Situationsspezifische Fähigkeiten in Bezug auf Klassenführung - Zusammenhänge mit Facetten von Lehrkräftekompetenz und Klassenführungsqualität

Während des Unterrichts werden Lehrkräfte mit einer Vielzahl an Informationen konfrontiert, aus denen sie lernrelevante Ereignisse gefiltert wahrnehmen müssen. Sie sind dann gefordert, diese wahrgenommenen Informationen zu interpretieren und davon ausgehend entsprechend zu reagieren. Diese Prozesse des Wahrnehmens, Interpretierens und Generierens einer Handlungsreaktion werden unter dem Begriff situationsspezifische Fähigkeiten zusammengefasst und sind unter anderem relevant, um eine effektive Klassenführung praktizieren zu können. Situationsspezifische Fähigkeiten werden als ein zentraler Bestandteil der Lehrkräftekompetenz gesehen. Entsprechend wurden im Laufe der letzten Jahre viele Instrumente entwickelt, um diese Fähigkeiten zu erfassen. Allerdings unterscheiden sich die Instrumente hinsichtlich der verwendeten Terminologie, der darunterliegenden Konzeptualisierung und dem Format, in dem sie die situationsspezifischen Fähigkeiten von Lehrkräften erfassen. Infolgedessen sind Studienergebnisse, insbesondere in Bezug auf Zusammenhänge mit anderen Kompetenzfacetten, wie professionellem Wissen oder affektiv-motivationalen Dispositionen, oder tatsächlichem Unterrichtshandeln in Bezug auf Klassenführung schwer vergleichbar und inkonsistent. Die vorliegende Dissertation widmet sich in drei Einzelstudien deshalb zum einen einer vergleichenden Betrachtung verschiedener Erfassungsformate (standardisierte Ratingitems und offene Fragen) von situationsspezifischen Fähigkeiten in Bezug auf Klassenführung sowie deren Auswertung. Davon ausgehend wird zum anderen betrachtet, welche Rolle die (in unterschiedlichen Formaten erfassten) situationsspezifischen Fähigkeiten in Bezug auf Klassenführung in der Transformation von Kompetenz in Performanz bei angehenden Lehrkräften spielen. Zusammenfassend konnte gezeigt werden, dass mittels geschlossenen und mittels offenen Formaten erfasste situationsspezifische Fähigkeiten nur gering bis moderat korrelieren, auch wenn etwaige Störfaktoren wie verschiedene Videostimuli oder unterschiedliche Konzeptualisierungen exkludiert werden. Es ist somit sinnvoll, sich einerseits der Unterschiede, hervorgerufen durch das gewählte Erfassungsformat bewusst zu sein und andererseits für eine umfassende Abbildung der situationsspezifischen Fähigkeiten eine gezielte Kombination dieser unterschiedlichen Formate einzusetzen. Zusammenhänge zwischen einzelnen Kompetenzfacetten und Klassenführungsqualität waren, unabhängig von einem variablen- oder personenorientierten Ansatz, nur vereinzelt und wenn dann nur mit geringer Effektgröße zu finden. Die Lehramtsstudierenden zeigten dabei sehr unterschiedliche Profile der Ausprägung situationsspezifischer Fähigkeiten. Für Lehramtsstudierende kann die Transformation von professionellem Wissen über situationsspezifische Fähigkeiten hin zu Unterrichtsqualität, mit Blick auf Klassenführung, somit nicht bestätigt werden. Erste Studien aus dem mathematischen Kontext mit praktizierenden Lehrkräften sind jedoch vielversprechend, sodass eine erneute Untersuchung mit erfahrenen Lehrkräften aussichtsreich erscheint. Die Ergebnisse werden hinsichtlich ihrer Bedeutung für Forschung und Lehrkräftebildung diskutiert

Moda sustentável, consumo consciente e comunicação: estudo de casos no Rio Grande do Sul

O presente estudo busca compreender como o conceito de moda se relaciona com a sustentabilidade e o consumo consciente através da atuação de marcas que estão buscando novas formas de produzir artigos de vestuário e acessórios, com preocupação social e sem causar impactos ambientais. A moda, enquanto produção cultural da sociedade em determinado momento e espaço, reflete as transformações nas relações de consumo, nas quais a comunicação é parte importante na disseminação de valores sociais e ambientais. Mais do que artigos ecologicamente corretos, a moda sustentável pode gerar novos comportamentos e tendências transformadoras, produzindo sentido e repensando a lógica do consumo atual, cuja viabilidade econômica não pode estar desvinculada dos princípios éticos e sociais, além de redefinir o papel dos fabricantes, dos designers e dos consumidores. A partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa, foi realizada uma análise de estudo de casos múltiplos cruzados, com a participação de cinco empresas de moda de Porto Alegre, capital do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, cujas práticas foram identificadas, em diversos níveis e através de abordagens específicas, dentro dos critérios da sustentabilidade. Os dados levantados nas empresas e também através de uma amostra de consumidoras, sugerem que o equilíbrio na atuação de seus principais atores abre caminhos para novos negócios, pautados na ética e na responsabilidade, buscando um desenvolvimento mais sustentável na área. Nesse cenário, ainda em construção, o Slow Fashion representa uma alternativa de produção e consumo, cuja percepção depende de uma comunicação focada em seus valores, capaz de motivar e inspirar comportamentos que atendam ao novo paradigma que se estabelece: o do consumo consciente.This study aims to understand how the concept of fashion relates to sustainability and conscious consumption through brands which are searching new ways of producing clothing pieces and accessories, with social awareness as well as not causing environmental impacts. Fashion, as a social cultural production in a given moment and space, reflects the transformation in the consumer relations in which communication plays an important role in the dissemination of social and environmental values. Further then just the ecologically produced goods, sustainable fashion can generate new behaviors and transforming tendencies, giving it a meaning and rethinking the logic of the consumption nowadays, whose economical viability can not be unlinked from the ethical and social principles, besides redefining the role of the manufacturers, designers and customers. Starting from a qualitative research, we did an analysis of multiple crossed study cases in which five fashion companies from Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil, have participated and whose practices have been identified in various levels and through specific approaches, always considering the concepts of sustainability. The data collected in the companies as well as among a costumers sample group, suggest that the balance in the action of the main actors opens paths for new businesses, guided by ethic and responsibility, seeking for a greater sustainable development in the area. In this scenery, still being built, Slow Fashion represents an alternative for production and consumption, whose perception is linked to a focused communication in its values, being able to motivate and inspire behaviors which meet the new established paradigm: the conscious consumption

Deambulações na cidade sobre a arte urbana e a moda

A cidade é a centralidade do mundo. Por lá se constroem realidades que espelham e alimentam o Homem contemporâneo, num exercício ora enquanto flanêur ora narcísico. Passa por essa exercitação a reconfiguração permanente do que somos e jogamos na própria urbe e, por conseguinte, na construção do mundo. A moda e a arte urbana são, a bem dizer, uma das suas expressões maiores e edificantes, uma vez que nela residem e dela se alimentam, num movimento perpétuo. O texto que aqui se solta é um olhar descomprometido sobre esses dois fenómenos sociais de contornos variáveis e multidiversificados. É, neste sentido, um exercício deambulante sobre duas das manifestações mais fecundas da cidade, esse lugar de vivências e interseções infinitas

Do Porto ao Porto - Sombras & Poesia

A "Passeio - Plataforma de Arte e Cultura Urbana" é uma plataforma do Centro de Estudos de Comunicação e Sociedade (CECS).Durante sete meses dois amigos separados pelo imenso Atlântico encurtaram a distância física com sombras e poesia. Agora publicam o resultado desses ensaios visuais num micro-ensaio escrito a quatro mãos, entre a prosa e a poesia, onde a arte é o lugar de todas as liberdades. Do Porto ao Porto – sombras & poesia é um pequeno ensaio que reúne momentos que se foram manifestando de março a setembro de 2022. A fotografia e a poesia são as linguagens desta manifestação, que mais não é do que diálogo, partilha e conexão entre o Brasil e Portugal, protaganizado por dois amigos: Madeleine Müller, Porto Alegre e Francisco Mesquita, Porto. Passado este tempo e reunindo todos os fragmentos mensais, surge agora este ensaio que espelha esses momentos, mas deixa também um texto de ambos. Um texto livre, sem margens, que expressa a dimensão fluída de todas as viagens, as viagens de sombra também

Die Volontärsausbildung am ifp. Befragung ihrer Teilnehmer

Die vorliegende Studie befragte mittels eines Onlineinstruments Absolventen und aktuelle Teilnehmer der Volontärsausbildung der katholischen Presse und des privaten Hörfunks am ifp in München. Bei einer Rücklaufquote von 35 Prozent (N=198) ergeben sich folgende Befunde: Die Befragten bescheinigen dem ifp über die vergangenen 30 Jahre hinweg eine konstant hohe Qualität der Volontärsausbildung. Die weiteren Ergebnisse verweisen, in Übereinstimmung mit früheren Untersuchungen, auf eine zunehmende Professionalisierung und thematische Vielfältigkeit der journalistischen Tätigkeit. Prägend sind hierbei insbesondere lokale und regionale Themenfelder. Trotz ihres religiösen Hintergrunds verstehen sich die Volontäre primär als neutrale Informationsanbieter bei komplexen Sachverhalten, weitgehend ohne politisches wie religiöses Sendungsbewusstsein. Die Bedeutung eines eher minimal invasiven Rollenverständnisses insbesondere bei jüngeren Volontären wird abschließend diskutiert.EnglishAndreas Müller / Sarah Stoffel / Madeleine Siegler: The Volunteer Programme at the ifp. A Survey of the Participants The present online study was conducted with alumni and current participants of the volunteer programme in the church presses, in the newspapers and radio broadcasts at the Institute for Promoting the Training of Young Media Experts (ifp) in Munich. Based on a return rate of 35 percent (N=198) the following results were found: The respondents certify the ifp trainee programme a constant high quality standard over the last 30 years. In accordance with previous studies the further results indicate an increasing professionalization and variety of topics covered by journalists. Hereby local and regional topics play a crucial role. Despite their religious background the trainees perceive themselves as neutral providers of information on complex topics. Furthermore, they negate any political or religious sense of mission. The relevance of a more minimal invasive role perception, in particular of younger volunteers, is discussed at the end

Consumo, ambiente e publicidade: uma reflexão sustentada na complexidade do tempo

Consumir é não só uma necessidade para a nossa própria sobrevivência, mas também uma forma de comunicação, em que bens e serviços expressam o tempo. O consumo excessivo e a obsolescência programada dos produtos criaram uma cultura do desperdício, com resultados devastadores, capazes de pôr em causa a sobrevivência da espécie humana. A esta situação catastrófica, acrescentem-se ainda as desigualdades sociais, que proliferam um pouco por todo o planeta.Torna-se imperativo dar respostas válidas que mitiguem estes graves problemas e encontrar soluções que os resolvam. É necessário analisar o que está a acontecer de forma complexa, não linear, enquadrando posturas integradoras, equilibradas, pluralistas, criativas e, por vezes, paradoxais, que possam refletir a complexidade dos problemas. Por conseguinte, pretende-se refletir sobre estes problemas, fazendo também uma abordagem à sua complexidade, no sentido de evidenciar que pensar de forma a identificar uma possível resolução dos problemas exige enquadrar o pensamento complexo como pressuposto essencial. Este amplo objetivo leva-nos ao objetivo seguinte, que enquadra o indivíduo enquanto entidade construtora, bem como as organizações enquanto estruturas socioeconómicas fundamentais na procura do equilíbrio necessário e urgente.Em termos de metodologia, este ensaio reflexivo envolveu uma atitude exploratória, convocando algum do pensamento que consideramos mais profícuo, mas no qual também ressai uma postura marcadamente autoral.Consuming is not only a necessity for our own survival, but also a form of communication, in which goods and services express time. Excessive consumption and planned obsolescence of products created a culture of waste, with devastating results, capable of jeopardizing the survival of the human species. Added to this catastrophic situation are the social inequalities, that are proliferating all over the planet.It is imperative to provide valid answers that mitigate these serious problems and to find valid solutions. It is necessary to analyze what is happening in a complex, non-linear way, framing integrative, balanced, pluralistic, creative, and, at times, paradoxical postures, which may reflect the complexity of the problems.Therefore, it is intended to reflect on these problems, also making an approach to their complexity, in order to show that thinking towards identifying a possible resolution of these problems requires framing complex thinking as an essential presupposition. This broad objective leads us to the next objective, which frames the individual as a building entity, as well as organizations as fundamental socioeconomic structures in the search for the necessary and urgent balance.In terms of methodology, this reflective essay involved an exploratory attitude, calling for some of the thought that we consider most fruitful, but in which a markedly authorial stance also emerges

Liver X Receptor Agonist AZ876 Induces Beneficial Endogenous Cardiac Lipid Reprogramming and Protects Against Isoproterenol‐Induced Cardiac Damage

Background: It is known that dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids may improve cardiac function. However, relatively high daily doses are required to achieve sufficient cardiac concentrations of beneficial omega-3 fatty acids. The liver X receptor (LXR) is a nuclear hormone receptor and a crucial regulator of lipid homeostasis in mammals. LXR activation has been shown to endogenously reprogram cellular lipid profiles toward increased polyunsaturated fatty acids levels. Here we studied whether LXR lipid reprogramming occurs in cardiac tissue and exerts cardioprotective actions. Methods and Results: Male 129SV mice were treated with the LXR agonist AZ876 (20 mu mol/kg per day) for 11 days. From day 6, the mice were injected with the nonselective beta-agonist isoproterenol for 4 consecutive days to induce diastolic dysfunction and subendocardial fibrosis while maintaining systolic function. Treatment with isoproterenol led to a marked impairment of global longitudinal strain and the E/e' ratio of transmitral flow to mitral annular velocity, which were both significantly improved by the LXR agonist. Histological examination showed a significant reduction in isoproterenol-induced subendocardial fibrosis by AZ876. Analysis of the cardiac lipid composition by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry revealed a significant increase in cardiac polyunsaturated fatty acids levels and a significant reduction in saturated fatty acids by AZ876. Conclusions: The present study provides evidence that the LXR agonist AZ876 prevents subendocardial damage, improves global longitudinal strain and E/e' in a mouse model of isoproterenol-induced cardiac damage, accompanied by an upregulation of cardiac polyunsaturated fatty acids levels. Cardiac LXR activation and beneficial endogenous cardiac lipid reprogramming may provide a new therapeutic strategy in cardiac disease with diastolic dysfunction

Design principles of hair-like structures as biological machines

Hair-like structures are prevalent throughout biology and frequently act to sense or alter interactions with an organism's environment. The overall shape of a hair is simple: a long, filamentous object that protrudes from the surface of an organism. This basic design, however, can confer a wide range of functions, owing largely to the flexibility and large surface area that it usually possesses. From this simple structural basis, small changes in geometry, such as diameter, curvature and inter-hair spacing, can have considerable effects on mechanical properties, allowing functions such as mechanosensing, attachment, movement and protection. Here, we explore how passive features of hair-like structures, both individually and within arrays, enable diverse functions across biology. Understanding the relationships between form and function can provide biologists with an appreciation for the constraints and possibilities on hair-like structures. Additionally, such structures have already been used in biomimetic engineering with applications in sensing, water capture and adhesion. By examining hairs as a functional mechanical unit, geometry and arrangement can be rationally designed to generate new engineering devices and ideas