Effect of internal standard on HPLC analysis of tablet dosage forms: An experimental study with statistical comparison

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of internal standard on precision and accuracy of an HPLC method for the analysis of tablet dosage forms. Paracetamol was chosen as a model molecule and caffeine was used as an internal standard for this purpose. An experimental procedure was applied and a statistical comparison was performed to present the effect of IS on precision and accuracy for the quality control analysis. IS was added in a constant amount (5, 20 and 40 µg mL-1) into the samples and calibration curve and internal standard techniques were used to determine the amount of PA in tablet dosage forms. As it is known, using IS corrects the loss of analyte during sample preparation or sample inlet. The results for calibration curve and internal standard techniques were statistically evaluated and discussed. According to the results in our experimental conditions, the internal standard technique statistically effected the analysis results but did not improve the precision and accuracy

Investigating the Physicochemical Properties of Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Uv-Visible Spectrophotometry

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Polycationic cyclodextrin nanoparticles induce apoptosis and affect antitumoral activity in HepG2 cell line: An evaluation at the molecular level

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly metastatic primary liver cancer generating molecular alterations that end up escaping the apoptotic machinery and conferring multidrug resistance. Targeted medicines with increased and selective cytotoxicity and minimal drug resistance are essential for the treatment of HCC. In this study, a self-assembled polycationic (PC) amphiphilic ß-cyclodextrin (ßCDC6) nanoparticle formulation was characterized and its efficacy over HCC cell line HepG2 was evaluated in terms of cytotoxicity, apoptotic potential, chemosensitivity and mitochondrial balance utilizing biochemical, gene expression and proteomic approaches without encapsulating an anti-neoplastic agent. Blank PC ßCDC6 exerted an anti-proliferative effect on 3D multicellular HepG2 spheroid tumors. These nanoparticles were able to trigger apoptosis proved by caspase 3/7 activity, gene expression and flow cytometry studies. The subjection of PC restored the chemosensitivity of HepG2 cells by suppressing the function of p-glycoprotein. The proteomic studies with Q-TOF LC/MS revealed 73 proteins that are aberrantly encoded after cells were treated with the blank PC. Metabolomic analysis further confirmed the shift in certain biological pathways. Thus, we confirmed that the hepatocellular carcinoma-targeting ßCDC6 PC nanoparticles induce apoptosis, lower the rate of cell proliferation, hinder multidrug resistance and they are convenient carriers for eventual therapeutic administrations in HCC patients

Global foodomics strategy to investigate the health benefits of dietary constituents

A global methodology, called Foodomics, which allows carrying out a comprehensive evaluation of the health benefits of food ingredients is presented in this work. The new methodology is based on the combination of several analytical platforms and data processing for Transcriptomics, Proteomics and Metabolomics studies, allowing the determination of changes induced by food ingredients at molecular level. Both, the whole methodological development and its potential are presented through the investigation of a case study following a hypothesis-free strategy. Namely, the chemopreventive effect of polyphenols from rosemary was examined on the total gene, protein and metabolite expression in human HT29 colon cancer cells. Conclusions on the bioactivity of polyphenols against colon cancer cells based on the results from each single platform (Transcriptomics, Proteomics or Metabolomics) are compared with the conclusions based on the integration of the whole results from the three platforms, corroborating the interest of using a global integrative strategy as Foodomics. To our knowledge, although many papers and reviews have been published on this topic, this is the first time that Transcriptomics, Proteomics and Metabolomics platforms are put together to study the health benefits from dietary ingredients against colon cancer cells at gene, protein and metabolite level. Advantages, drawbacks and current challenges of this global analytical strategy are discussed in this work. The results from our study provide new insights on the biological mechanisms involved in the cancer risk reduction properties of dietary constituents. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.This work was supported by AGL2008-05108-C03-01/02 and AGL2011-29857-C03-01 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain), and CSD2007-00063 FUN-C-FOOD (Programa CONSOLIDER, Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain). CI thanks the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) for her FPI pre-doctoral fellowship.Peer Reviewe