Posterior shoulder instability managed by arthroscopic acromial pediculated bone-block. Technique

In posterior shoulder instability (recurrent dislocation, involuntary posterior subluxation or voluntary subluxation that has become involuntary), surgery may be considered in case of failure of functional treatment if there are no psychological contraindications. Acromial bone-block with pediculated deltoid flap, as described by Kouvalchouk, is an alternative to iliac bone-block, enabling triple shoulder locking by the blocking effect, the retention hammock provided by the deltoid flap and posterior capsule repair. Arthroscopy allows shoulder joint exploration and diagnosis of associated lesions, with opening and conservation of the posterior capsule; it greatly facilitates bone-block positioning and capsule reinsertion. The present report describes the procedure in detail

Large-Scale Analysis of the Meningococcus Genome by Gene Disruption: Resistance to Complement-Mediated Lysis

The biologic role of a majority of the Neisseria meningitidis 2100 predicted coding regions is still to be assigned or experimentally confirmed. Determining the phenotypic effect of gene disruption being a fundamental approach to understanding gene function, we used high-density signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis, followed by a large-scale sequencing of the transposon insertion sites, to construct a genome-wide collection of mutants. The sequencing results for the first half of the 4548 mutants composing the library suggested that we have mutations in 80%–90% of N. meningitidis nonessential genes. This was confirmed by a whole-genome identification of the genes required for resistance to complement-mediated lysis, a key to meningococcal virulence. We show that all the genes we identified, including four previously uncharacterized, were important for the synthesis of the polysialic acid capsule or the lipooligosaccharide (LOS), suggesting that these are likely to be the only meningococcal attributes necessary for serum resistance. Our work provides a valuable and lasting resource that may lead to a global map of gene function in N. meningitidis. [Supplemental material is available online at www.genome.org. The following individuals kindly provided reagents, samples, or unpublished information as indicated in the paper: E. Carbonnelle, M. Joussemet, D. Caugant, M.-J. Quentin-Millet.

The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Asb2α in T Helper 2 Cells Negatively Regulates Antitumor Immunity in Colorectal Cancer

International audienceThe escape of cancer cells from host immunosurveillance involves a shift in immune responses, including an imbalance in Th1 and Th2 cells. A Th1-dominated immune response predicts positive outcomes in colorectal cancer. The E3 ubiquitin ligase, Asb2α, is expressed in Th2 cells, but its roles in T-cell maturation and cancer are unclear. We provide evidence that the Th2 master regulator, Gata3, induces Asb2 Loss of Asb2 did not affect Th differentiation ex vivo, but reduced IL4 production from Th2 cells. We found that high ASB2 expression was associated with poor outcome in colorectal cancer. Loss of Asb2 from hematopoietic cells promoted a Th1 response and attenuated colitis-associated tumorigenesis in mice. Diminished Th2 function correlated with increased IFNγ production and an enhanced type 1 antitumor immune response in Asb2-deficient mice. Our work suggests that Asb2α promotes a Th2 phenotype in vivo, which in turn is associated with tumor progression in a mouse model of colitis

ASB2α regulates migration of immature dendritic cells

International audienceThe actin-binding protein filamins (FLNs) are major organizers of the actin cytoskeleton. They control the elasticity and stiffness of the actin network and provide connections with the extracellular microenvironment by anchoring transmembrane receptors to the actin filaments. Although numerous studies have revealed the importance of FLN levels, relatively little is known about the regulation of its stability in physiological relevant settings. Here, we show that the ASB2α cullin 5-ring E3 ubiquitin ligase is highly expressed in immature dendritic cells (DCs) and is down-regulated after DC maturation. We further demonstrate that FLNs are substrates of ASB2α in immature DCs and therefore are not stably expressed in these cells, whereas they exhibit high levels of expression in mature DCs. Using ASB2 conditional knockout mice, we show that ASB2α is a critical regulator of cell spreading and podosome rosette formation in immature DCs. Furthermore, we show that ASB2(-/-) immature DCs exhibit reduced matrix-degrading function leading to defective migration. Altogether, our results point to ASB2α and FLNs as newcomers in DC biology

Images en tr@nsit territoires et médiums

Le programme de recherche international Images en tr@nsit : territoires et médiums, initié par le LESA (laboratoire d’études en sciences des arts, AMU, France), a pour objectif d’étudier les phénomènes actuels de déplacements, de transformations, de transcodages ou de recompositions des images. Pour en analyser les incidences esthétiques, socioculturelles et géopolitiques, ce champ de recherche tient compte des technologies innovantes relatives à la gestion des flux d’images entre divers territoires. Au- jourd’hui l’industrie de la communication fabrique des images en permanence, afin de véhiculer toutes sortes de récits médiatiques. Ce programme envisage principalement comment les artistes élaborent des espaces critiques et des contre-récits alternatifs, quels que soient leurs médiums et supports, en interro- geant en tous sens les faits par la fiction et inversement.Images en tr@nsit ne sépare pas recherche scientifique et recherche-création. En pleine transition nu- mérique, comment artistes et théoriciens interrogent-ils la relation entre l’image et le réel. Dans quelle mesure spéculent-ils sur nos relations à l’instabilité des images ? En d’autres termes, si l’image devient de plus en plus ce qui constitue ou engendre le monde selon un mouvement incessant – ce qui lui ferait perdre sa secondarité – comment est-elle encore un outil critique de connaissance par l’art ?Cet article s’articule en quatre parties :1. Usages du document et compositing artistique à l’ère de l’instabilité des images2. Images en transit et transmission : la question de l’archive3. Émergence de nouveaux récits intermédiaux : translations et transpositions matérielles de l’image4. Cartographies et territoire

A Pulmonary Lactobacillus murinus Strain Induces Th17 and RORγt + Regulatory T Cells and Reduces Lung Inflammation in Tuberculosis

International audienceThe lungs harbor multiple resident microbial communities, otherwise known as the microbiota. There is an emerging interest in deciphering whether the pulmonary microbiota modulate local immunity, and whether this knowledge could shed light on mechanisms operating in the response to respiratory pathogens. In this study, we investigate the capacity of a pulmonary Lactobacillus strain to modulate the lung T cell compartment and assess its prophylactic potential upon infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis. In naive mice, we report that a Lactobacillus murinus (Lagilactobacillus murinus) strain (CNCM I-5314) increases the presence of lung Th17 cells and of a regulatory T cell (Treg) subset known as ROR gamma t+ Tregs. In particular, intranasal but not intragastric administration of CNCM I-5314 increases the expansion of these lung leukocytes, suggesting a local rather than systemic effect. Resident Th17 and ROR gamma t+ Tregs display an immunosuppressive phenotype that is accentuated by CNCM I-5314. Despite the well-known ability of M. tuberculosis to modulate lung immunity, the immunomodulatory effect by CNCM I-5314 is dominant, as Th17 and ROR gamma t+ Tregs are still highly increased in the lung at 42-d postinfection. Importantly, CNCM I-5314 administration in M. tuberculosis-infected mice results in reduction of pulmonary inflammation, without increasing M. tuberculosis burden. Collectively, our findings provide evidence for an immunomodulatory capacity of CNCM I-5314 at steady state and in a model of chronic inflammation in which it can display a protective role, suggesting that L. murinus strains found in the lung may shape local T cells in mice and, perhaps, in humans

Host derived lipids from tuberculous pleurisy impair macrophage microbicidal associated metabolic activity

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) regulates the macrophage metabolic state to thrive in the host, yet the responsible mechanisms remain elusive. Macrophage activation toward the microbicidal (M1) program depends on the HIF-1α-mediated metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) toward glycolysis. Here, we ask whether a tuberculosis (TB) microenvironment changes the M1 macrophage metabolic state. We expose M1 macrophages to the acellular fraction of tuberculous pleural effusions (TB-PEs) and find lower glycolytic activity, accompanied by elevated levels of OXPHOS and bacillary load, compared to controls. The eicosanoid fraction of TB-PE drives these metabolic alterations. HIF-1α stabilization reverts the effect of TB-PE by restoring M1 metabolism. Furthermore, Mtb-infected mice with stabilized HIF-1α display lower bacillary loads and a pronounced M1-like metabolic profile in alveolar macrophages (AMs). Collectively, we demonstrate that lipids from a TB-associated microenvironment alter the M1 macrophage metabolic reprogramming by hampering HIF-1α functions, thereby impairing control of Mtb infection.Fil: Marin Franco, Jose Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Genoula, Melanie. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Corral, Dan. Université de Toulouse; FranciaFil: Duette, Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: Ferreyra, Malena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Maio, Mariano Nicolas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Dolotowicz, María Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Aparicio Trejo, Omar Emiliano. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biología; MéxicoFil: Patiño Martínez, Eduardo. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional; MéxicoFil: Charton, Alison. Université de Toulouse; FranciaFil: Métais, Arnaud. Université de Toulouse; FranciaFil: Fuentes, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Soldan, Vanessa. Université de Toulouse; FranciaFil: Moraña, Eduardo José. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Infecciosas "Dr. Francisco Javier Muñiz"; ArgentinaFil: Palmero, Domingo Juan. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Infecciosas "Dr. Francisco Javier Muñiz"; ArgentinaFil: Ostrowski, Matías. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: Schierloh, Pablo. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Instituto de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez Torres, Carmen. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional; MéxicoFil: Hernández Pando, Rogelio. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición; MéxicoFil: Pedraza Chaverri, José. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biología; MéxicoFil: Rombouts, Yoann. Université de Toulouse; FranciaFil: Hudrisier, Denis. Université de Toulouse; FranciaFil: Layre, Emilie. Université de Toulouse; FranciaFil: Vérollet, Christel. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Université de Toulouse; FranciaFil: Maridonneau Parini, Isabelle. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Université de Toulouse; FranciaFil: Neyrolles, Olivier. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Université de Toulouse; FranciaFil: Sasiain, María del Carmen. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Lugo Villarino, Geanncarlo. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Université de Toulouse; FranciaFil: Balboa, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Franci

La Distribution

Au début des années 1980, une enquête menée auprès de metteurs en scène pose la question des modalités, concrètes et symboliques, de la distribution. Mis à part cette enquête, exclusivement ancrée dans le champ théâtral, aucune étude systématique n’a été consacrée à la distribution dans les arts de la scène, alors même que celle-ci engage et articule des questionnements décisifs, au croisement de l’artistique, du politique et de l’économique. (…