surgery has been the foundation of effective treatment research against skin cancer for going on ninety years, and still today is more cost effective, less time consuming, and produces better results than any type of modern surgical excision for non-melanoma skin cancers

The Effectiveness of Yoga in Preventing and Managing Back Pain

In this Doctorate of Nursing Practice-Family Nurse Practitioner (DNP-FNP) scholarly project, a yoga program was developed and implemented to educate how the practice of yoga can be utilized to manage or prevent back pain in nurses. Back pain in nurses is a common condition that can cause nurses to become unable to work and ultimately affect the nursing work unit. The practice of yoga has gained popularity in Western culture for improving health and back pain. A review of the recent research literature from 2000- 2015 that investigated back pain in nurses, back pain management, treatment, and yoga, is provided to determine if yoga could be utilized as an effective modality for back pain management. Jean Watson’s Human Caring Science theory of nursing was the theoretical framework used to help guide the exploration of this topic. Seven of the eight DNP Essentials set forth by the AACN were directly fulfilled through this project and are explained. The implications and importance this project has for the clinical work of an Integrative Family Nurse Practitioner are provided

Constrained action selection in children with developmental coordination disorder

The effect of advance (‘precue’) information on short aiming movements was explored in adults, high school children, and primary school children with and without developmental coordination disorder (n = 10, 14, 16, 10, respectively). Reaction times in the DCD group were longer than in the other groups and were more influenced by the extent to which the precue constrained the possible action space. In contrast, reaction time did not alter as a function of precue condition in adults. Children with DCD showed greater inaccuracy of response (despite the increased RT). We suggest that the different precue effects reflect differences in the relative benefits of priming an action prior to definitive information about the movement goal. The benefits are an interacting function of the task and the skill level of the individual. Our experiment shows that children with DCD gain a benefit from advance preparation in simple aiming movements, highlighting their low skill levels. This result suggests that goal-directed RTs may have diagnostic potential within the clinic

The Work, The Worker And The Machine: Learning Through Communities Of Practice In Manufacturing

This study examined the learning process associated with problem solving contexts among manufacturing workers. Using a modified critical incident method, we interviewed twenty machine operators from three organizations about problems they encountered in work. The findings suggest that learning is mediated through a triadic, dialogical relationship of the worker, the work, and his or her machine. The ongoing process of becoming a machine operator is embedded in these relationships and within a broader community of practice. Recent changes in the nature of work and the workplace are renewing emphasis on workrelated learning. Many of these changes are being implemented to help organizations remain competitive. Organizations are using formal training programs to help their workers address this need. As Rowden (1966), suggests, “a literate, educated, inquisitive, problem solving workforce is essential to the survival and competitiveness of business and industry” (p.3). The U.S. industry spends more than $120 billion annually on formal training programs and related costs (Day, 1998). Yet, the effectiveness of such training programs remains in question. Only a small minority of workers regard the knowledge and skills they gained through employers’ training programs as important (Livingstone, 2001). Furthermore, craftsman, laborers and operators are not able to use their skills and abilities within their work and are dissatisfied with opportunities to improve their skills (NRC, 1999; Freeman, 1999). Such studies raise questions about the applicability of formal workplace education and training to what it is that workers need to know. Nowhere is this problem more evident than in the relatively new area of training for problem solving among front line manufacturing workers. As the limitations of formal training for problem solving have become increasingly apparent, more attention has turned to informal learning in the workplace and the role that the work context itself plays in developing requisite knowledge and skills among manufacturing workers. In this study, we focus on workers’ experiences of problems within the context of their work and how these contexts foster their learning and development

Modular space station phase B extension preliminary system design. Volume 2: Operations and crew analyses

All analyses and tradeoffs conducted to establish the MSS operations and crew activities are discussed. The missions and subsystem integrated analyses that were completed to assure compatibility of program elements and consistency with program objectives are presented