Regression Analysis for the Adsorption Isotherms of Betacyanin Extracts from the Dragon Fruit Peel onto the Spun Silk Yarn

The betacyanin pigment extracted from the dragon fruit peel has a potential to be a natural dye as an alternative to replace the synthetic dyes. To investigate the dyeability of spun silk with betacyanin pigment, the adsorption isotherm models were performed. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. In order to determine the best-fit isotherm for each system, three error analysis methods were used to evaluate the data, namely the sum of the squares of the errors, residual root mean square error and chi-square test. On the basis of low three error analysis and high correlation of determination, it was found that the Langmuir isotherm model fitted well with the experimental data. Therefore, it can be concluded that the adsorption process of betacyanin pigment onto the spun silk followed the Langmuir isotherm model. Moreover, the adsorption features of the experimental system might be caused by the monolayer adsorption

Evaluation of Double Loop IC Module for Inductive Coupled Fed RFID Tag Wire Embedded Antenna

This paper presents an evaluation on double loop integrated circuit module for inductive couple fed RFID Tag. The inductive couple feed gives advantage especially for flexible wire embedded antenna in controlling the manufacturing varians as the chip is not directly connected to the antenna. Thus electrostatic discharged effect and manufacturing errors can be minimized. An inductor loop is directly connected to the RFID chip before it is placed to indirectly coupled the energy from a meandered dipole antenna. The coupled energy should be enough to turn on the chip to communicate with the reader. The inductive coupled energy is achieved by manipulating the near field magnetic field between the antenna body and the inductor loop. To evaluate the performance, the antenna and the inductive feeding loop is designed to operate at RFID UHF band (860 MHz – 960 MHz) and simulated using CST software. The antenna body impedance is evaluated to match the impedance of the chip and the loop. It is confirmed that the double loop inductor has higher inductance values and thus should be counted in conjugate impedance between the antenna body and the chip module. The tag with overall dimension of 60 mm x 16 mm can be read at distance at least 9 meters through out the band

Development of combined vector and torque control methods for independent two induction motor drives

Many applications use two or more motors operating in parallel configuration by using one variable speed drive. This system is able to control these multiple motors at the same desired motor speed operation which provide advantages in terms of components and cost reduction. However, the system is not able to control each motor separately if it is desired to operate at different speeds and it also cannot withstand the load disturbance. To address this problem, the design of combined Vector Control-Direct Torque Control (DTC) methods is proposed and their performance is investigated for the case of independent controlled two induction motors fed by single Five Leg Inverter (FLI) method. Double Zero Sequence (DZS) Injection Method Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) scheme is used for the FLI. Simulation results from the Simulink/Matlab that verify the validity of the method are also included. The results show the ability of the proposed method to control motor speed independently under forward-reverse step speed command and load disturbance condition

Temperature Stress on Physiological and Morphological Traits in Rhizophora apiculata

الاحتباس الحراري له تأثيرات كبيرة على النظم البيئية الحيوية، والتي تسببت أيضًا في ارتفاع درجات الحرارة وثاني أكسيد الكربون الذي يتبعه تغيرات في العوامل اللاأحيائية المختلفة، والتي تشكل تهديدات لبيئة غابات المنغروف. تم إجراء هذا البحث لفحص الخصائص الفسيولوجية والمورفولوجية لأشجار القرم Rhizophora apiculata فيما يتعلق بارتفاع درجة حرارة الهواء لأنواع الأشجار المتنوعة التي تستجيب لتغير المناخ. حيث تم زراعة الشتلات لمدة ثلاثة أشهر في غرف نمو منظمة بثلاث درجات حرارة متفاوتة 38 درجة مئوية، 21 درجة مئوية تحت ثاني أكسيد الكربون عند 450 جزء في المليون، والمنطقة المحيط بتركيز ثاني أكسيد الكربون 450 ± 20 جزء في المليون تحت متوسط درجة الحرارة عند 28 درجة مئوية كشرط تحكم. تمت معالجة النباتات كل 48 ساعة بـ 3 لترات من الماء المالح بتركيز 28 جزء من المليون. بعد أسبوعين عند درجة حرارة عالية، أظهرت أشجار المانغروف نتائج إيجابية لجميع المعلمات. أدت التغيرات في درجات الحرارة إلى اختلافات كبيرة، مثلاً سلبية لزيادة درجة الحرارة مما أدى إلى تلف شديد للعديد من العينات بينما كانت إيجابية لانخفاض درجة الحرارة مما أدى إلى نمو بطيء. أظهرت النتائج الفسيولوجية انخفاضًا في معدلات التمثيل الضوئي مقارنةً بالعينات الخاضعة للرقابة. تشير هذه النتائج إلى أن مستويات القدرة على التمثيل الضوئي المنخفضة يمكن أن تكون قد حدثت بسبب انخفاض آلية تفاعل تثبيت ثاني أكسيد الكربون، ومواد أصباغ التمثيل الضوئي، والتباين بين معدل التنفس والتمثيل الضوئي.Global warming has had considerable effects on vital ecosystems, which has also been caused by increased temperatures and CO2 that follow changes in different abiotic factors, which poses threats to mangrove forests environment. This research was conducted to examine the physiological and morphological characteristics of the Rhizophora apiculata mangrove regarding higher air temperature for the variety of tree species that respond to climate change. Seedlings were cultivated for three months in regulated growth chambers with three varying temperatures of 38°C, 21°C under CO2 at 450 ppm, and ambient CO2 concentration i.e., 450 ± 20 ppm under average temperature at 28°C as the control condition. The plants were treated every 48 hours with 3 L of saline water of 28 ppt. After two weeks at high temperature, the mangrove showed positive results for all parameters. The temperature variations resulted in major variations, such as negative for increased temperature resulting in extreme damage to many samples while positive for decreased temperature resulting in slow development. The physiological results show decreased photosynthesis rates compared to controlled samples. These findings indicate that low photosynthetic capability levels could have occurred due to reduced CO2 fixative reaction mechanism, photosynthetic pigment material, and the discrepancy between respiratory and photosynthesis rate

Desalination Performance of Nano porous Mos2_2 Membrane on Different Salts of Saline Water: A Molecular Dynamics Study

The freshwater crisis is a growing concern and a pressing problem for the world because of the increasing population, civilization, and rapid industrial growth. The water treatment facilities are able to supply less than 1% of the total water demand. Water desalination can be a potential solution to deal with this alarming issue. Researchers have been exploring for quite some time to find novel nano-enhanced membranes and manufacturing techniques to increase the efficiency of the desalination process. Graphene and graphene modified membranes showed huge potential as desalination membranes for comparatively easier synthesis process and higher ion rejection rate than conventional filter materials. Currently, single-layer Mos$_2$ has been discovered to have the same potential of water permeability and ion rejection rate as graphene membrane in a more energy-efficient way. For almost analogous nano porous structure of the graphene membrane, almost 70% of the higher water flux is obtained from the Mos$_2$ membrane. In this work, it has been shown that nano porous Mos$_2$ membranes provide a promising result for desalinating other salts of seawater alongside NaCl. We have also observed the effect of variations in ions, pore size, and pressure on water permeation and ion rejection rates in the water desalination process. In this study, water permeation increased significantly by increasing the pore area from 20{\AA} to 80{\AA}. The rate of water filtration increases in proportion to both applied pressure and pore size, sacrificing the ion rejection rate for the type of ions studied. A combination of salt ions in the saline water for desalination has also been studied, where the rejection rates for the different ions are separately represented for various applied pressures. For seawater, the Mos$_2$ membrane has showed quite promising performance in the study of ion variation

Cylindrical Magnetron Development for Nb₃sn Deposition via Magnetron Sputtering

Due to its better superconducting properties (critical temperature Tc~ 18.3 K, superheating field Hsh~ 400 mT), Nb3Sn is considered as a potential alternative to niobium (Tc~ 9.25 K, Hsh~ 200 mT) for superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities for particle acceleration. Magnetron sputtering is an effective method to produce superconducting Nb3Sn films. We deposited superconducting Nb3Sn films on samples with magnetron sputtering using co-sputtering, sequential sputtering, and sputtering from a stoichiometric target. Nb3Sn films produced by magnetron sputtering in our previous experiments have achieved DC superconducting critical temperature up to 17.93 K and RF superconducting transition at 17.2 K. A magnetron sputtering system with two identical cylindrical cathodes that can be used to sputter Nb3Sn films on cavities has been designed and is under development now. We report on the design and the current progress on the development of the system

Performance Indices and Physiological Changes in Pearl Guinea Fowls (Numida Meleagris) Supplemented with Molasses Through Drinking Water

. The study was aimed at evaluating the performance indices and physiologic changes in pearl Guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) supplemented with molasses through drinking water. A total of thirty-two (n=32) day-old pearl Guinea fowls raised to 12-week-old were used for the study. The fowls were randomly allocated to two groups (control and experimental) of 16 fowls each, with each having two replicates. Experimental fowls were given 5 mL molasses per litre of drinking water for 8 weeks, while control fowls were given only drinking water. Performance indices which include: feed consumption, water intake and percentage weight gain were measured. Rectal temperature was measured and blood samples were collected to evaluate the changes in haematological parameters, serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations. Results revealed that the molasses-treated fowls had significantly (P<0.05) higher percentage weight gain, blood total protein, packed cell volume and mean corpuscular volume compared to control. However, the feed consumptionwas significantly lower (P<0.05) in the molasses-treated fowls compared to control. In both groups, rectal temperature increased significantly (P<0.05) during the afternoon hours and was lower (P<0.05) in molasses-treated fowls than control during the evening hours. There was no significant difference in other haematological parameters, serum glucose, T4 and T3 betweengroups. In conclusion, molasses supplementation decreased feed consumption, improved body weight gain and enhanced nutritional status and erythropoiesis in Guinea fowls

The evaluation of shear deformation for contact analysis with large displacement

A common problem encountered in the study of contact problem is the failure to obtain stable and accurate convergence result when the contact node is close to the element edge, which is referred as "critical area". In previous studies, the modification of the element force equation to apply it to a node-element contact problem using the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory [1]. A simple single-element consists two edges and a contact point was used to simulate contact phenomenon of a plane frame. The modification was proven to be effective by the convergeability of the unbalanced force at the tip of element edge, which enabled the contact node to "pass-through", resulting in precise results. However, in another recent study, we discover that, if shear deformation based on Timoshenko beam theory is taken into consideration, a basic simply supported beam coordinate afforded a much simpler and more efficient technique for avoiding the divergence of the unbalanced force in the "critical area". Using our unique and robust Tangent Stiffness Method, the improved equation can be used to overcome any geometrically nonlinear analyses, including those involving extremely large displacements