Sublittoral soft bottom communities and diversity of Mejillones Bay in northern Chile (Humboldt Current upwelling system)

The macrozoobenthos of Mejillones Bay (23°S; Humboldt Current) was quantitatively investigated over a 7-year period from austral summer 1995/1996 to winter 2002. About 78 van Veen grab samples taken at six stations (5, 10, 20 m depth) provided the basis for the analysis of the distribution of 60 species and 28 families of benthic invertebrates, as well as of their abundance and biomass. Mean abundance (2,119 individuals m-2) was in the same order compared to a previous investigation; mean biomass (966 g formalin wet mass m-2), however, exceeded prior estimations mainly due to the dominance of the bivalve Aulacomya ater. About 43% of the taxa inhabited the complete depth range. Mean taxonomic Shannon diversity (H', Log e) was 1.54 ± 0.58 with a maximum at 20 m (1.95 ± 0.33); evenness increased with depth. The fauna was numerically dominated by carnivorous gastropods, polychaetes and crustaceans (48%). About 15% of the species were suspensivorous, 13% sedimentivorous, 11% detritivorous, 7% omnivorous and 6% herbivorous. Cluster analyses showed a significant difference between the shallow and the deeper stations. Gammarid amphipods and the polychaete family Nephtyidae characterized the 5-mzone, the molluscs Aulacomya ater, Mitrella unifasciata and gammarids the intermediate zone, while the gastropod Nassarius gayi and the polychaete family Nereidae were most prominent at the deeper stations. The communities of the three depth zones did not appear to be limited by hypoxia during non-El Niño conditions. Therefore, no typical change in community structure occurred during El Niño 1997–1998, in contrast to what was observed for deeper faunal assemblages and hypoxic bays elsewhere in the coastal Humboldt Current system

Reptiles y aves del Distrito de Manejo Integrado Cabo Manglares Bajo Mira-Frontera, Pacífico colombiano

We evaluated the diversity of reptiles and birds in the Distrito de Manejo Integrado de Cabo Manglares Bajo Mira-Frontera, department of Nariño, Colombia, through samplings carried out in November 2018. We carried out time-constrained searches for reptiles, and free route and observation points for birds. We obtained 25 records of reptiles, belonging to three orders, 17 families, 23 genera and 24 species. For birds, we recorded 179 individuals, belonging to 16 orders, 40 families, 106 genera and 119 species. The records of the turtles Lepidochelys olivacea, categorized as Vulnerable, and Chelonia mydas, Endangered, stand out for reptiles, as well as the species Caiman crocodilus and Boa constrictor, included in Appendix II of CITES. The records of 31 migratory species stand out for birds, as well as three Near Threatened species (Ramphastos ambiguus, Campephilus gayaquilensis, Capito squamatus).Evaluamos la diversidad de reptiles y aves en el Distrito de Manejo Integrado de Cabo Manglares Bajo Mira-Frontera, en el departamento de Nariño, Colombia, mediante muestreos hechos en noviembre de 2018. Para reptiles se realizaron búsquedas libres delimitadas por tiempo; para aves, se realizaron recorridos libres y puntos de observación. Se obtuvieron 25 registros de reptiles pertenecientes a tres órdenes, 17 familias, 23 géneros y 24 especies. De aves se registraron 179 individuos pertenecientes a 16 órdenes, 40 familias, 106 géneros y 119 especies. Para reptiles se destacan los registros de las tortugas Lepidochelys olivacea, categorizada como Vulnerable, y Chelonia mydas, En Peligro, y las especies Caiman crocodilus y Boa constrictor, incluidas en el apéndice II de CITES. Para las aves se destacan los registros de 31 especies migratorias, y tres especies Casi Amenazadas (Ramphastos ambiguus, Campephilus gayaquilensis, Capito squamatus)

Birds of Universidad de los Llanos (Villavicencio, Colombia): a rich community at the andean foothills-savanna transition

Objetivos: Desarrollar el inventario de las aves del campus Barcelona de la Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia, con el objeto de estimar la riqueza de especies, abundancia y asociaciones de hábitat de la avifauna local. Alcance: Caracterización de la diversidad aviar local y su asociación con diferentes tipos de ecosistemas naturales y transformados. Metodología: Inventariamos la avifauna tomando registros visuales y auditivos semanales entre agosto de 2013 y agosto de 2014, además de observaciones no sistemáticas entre 2013 y 2018. Estimamos la riqueza de especies usando estimadores no paramétricos, y categorizamos las abundancias locales y asociaciones de hábitat con base en la frecuencia de encuentros. Principales resultados: Registramos un total de 189 especies a través de observaciones sistemáticas, además de 21 registradas de manera no sistemática para un total de 210 especies. El listado incluye una especie casi amenazada para Colombia, 20 especies migratorias y cuatro ampliaciones de distribución para la cuenca del Orinoco colombiano. La heterogeneidad de la vegetación mantiene una rica comunidad compuesta principalmente por especies asociadas a zonas urbanas, bosque de galería y lagos artificiales. Muchas especies fueron raras y ocasionales, lo cual sugiere que son visitantes o mantienen pequeñas poblaciones dentro del campus. Conclusiones: Este estudioprovee datos básicos sobre la diversidad de aves en ecosistemas transformados en la cuenca del Orinoco, y resalta la importancia de los mosaicos de sabana, bosque y ecosistemas transformados como refugio y áreas de parada de aves residentes y migratorias.Objectives: To conduct a bird inventory at the Barcelona campus of Universidad de los Llanos Villavicencio, Colombia, with the aim of estimating species richness, abundance and habitat associations of the local avifauna. Scope: Characterization of the local avian diversity and its association with different types of natural and transformed ecosystems. Methodology: We inventoried birds using sight and auditory records made weekly between August 2013 and August 2014, plus opportunistic observations made between 2013 and 2018. We estimated species richness using non-parametric estimates, and categorized local abundances and habitat associations based upon encounter frequencies. Main results: We recorded a total of 210 species (189 species through systematic observations, plus 21 recorded non-systematically). The list includes one Colombian near-endemic, 20 migrant species, and four range extensions for the Orinoco basin. The heterogeneous vegetation sustains a rich community composed mainly by species associated with urban zones, gallery forest and artificial lakes. Most species were rare and occasional, which suggests that they are visitors or maintain small populations within the campus. Conclusions: This study provides basic data on bird diversity of transformed ecosystems in the Orinoco basin, and highlights the importance of mosaics of savanna, forest and transformed ecosystems as refuges and stopover areas of resident and migratory birds

Can scenario-planning support community-based natural resource management? Experiences from three countries in latin america

Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) is a concept critical to managing socio-ecological systems, but whose implementation needs strengthening. Scenario-planning is one approach that may offer benefits relevant to CBNRM, but whose potential is not yet well understood. We therefore designed, trialled and evaluated a scenario-planning method intended to support CBNRM at three cases, located in Colombia, Mexico and Argentina. Implementing scenario-planning was judged as worthwhile in all three cases, although aspects of it could be challenging to facilitate. The benefits generated were relevant to strengthening CBNRM: encouraging the participation of local people and using their knowledge; enhanced consideration and adaption of future change; and supporting the development of systems thinking. Tracing exactly when and how these benefits arise is challenging, but two elements of the method seemed particularly useful. Firstly, using a systematic approach to discuss how drivers of change may affect local socio-ecological systems helped to foster systems thinking and identify connections between issues. Secondly, explicitly focusing on how to use and respond to scenarios helped identify specific practical activities ('response options') that would support CBNRM despite the pressures of future change. Discussions about response options also highlighted the need for support by other actors (e.g. policy groups): this raises the question of when and how other actors and other sources of knowledge should be involved in scenario-planning, so as to encourage their buy-in to actions identified by the process. We suggest other CBNRM initiatives may benefit from adapting and applying scenario-planning. However, these initiatives should be carefully monitored since further research is required to understand how and when scenario-planning methods may produce benefits, and their strengths and weaknesses versus other methods

Envejecimiento de la población

•Actividades básicas de la vida diaria en personas mayores y factores asociados •Asociación entre depresión y posesión de mascotas en personas mayores •Calidad de vida en adultos mayores de Santiago aplicando el instrumento WHOQOL-BREF •Calidad de vida en usuarios con enfermedad de Parkinson, demencia y sus cuidadores, comuna de Vitacura •Caracterización de egresos hospitalarios de adultos mayores en Puerto Natales (2007-2009) •Comportamiento de las patologías incluidas como GES para el adulto mayor atendido en un Cesfam •Contribución de vitaminas y minerales a las ingestas recomendadas diarias en ancianos institucionalizados de Madrid •Estado de salud oral del paciente inscrito en el Programa de Visita Domiciliaria •Evaluación del programa de discapacidad severa en Casablanca con la matriz de marco lógico •Factores asociados a satisfacción vital en una cohorte de adultos mayores de Santiago, Chile •Pauta instrumental para la identificación de riesgos para el adulto mayor autovalente, en su vivienda •Perfil farmacológico del paciente geriátrico institucionalizado y posibles consecuencias en el deterioro cognitivo •Programa de cuidados paliativos y alivio del dolor en Puerto Natales •Rehabilitación mandibular implantoprotésica: efecto en calidad de vida relacionada con salud bucal en adultos mayores •Salud bucodental en adultos mayores autovalentes de la Región de Valparaíso •Transición epidemiológica y el estudio de carga de enfermedad en Brasi

Physical property analysis of C-doped GaAs as function of the carrier concentration grown by MOCVD using elemental arsenic as precursor

This work presents the characterization of GaAs layers grown in a metallic-arsenic-based-MOCVD system. The gallium precursor was the compound trimethylgallium (TMG) and elemental arsenic as precursor of arsenic. The most important parameters of the growth process include the substrate temperature and the composition of the carrier gas; an ${\rm N}_{2}+{\rm H}_{2}$ gas mixture. The influence of carbon doping on the optical and electrical properties of GaAs layers have been studied by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Photoreflectance (PR) and Hall Effect measurements. To carry out doping with carbon in the range of around 10$^{16}$ to 10$^{20}$ cm$^{-3}$, it was necessary to modifying the hydrogen activity in the reacting atmosphere with the control of the N$_{2}$+H$_{2}$, mixture which was used as carrier gas. The PL response of the samples is strongly dependent on the growth temperature and showed mainly two radiative transitions, band-to-band and band-to C-acceptor. PR spectra present transitions associated to GaAs. Besides, short period oscillations near the GaAs band-gap energy are observed, interpreted as Franz-Keldysh oscillations associated to the hole-ionized acceptor (h-A$^{-})$ pair modulations. For investigating the chemical bonds of impurity-related species in the GaAs layers optical absorption was measured using a FT-IR spectrometer. Device quality GaAs layers have been grown in a broad range of growth temperatures

COMBARBALA-INIA, UN CULTIVAR PRECOZ DE HUALPUTRA (Medicago polymorpha L.) PARA AREAS DE SECANO MEDITERRANEO. (Combarbalá-INIA, an early flowering cultivar of burr medic (Medicago polymorpha L.) for Mediterranean dryland areas.)

Combarbalá-INIA is a new cultivar of burr medic ( Medicago polymorpha   L.), selected from a great number of accessions collected in Chile, between La Serena (29º 55' lat. S) and Temuco (38º 47' lat. S). It is an annual forage legume, precocious (71-83 days from emergence to first flowering), adequate for dryland areas of the arid, semiarid and subhumid Mediterranean zones, gbetween the IV and VI Regions of Chile. It has prostrate growth, yellow flowers and spineless pods. It is well adapted to ley farming systems, since it produces a large number of hard seeds. Dry matter production and seed yield was greater than Australian cultivars of burr medic available in the market

CAUQUENES-INIA, NUEVO CULTIVAR DE HUALPUTRA CHILENA (Medicago polymorpha) PARA AREAS DE SECANO MEDITERRANEO. (Cauquenes-INIA, a new Chilean cultivar of burr medic (Medicago polymorpha) for Mediterranean dryland areas.)

Cauquenes-INIA is the first cultivar of burr medic ( Medicago polymorpha   ), released by the Cauquenes Experimental Center of the National Agricultural Research Institute (INIA). It was selected from a collection of germoplasm obtained from an expedition through the Mediterranean zone of central Chile, between La Serena (29º 55' S lat.) and Temuco (38º 47' S lat.), in 1988. It is an annual forage legume, for subhumid and humid Mediterranean zones, especially appropriate for farming systems where the pasture is rotated with cereals (ley farming systems). It is a semi-precocious cultivar (approximately 100 days from emergence to first flower), with semi-erect growth, yellow flowers, spineless pods and a high percentage of hard seeds. Dry matter production (6570 and 6350 kg DM ha -1 ) and seed yield (82 and 88 kg ha -1 ) proved to be similar or superior to Australian cultivars of burr medic available in the national market

Cauquenes - INIA, nuevo cultivar de hualputra chilena (Medicago polymorpha) para áreas de secano mediterráneo.

Cauquenes INIA es el primer cultivar de hualputra (Medicago polymorpha L.), liberada por el Centro Experimental Cauquenes del Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA). Fue seleccionado desde una colección de germoplasma que obtenida en una expedición a través de la zona Mediterránea de Chile, entre La Serena (29º 55¿ lat. S) y Temuco (38º 47¿ lat. S), en 1988. Es una leguminosa forrajera anual, para zonas de secano mediterráneo subhúmedo y húmedo, especialmente apropiada para sistemas agrícolas donde la pradera va en rotación con cereales ("ley farming systems"). Es un cultivar semiprecoz, de hábito de crecimiento semi-erecto, flores de color amarillo, gloquídeos sin espinas, y alto porcentaje de semillas duras. La producción de materia seca (6570 y 6350 kg MS ha-1) y de semillas (82 y 88 kg ha-1) resultaron ser iguales o superiores a las variedades australianas disponibles en el mercado nacional