Draining Sustainable Profit Fase 1: deskstudie naar mogelijkheden voor benutting van drainwater voor het kweken van algen voor oesterteelt

Drainwater dat vrij komt in de glastuinbouw bevat zouten en voedingsstoffen die bij lozing een belasting op de watersystemen geven, hetgeen lozingsheffingen met zich meebrengt en waardoor tevens waardevolle nutriënten verloren gaan. De uitdaging van het reduceren van de milieubelasting ligt in het hergebruiken van de nutriënten, waardoor een kostenpost kan worden omgezet in een renderende reststroom. Het (beperkte) zoutgehalte (3 ppt of in geconcentreerde vorm 12 ppt) van het drainwater maakt het water mogelijk geschikt voor de kweek van brakwater (en adaptieve mariene) algensoorten. Hierdoor worden waardevolle nutriënten onttrokken en wordt de anorganische belasting van het drainwater lager. Het gekweekte algenproduct kan geschikt zijn voor een aanvullende teelt van een aquacultuurproduct zoals schelpdieren, deze kunnen aan elkaar gekoppeld worden. Aangezien dergelijke mogelijkheden nieuw zijn, bestaan er nog een aantal onbekende factoren, zoals het selecteren van geschikte soorten algen voor kweek, de voedingswaarde van de oester en voedselveiligheidsrisico’s. Deze parameters worden aan de hand van een desk studie gekoppeld aan laboratorium experimenten onderzocht

Fork naar Farm. deelrapport: experimentele kweek van yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) en de implementatie hiervan

In Nederland is sprake van een toenemende vraag naar duurzaam en lokaal geproduceerde vis. Het doel van het Fork naar Farm project was het begeleiden van de productie van een nieuwe vissoort binnen de Nederlandse viskweeksector en Afrikaanse meerval volgens een certificeringsschema waarin duurzaamheid een rol speelt. Binnen het kader van het Fork naar Farm project behandelt dit rapport het onderzoek naar de opkweek van de yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) in recirculatiesystemen en de implementatie hiervan in de praktijk. Er zijn verschillende groepen jonge yellowtail kingfish met een gewicht van ongeveer 0,5 gram aangekocht vanuit Australië en in Nederland opgekweekt in recirculatiesystemen. Er is in de faciliteiten van IMARES Wageningen UR onderzoek verricht naar diverse houderijomstandigheden: temperatuur, pH en saliniteit van het water en het voer

Aanwijzing nieuwe productiegebieden: Onderbouwing monstername sanitair programma

In dit rapport wordt een onderbouwing met aanbevelingen gepresenteerd van het sanitair monitoringsprogramma voor schelpdieren. De analyse is opgesplitst in de Waddenzee, (Zuidelijk) Deltagebied (Oosterschelde, Grevelingenmeer, Veerse Meer en Westerschelde) en Noordzee

Molecular Characteristics of Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), and Multidrug Resistant E. coli Isolated from Healthy Dogs in Spain. Whole Genome Sequencing of Canine ST372 Isolates and Comparison with Human Isolates Causing Extraintestinal Infections

Under a one health perspective and the worldwide antimicrobial resistance concern, we investigated extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), and multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli from 197 isolates recovered from healthy dogs in Spain between 2013 and 2017. A total of 91 (46.2%) isolates were molecularly classified as ExPEC and/or UPEC, including 50 clones, among which (i) four clones were dominant (B2-CH14-180-ST127, B2-CH52-14-ST141, B2-CH103-9-ST372 and F-CH4-58-ST648) and (ii) 15 had been identified among isolates causing extraintestinal infections in Spanish and French humans in 2015 and 2016. A total of 28 (14.2%) isolates were classified as MDR, associated with B1, D, and E phylogroups, and included 24 clones, of which eight had also been identified among the human clinical isolates. We selected 23 ST372 strains, 21 from healthy dogs, and two from human clinical isolates for whole genome sequencing and built an SNP-tree with these 23 genomes and 174 genomes (128 from canine strains and 46 from human strains) obtained from public databases. These 197 genomes were segregated into six clusters. Cluster 1 comprised 74.6% of the strain genomes, mostly composed of canine strain genomes (p < 0.00001). Clusters 4 and 6 also included canine strain genomes, while clusters 2, 3, and 5 were significantly associated with human strain genomes. Finding several common clones and clone-related serotypes in dogs and humans suggests a potentially bidirectional clone transfer that argues for the one health perspective

Non-destructive evaluation of carcass and ham traits and meat quality assessment applied to early and late immunocastrated Iberian pigs

Castration is a common practice in Iberian pigs due to their advanced age and high weight at slaughter. Immunocastration (IC) is an alternative to surgical castration that influences carcass and cut fatness. These traits need to be evaluated in vivo and postmortem. The aims of the present work were (a) to determine the relationship between ham composition measured with computed tomography (CT) and in vivo ultrasound (US) and carcass fat thickness measurements, (b) to apply these technologies to early (EIP) and late (LIP) immunocastrated Iberian pigs in order to evaluate carcass fatness and ham tissue composition and (c) to assess meat quality on these animals and to find the relationships between meat quality traits (namely, intramuscular fat (IMF)) and fat depot thicknesses. For this purpose, 20 purebred Iberian pigs were immunocastrated with three doses of Improvac (R), at either 4.5, 5.5 and 9 or 11, 12 and 14 months of age (EIP or LIP; respectively; n = 10 each) and slaughtered at 17 months of age. Fat depots were evaluated in vivo by US, in carcass with a ruler and in hams by CT. Carcass and cut yields, loin meat quality and loin acceptability by consumers were determined. Also, IMF was determined in the loin and three muscles of the ham. Carcass weight was 14.9 kg heavier in EIP vs LIP, and loin backfat thickness (US- and ruler-measured) was also greater in EIP. Similarly, CT-evaluated ham bone and fat contents were greater and smaller for EIP vs LIP, respectively. Loin and ham IMF were also greater in EIP, but the other meat quality parameters were similar. The acceptability of meat by consumers was high and it did not differ between IC protocols. Correlations between several fat depots measured with the different technologies were high. In conclusion, all these technologies allowed fat depot measurements, which were highly correlated despite being obtained at different anatomical locations. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Animal Consortium

A computational study of aortic insufficiency in patients supported with continuous flow left ventricular assist devices: Is it time for a paradigm shift in management?

Background: De novo aortic insufficiency (AI) following continuous flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) implantation is a common complication. Traditional early management utilizes speed augmentation to overcome the regurgitant flow in an attempt to augment net forward flow, but this strategy increases the aortic transvalvular gradient which predisposes the patient to progressive aortic valve pathology and may have deleterious effects on aortic shear stress and right ventricular (RV) function. Materials and methods: We employed a closed-loop lumped-parameter mathematical model of the cardiovascular system including the four cardiac chambers with corresponding valves, pulmonary and systemic circulations, and the LVAD. The model is used to generate boundary conditions which are prescribed in blood flow simulations performed in a three-dimensional (3D) model of the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and thoracic descending aorta. Using the models, impact of various patient management strategies, including speed augmentation and pharmacological treatment on systemic and pulmonary (PA) vasculature, were investigated for four typical phenotypes of LVAD patients with varying degrees of RV to PA coupling and AI severity. Results: The introduction of mild/moderate or severe AI to the coupled RV and pulmonary artery at a speed of 5,500 RPM led to a reduction in net flow from 5.4 L/min (no AI) to 4.5 L/min (mild/moderate) to 2.1 L/min (severe). RV coupling ratio (Ees/Ea) decreased from 1.01 (no AI) to 0.96 (mild/moderate) to 0.76 (severe). Increasing LVAD speed to 6,400 RPM in the severe AI and coupled scenario, led to a 42% increase in net flow and a 16% increase in regurgitant flow (RF) with a nominal decrease of 1.6% in RV myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2). Blood pressure control with the coupled RV with severe AI at 5,500 RPM led to an 81% increase in net flow with a 15% reduction of RF and an 8% reduction in RV MVO2. With an uncoupled RV, the introduction of mild/moderate or severe AI at a speed of 5,500 RPM led to a reduction in net flow from 5.0 L/min (no AI) to 4.0 L/min (mild/moderate) to 1.8 L/min (severe). Increasing the speed to 6,400 RPM with severe AI and an uncoupled RV increased net flow by 45%, RF by 15% and reduced RV MVO2 by 1.1%. For the uncoupled RV with severe AI, blood pressure control alone led to a 22% increase in net flow, 4.2% reduction in RF, and 3.9% reduction in RV MVO2; pulmonary vasodilation alone led to a 18% increase in net flow, 7% reduction in RF, and 26% reduction in RV MVO2; whereas, combined BP control and pulmonary vasodilation led to a 113% increase in net flow, 20% reduction in RF and 31% reduction in RV MVO2. Compared to speed augmentation, blood pressure control consistently resulted in a reduction in WSS throughout the proximal regions of the arterial system. Conclusion: Speed augmentation to overcome AI in patients supported by CF-LVAD appears to augment flow but also increases RF and WSS in the aorta, and reduces RV MVO2. Aggressive blood pressure control and pulmonary vasodilation, particularly in those patients with an uncoupled RV can improve net flow with more advantageous effects on the RV and AI RF

Hydrodynamic description for ballistic annihilation systems

The problem of the validity of a hydrodynamic description for a system in which there are no collisional invariants is addressed. Hydrodynamic equations have been derived and successfully tested against simulation data for a system where particles annihilate with a probability p, or collide elastically otherwise. The response of the system to a linear perturbation is analyzed as well