Problem-solving in Arithmetic

For a century arithmetic has been a popular subject in the elementary schools, and has consumed more time than any other subject. The war had an effect in reducing this time on arithmetic, largely due to the war-time emphasis on health, food production, back-of-the-line morale, and kindred subjects. More recently, school activities and playground work have come in for a reasonable share of the school time. The Twenty-ninth Yearbook recognizes the child as the center of interest, and the final criterion of all values being the effect any technique of teaching or any content of instruction has on the child. It is the whole child, not a part of him, which is the reality to be kept in mind. A child\u27s PRESENT self is but a part of himself, and an educational philosophy based on the assumption that only the present interests, needs, strengths, weaknesses, and whims of the child comprise the sole or dominating aspect of the child is disregarding that the child\u27s future is a part of him. It is of importance to realize that this child of today, is destined to live in an environment, probably of the United States between 1935 and 1985. This total environment is not to be the actualities of which we may now be dreaming. This child must . of course, be taught in methods utilizing CHILD psychology principles. Aims of this child\u27s education must be influenced by his real nature and by the demands which life will place upon him. We should teach, then, those skills, informations, attitudes, judgments, habits, ideals, and ambitions which the child will find adequate and satisfying to his future adulthood and present childhood

Judging the Jury

A Review of Judging the Jury by Valerie P. Hans and Neil Vidma

Use of Skelettochronology in Age Determination of American Toads (Bufo americanus) from East Central Illinois

A skelettochronological technique was applied to the phalanges of the American toad, Bufo americanus, from east central, IL. In hematoxylin-stained cross-sections of the phalanges, suspected year rings are formed which can be used to age individuals. This method allows for aging without destructive sampling of toad populations. A majority of the male toads from two choruses were estimated to be 2 or 3 years old, while most of the females from the same two sites were in the 3 or 4 year age class. Females were larger than males in the 3 and 4 year age classes, and overall, female length was found to be greater than male length. Considerable overlaps were found between the lengths and estimated age classes of both male and female toads. Because of the large variance of size within an age class, it appears that it is not possible to assume that a larger individual is necessarily older

For Joan:Some letters with reverence, an honorary degree, and a dialogical tribute

In 2012, I co‐taught, with Anne‐Charlott Callerstig, a master's course module at Linköping University in Swedenentitled ‘Intersectional Gender, and Institutional and Organizational Work’. Towards the end of the course I was emailed by Donald Van Houten asking for contributions to a text to be presented at a reception on International Women's Day, 8 March 2012, at the University of Oregon, honouring Joan Acker and her remarkable career. The reception was part of the Lorwin Lecture Series on ‘Civil Rights and Civil Liberties’ and the Wayne Morse Center symposium on ‘Gender Equity and Capitalism’. To honour Joan and her legacy, I was asked to send a personal statement testifying to Joan's impact on her life and work, to be collected together in a small book. We were using some of Joan's writing as key texts on the module, so it seemed appropriate to do something collectively, and accordingly I asked the students to write short ‘letters’ to Joan. I sent off our letters, which we called ‘Some Letters Written with Reverence’; I trust Joan received them and liked them. Therefore, here in this writing for Joan there are three parts. In the first, the ‘letters’ are reproduced; the next is the edited proposal I wrote for Joan to be awarded an honorary doctorate at Hanken School of Economics, the Swedish‐language business school in Helsinki, Finland; she received the honour in 2011; and for the last part, I add an additional personal tribute and reflection from the vantage point of now, today

ADEPT - Next Generation Process Management Technology

In the ADEPT project we have been working on the design and implementation of a next generation process management technology for several years. Based on a conceptual framework for dynamic process changes, on innovative process support functions, and on advanced implementation concepts, the developed system enables the realization of adaptive, process-aware information systems (PAIS). Basically, process changes can take place at the process type as well as the process instance level: Changes of single process instances may have to be carried out in an ad-hoc manner (e.g., to deal with an exceptional situation) and must not affect system robustness and consistency. Process type changes, in turn, must be quickly accomplished in order to adapt the PAIS to business process changes. This may also include the migration of (thousands of) instances to the new process schema (if desired). Important requirements are to perform respective migrations on-the-fly, to preserve correctness, and to avoid performance penalties

Gas physical conditions and kinematics of the giant outflow Ou4

Ou4 is a recently discovered bipolar outflow with a projected size of more than one degree in the plane of the sky. It is apparently centred on the young stellar cluster -whose most massive representative is the triple system HR8119- inside the HII region Sh 2-129. The driving source, the nature, and the distance of Ou4 are not known. Deep narrow-band imagery of the whole nebula at arcsec resolution was obtained to study its morphology. Long-slit spectroscopy of the tips of the bipolar lobes was secured to determine the gas ionization mechanism, physical conditions, and line-of-sight velocities. An estimate of the proper motions at the tip of the south lobe using archival images is attempted. The existing multi-wavelength data for Sh 2-129 and HR 8119 are also comprehensively reviewed. The morphology of Ou4, its emission-line spatial distribution, line flux ratios, and the kinematic modelling adopting a bow-shock parabolic geometry, illustrate the expansion of a shock-excited fast collimated outflow. The radial velocities and reddening are consistent with those of Sh 2-129 and HR 8119. The improved determination of the distance to HR8119 (composed of two B0 V and one B0.5 V stars) and Sh 2-129 is 712 pc. We identify in WISE images a 5 arcmin-radius (1 pc at the distance above) bubble of emission at 22 micron emitted by hot (107 K) dust, located inside the central part of Ou4 and corresponding to several [O III] features of Ou4. The apparent position and the properties studied in this work are consistent with the hypothesis that Ou4 is located inside the Sh 2-129 HII region, suggesting that it was launched some 90 000 yrs ago by HR8119. The outflow total kinetic energy is estimated to be ~4e47~ergs. However, the alternate possibility that Ou4 is a bipolar planetary nebula, or the result of an eruptive event on a massive AGB or post-AGB star not yet identified, cannot be ruled out.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Also available at http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-0102228

ADEPT2 - Next Generation Process Management Technology

If current process management systems shall be applied to a broad spectrum of applications, they will have to be significantly improved with respect to their technological capabilities. In particular, in dynamic environments it must be possible to quickly implement and deploy new processes, to enable ad-hoc modifications of single process instances at runtime (e.g., to add, delete or shift process steps), and to support process schema evolution with instance migration, i.e., to propagate process schema changes to already running instances. These requirements must be met without affecting process consistency and by preserving the robustness of the process management system. In this paper we describe how these challenges have been addressed and solved in the ADEPT2 Process Management System. Our overall vision is to provide a next generation process management technology which can be used in a variety of application domains

Properties of phenotypic plasticity in discrete threshold traits

Acknowledgements We thank Yimen Araya-Ajoy, Russ Lande and Jon Wright for helpful comments and discussions. J.M.R. and P.A. were supported by the Norwegian Research Council through the Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (grant 223257), NTNU and University of Aberdeen.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Conceptualizing the evolutionary quantitative genetics of phenological life-history events : Breeding time as a plastic threshold trait

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Y. Araya-Ajoy, P. Arcese, C. Pélabon, A. Phillimore, and J. Pick for helpful comments on a manuscript draft, and the Norwegian Research Council (grant 223257) and NTNU for funding.Peer reviewedPublisher PD