DOES REAL EXCHANGE RATE MATTER FOR EMERGING MARKETS’ INTERNATIONAL TRADE? A GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH FOR TURKEY

From its perspective, we apply the gravity panel data model (log of OLS and REM models) to Turkey’s bilateral trade flows over 1990-2005, using annual data. In our augmented gravity model, we test the model for the effects of real exchange rate (RER), and a set of dummy variables (Costum Union (COSTUM), The crisis of 1994 (D_94) and 2001 (D_01), either facilitating or restricting trade between pairs of countries, on trade performance of Turkey, as well as the core variables; distance (DIST), incomes (GDPs or PPP) and populations (POPs) of the trading countries, as quoted in standart models

Topoloji Optimizasyonunda Eleman Silme Metodunun Uygulanmasi

Konferans Bildirisi -- Teorik ve Uygulamalı Mekanik Türk Milli Komitesi, 2008Conference Paper -- Theoretical and Applied Mechanical Turkish National Committee, 2008Makine parçalarında en iyi malzeme dağılımını sağlayabilmek için çeşitli optimizasyon yöntemleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu yöntemlerden birisi de topoloji optimizasyonudur. Topoloji optimizasyonunda en önemli sorun, çözüm için gereken uzun süredir. Bu çalışmada topoloji optimizasyonunda eleman silme metodu irdelenmiş ve metodun, topoloji optimizasyonunda uzun çözüm süresi için bir çıkış yolu olabileceği gösterilmiştir.To obtain the best material distribution in machine parts, some optimization techniques are developed by many researchers. Among these techniques topology optimization algorithms are discussed. These algorithms are useful for determining initial possible shape of structures. An important drawback of the topology optimization is time consumption. In this study, element deletion during topology optimization is discussed and it is shown that the method may be a solution to time consumption problem of topology optimization

THE PRINCIPAL’S INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ABILITY IN STRENGTHENING THE CHARACTER OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH

Purpose of the study: This study aims to determine the ability of the principal in carrying out Instructional Leadership to improve teachers' teaching performance so that it has an impact on improving the character of students. Methodology: The type of this research is evaluative descriptive. The subjects selected by purposive sampling and triadic included 15 principals, 150 teachers, and 450 students in Yogyakarta. The data collection techniques using observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The data analysis techniques using mixed methods. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression. In contrast, the qualitative data were analyzed using Miler and Huberman's theory, which included four stages: reduction, display, triangulation, and conclusion. Main Findings: First, mild juvenile delinquency is still practiced by students. Secondly, character strengthening is done through an extracurricular program, orderly book socialization, cooperation with external parties. Third, the instructional leadership ability of principals is still low. Fourth, the magnitude of the influence of Instructional Leadership in changing students' characters obtained a percentage of 12%, while other factors influence 78 %; and the inhibiting factor for instructional leadership of school principals is the lack of collaboration between schools and parents. Applications of this study: The results of this study can provide significant benefits in the discipline of character education and educational psychology. The school leaders can use the findings in this study to tackle juvenile delinquency in junior high school. Novelty/Originality of this study: It turns out that to reduce and eliminate juvenile delinquency is not enough just with Instructional Leadership. The most significant factor that can help minimize adolescent familiarization is the existence of good cooperation between parents and teachers or the school

Genetic diversity and relationship among indigenous Turkish Karayaka sheep subpopulations

The Karayaka is the most populous sheep breed in the Black Sea region of Turkey. In the present study, we investigated the intra- and inter-population genetic relationships among indigenous Karayaka sheep subpopulations. Nine microsatellites were genotyped for 64 individuals from Samsun, Ordu, Giresun and Tokat provinces. The average number of alleles (N-a), allelic richness (A(r)), observed heterozygosity (H-o), expected heterozygosity (H-e), polymorphism information content (PIC) and inbreeding coefficient (F-IS) for all subpopulations were estimated as N-a = 16.44, A(r) = 9.887, H-o = 0.303, H-e = 0.886, PIC = 0.866 and F-IS = 0.630, respectively. The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.171 (Giresun) to 0.376 (Ordu) and 0.757 (Samsun) to 0.845 (Ordu), respectively. It was determined that a 10.5 % of total genetic variation (F-IT = 66.9 %) in Karayaka sheep corresponded to genetic differences among subpopulations (F-ST), whereas 63.0 % was explained by genetic difference among individuals (F-IS). This study gives the first evidence about genetic relationships of Karayaka subpopulations. The results show that Karayaka sheep subpopulations are genetically different from each other. These findings revealed that the Karayaka breed has discrete subpopulations and should be taken into consideration when preparing conservation programs and future breeding strategies

On controlled poisson processes

We consider a special class of two-dimensional Markov processes, finding the relationship between transition probabilities of two such classes.Publisher's Versio

Economic and political instability and MNC production: The Turkish automotive case, 1972-1992

Ankara : Department of International Relations and Institute of Economics and Social Sciences, Bilkent University, 1995.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 1995.Includes bibliographical references.111 tlie beginning, people lived in closed societies and survived through the exchange of goods. After the first money was coined, it took on an important role in one's life and with the peculiarities of liquidity, confidence and adjustment, it became mi indispansible factor. After World War II, tlie globalization process began: within this process multinational corporations have been the main actors in transboundary interactions. Multinational corporations are the engines of national economies and, with their complicated structures, they continue to exist and exert influence on national economies, d'here tu'e many aiguments related with the pros and cons of multinational corporations, their existence, supply, money, labor, management styles and the like. At the same time, there are several theories which look at multinational corporations from difterent points of view. Global homogenization is a rather peaceful process when it is compared to the confrontations and wars taking place in today's world. Mutual tolerance by the multinational corporations and host country governments leads to a better understanding of the function of multinational corporations and eventually accomplishes a wealthy and healthy national economy.Kaya, M. AkifM.S

Integrin α2β1 Expression Regulates Matrix Metalloproteinase-1-Dependent Bronchial Epithelial Repair in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is caused by inhalation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which damages the bronchial epithelial barrier to establish local infection. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 plays a crucial role in the immunopathology of TB, causing breakdown of type I collagen and cavitation, but this collagenase is also potentially involved in bronchial epithelial repair. We hypothesized that the extracellular matrix (ECM) modulates M. tuberculosis-driven matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression by human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs), regulating respiratory epithelial cell migration and repair. Medium from monocytes stimulated with M. tuberculosis induced collagenase activity in bronchial epithelial cells, which was reduced by ~87% when cells were cultured on a type I collagen matrix. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 had a focal localization, which is consistent with cell migration, and overall secretion decreased by 32% on type I collagen. There were no associated changes in the specific tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. Decreased matrix metalloproteinase-1 secretion was due to ligand-binding to the α2β1 integrin and was dependent on the actin cytoskeleton. In lung biopsies, samples from patients with pulmonary TB, integrin α2β1 is highly expressed on the bronchial epithelium. Areas of lung with disrupted collagen matrix showed an increase in matrix metalloproteinases-1 expression compared with areas where collagen was comparable to control lung. Type I collagen matrix increased respiratory epithelial cell migration in a wound-healing assay, and this too was matrix metalloproteinase-dependent, since it was blocked by the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor GM6001. In summary, we report a novel mechanism by which α2β1-mediated signals from the ECM modulate matrix metalloproteinase-1 secretion by HBECs, regulating their migration and epithelial repair in TB