Characterization of woody roots located in dikes by near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics

International audienceThe decomposition of tree stump and roots is highly detrimental for the safety of dikes. Root decomposition in the fills generates significant risks, particularly a risk of internal erosion by piping. In order to characterize root decomposition and assess decomposition rate, root samples were buried in experimental site. The Near-Infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and analysis of the spectral data by chemometric tools, allowed distinguishing and predicting decomposition times, tree species and root diameters

Sanctionner le pape sans rompre avec le Siège apostolique ? Retour sur la condamnation de Vigile prononcée par le concile oecuménique de Constantinople II (553)

During Late Antiquity, a pope does not usually go personally to a council convoked by the emperor. But, being present in Constantinople from 547, Vigilius can’t argue about the need to stay in his city. He has to find other reasons. For he already knows that synodal decisions will end with an  Three Chapters condamnationunbearable to West. He does not want either to represent the renouncement to pontifical program conceived by Leo. So he chooses not to take part to the synod and to publish an alternative decision (first constitutum). As a consequence, under imperial instructions, the council decides to put the maximum pressure on him and to suspend him while, so is it said, maintaining communion with Rome. Remarkable judgement, which reveals the strength of the confrontation, also interestingly attested by two successive forms of conciliar acts preserved in latin

Mise en oeuvre d'un outil d'alerte et de cartographie temps réel des aléas naturels liés aux précipitations dans les régions montagneuses et méditerranéennes du Sud-Est de la France

International audienceDue to its mountainous topography and its Mediterranean climate, the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (PACA) region in Southeastern France is particularly prone to flash floods, debris flows and mass movements (landslides and rockfall). A mapping system for these rainfall induced hazards has been tested by local and regional authorities and Government agencies since 2011 as part of the RHYTMME project. This system allows, thank to radar rainfall estimation and rainfall-runoff modelling, the real-time warning and monitoring of flash floods wherever they may occur in the PACA territory. It is also intended to enable, during intense rainfall events, the localisation of the streams susceptible to generate debris flows and of the slopes the more likely to trigger landslides and/or rockfalls

Cluster structures on quantum coordinate rings

We show that the quantum coordinate ring of the unipotent subgroup N(w) of a symmetric Kac-Moody group G associated with a Weyl group element w has the structure of a quantum cluster algebra. This quantum cluster structure arises naturally from a subcategory C_w of the module category of the corresponding preprojective algebra. An important ingredient of the proof is a system of quantum determinantal identities which can be viewed as a q-analogue of a T-system. In case G is a simple algebraic group of type A, D, E, we deduce from these results that the quantum coordinate ring of an open cell of a partial flag variety attached to G also has a cluster structure.Comment: v2: minor corrections. v3: references updated, final version to appear in Selecta Mathematic

The SIGMA rat brain templates and atlases for multimodal MRI data analysis and visualization

Preclinical imaging studies offer a unique access to the rat brain, allowing investigations that go beyond what is possible in human studies. Unfortunately, these techniques still suffer from a lack of dedicated and standardized neuroimaging tools, namely brain templates and descriptive atlases. Here, we present two rat brain MRI templates and their associated gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid probability maps, generated from ex vivo [Formula: see text]-weighted images (90 µm isotropic resolution) and in vivo T2-weighted images (150 µm isotropic resolution). In association with these templates, we also provide both anatomical and functional 3D brain atlases, respectively derived from the merging of the Waxholm and Tohoku atlases, and analysis of resting-state functional MRI data. Finally, we propose a complete set of preclinical MRI reference resources, compatible with common neuroimaging software, for the investigation of rat brain structures and functions.This work is part of the SIGMA project with the reference FCT-ANR/NEU-OSD/0258/2012, co-financed by the French public funding agency ANR (Agence Nationale pour laRecherche, APP Blanc International II 2012), the Portuguese FCT (Fundação para aCiência e Tecnologia) and the Portuguese North Regional Operational Program (ON.2—O Novo Norte) under the National Strategic Reference Framework (QREN), through theEuropean Regional Development Fund (FEDER) as well as the Projecto Estratégico co-funded by FCT (PEst-C/SAU/LA0026-/2013) and the European Regional DevelopmentFund COMPETE (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-037298). D.A.B. and A.N. were funded bygrants from FCT-ANR/NEU-OSD/0258/2012. R.M. was supported by the FCT fellow-ship grant with the reference PDE/BDE/113604/2015 from the PhDiHES program. A.C.was supported by a grant from the foundation NRJ. P.M. was funded by FundaçãoCalouste Gulbenkian (Portugal;‘Better mental health during ageing based on temporalprediction of individual brain ageing trajectories TEMPO’) with Grant Number P-139977. France Life Imaging is acknowledged for its support in funding the NeuroSpinplatform of preclinical MRI scanners. The authors also acknowledge and thank EdwardGanz, MD, for proof reading our work

T cell immunosenescence after early life adversity: association with cytomegalovirus infection.

Early life adversity (ELA) increases the risk for multiple age-related diseases, such as diabetes type 2 and cardiovascular disease. As prevalence is high, ELA poses a major and global public health problem. Immunosenescence, or aging of the immune system, has been proposed to underlie the association between ELA and long-term health consequences. However, it is unclear what drives ELA-associated immunosenescence and which cells are primarily affected. We investigated different biomarkers of immunosenescence in a healthy subset of the EpiPath cohort. Participants were either parent-reared (Ctrl, n = 59) or had experienced separation from their parents in early childhood and were subsequently adopted (ELA, n = 18). No difference was observed in telomere length or in methylation levels of age-related CpGs in whole blood, containing a heterogeneous mixture of immune cells. However, when specifically investigating T cells, we found a higher expression of senescence markers (CD57) in ELA. In addition, senescent T cells (CD57+) in ELA had an increased cytolytic potential compared to senescent cells in controls. With a mediation analysis we demonstrated that cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, which is an important driving force of immunosenescence, largely accounted for elevated CD57 expression observed in ELA. Leukocyte telomere length may obscure cell-specific immunosenescence; here, we demonstrated that the use of cell surface markers of senescence can be more informative. Our data suggest that ELA may increase the risk of CMV infection in early childhood, thereby mediating the effect of ELA on T cell-specific immunosenescence. Thus, future studies should include CMV as a confounder or selectively investigate CMV seronegative cohorts

Analyse de deux crues catastrophiques dans le Sud-Est de la France

This paper describes the reports on two recent floods in South-Eastern France and underlines the very different scenarios contributing to the appearance of these events. Moreover, both reports prove that the torrent events were a significant aggravating factor in the damage caused and show how very costly the perspective measures will be. / Le présent article expose les études réalisées sur deux crues récentes dans le sud-est de la France et souligne les différences des scénarios qui les ont engendrées. Il montre, en outre, comment, dans les deux cas, les phénomènes torrentiels ont aggravé les désordres et à quel point la mise en sécurité des zones dévastées sera difficile

Étude de l'enracinement des arbres sur la digue de Robinet, aménagement de Donzère-Mondragon

[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]RIVAGE [TR2_IRSTEA]SEDYVIN [Relecteur_IRSTEA]Royet, P.Characteristics and impact of trees rooting in Robinet earth dike are studied. Management recommendation and advices to control trees and risks are announced.Cette étude à pour objectif de caractériser l'enracinement des arbres implanté sur l'ouvrage hydraulique en remblai de la digue du Robinet et les impacts vis à vis de la sécurité. Des recommandations de gestion de la végétation et de travaux génie civil sont énoncés

Caractérisation de systèmes d'endiguement à l'heure de la GEMAPI - application au territoire de l'agglomération troyenne

[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]RIVAGE [ADD1_IRSTEA]Hydrosystèmes et risques naturelsInternational audienceIn 2016, Cerema (Centre for studies and expertise on Risks, Environment, Mobility and Urban and Country Planning) and Irstea (National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture), launched partnerships with local authorities, to provide assistance in carrying out their new missions in flood prevention and aquatic environment management. Nine of them applied as they needed technical support with the implementation of these new competences from January 1st, 2018. A few years before, in 2015, the regulation framework on hydraulic works had been reinforced. Local authorities now have to reach specific objectives on identification and supervision of flood defence systems. The new regulation framework on flood defence systems leads local authorities in charge of flood prevention to reconsider how their territories are protected, and how hydraulic structures take part into flood protection. Local authorities have thus to identify where flood defence systems are relevant and with which structures. They have to determine the level of protection and the limits of the protected areas. They also have to organize the surveillance and maintenance of the flood defence systems as well as fulfilling compulsory documents, such as risk analysis. This paper describes one example of methodology which has been developed to help a local authority in the identification of flood defence systems. It provides tools to characterize the protection with reference to the new regulation framework. It also highlights issues that are to be faced when applied on a complex territory, such as Troyes agglomeration.En 2016, le Cerema (Centre d'Études et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement) et l'Irstea (Institut national de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture) ont lancé un appel à partenariat visant à accompagner les collectivités dans la prise de compétence GEMAPI (GEstion des Milieux Aquatiques et Prévention des Inondations). Plusieurs intercommunalités se sont portées candidates avec des questionnements très concrets liés à la mise en oeuvre de la compétence au 1er janvier 2018. Dans un contexte d'évolution récente de la réglementation sur les ouvrages hydrauliques, des besoins d'accompagnement dans l'identification des systèmes de protection contre les inondations sont très vite ressortis. La nouvelle réglementation sur les systèmes d'endiguement amène en effet le responsable de la prévention des inondations à repenser le mode de protection de son territoire et le rôle des nombreux ouvrages hydrauliques présents dans l'environnement du réseau hydrographique. Avec la prise de compétence GEMAPI, les collectivités sont confrontées à des problématiques liées à l'identification physique des systèmes d'endiguement, au niveau de protection apporté, à la définition de la zone protégée, à l'organisation de la surveillance à mettre en place, et à la réalisation des études réglementaires associées, notamment les études de dangers. Cet article décrit une méthodologie proposée pour accompagner une collectivité dans l'identification des systèmes de protection contre les inondations. Des outils sont proposés, qui permettent de caractériser la protection au regard des nouveaux objectifs réglementaires. Sont également exposés quelques questionnements soulevés dans le cas de la mise en oeuvre sur le territoire de l'agglomération troyenne

Gérer la végétation des ouvrages hydraulique: concilier sécurité, biodiversité et autres fonctions

National audienceCette communication présente : * en premier lieu les principaux enjeux de sécurité attachés à la gestion de la sécurité des ouvrages hydrauliques en remblais, * puis les autres enjeux de cette gestion, dans les domaines de l'écologie, des paysages et de la demande sociale, ainsi que des enjeux émergeant ou moins connus liés au changement climatique et aux incendies. * Tous ces points sont illustrés à travers des exemples concrets et retour d'expérience récents sur des digues et barrages en France