Genetic diversity of HLA system in two populations from Puebla, Mexico: Puebla city and rural Puebla

We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 2827 Mexicans from the state of Puebla living in the city of Puebla (N = 1994) and rural communities (N = 833), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We found that the 16 most frequent haplotypes in Puebla are all of them Native American. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in the state of Puebla are Native American (72.21 ± 1.25 by ML; 63.30 of Native American haplotypes) and European (21.05 ± 1.92 by ML; 23.86 of European haplotypes), and a less prominent African genetic component (6.74 ± 2.20 by ML; 6.20 of African haplotypes)

Epitope structure of the carbohydrate recognition domain of asialoglycoprotein receptor to a monoclonal antibody revealed by high resolution proteolytic excision mass spectrometry

Recent studies suggest that the H1 subunit of the carbohydrate recognition domain (H1CRD) of the asialoglycoprotein receptor is used as an entry site into hepatocytes by hepatitis A and B viruses and Marburg virus. Thus, molecules binding specifically to the CRD might exert inhibition towards these diseases by blocking the virus entry site. We report here the identification of the epitope structure of H1CRD to a monoclonal antibody by proteolytic epitope excision of the immune complex and high-resolution MALDI-FTICR mass spectrometry. As a prerequisite of the epitope determination, the primary structure of the H1CRD antigen was characterised by ESI-FTICR-MS of the intact protein and by LC-MS/MS of tryptic digest mixtures. Molecular mass determination and proteolytic fragments provided the identification of two intramolecular disulfide bridges (seven Cys residues), and a Cys-mercaptoethanol adduct formed by treatment with β-mercaptoethanol during protein extraction. The H1CRD antigen binds to the monoclonal antibody in both native and Cys-alkylated form. For identification of the epitope, the antibody was immobilized on N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-activated Sepharose. Epitope excision and epitope extraction with trypsin and FTICR-MS of affinity-bound peptides provided the identification of two specific epitope peptides (5–16) and (17–23) that showed high affinity to the antibody. Affinity studies of the synthetic epitope peptides revealed independent binding of each peptide to the antibody

Genetic diversity of HLA system in two populations from Oaxaca, Mexico: Oaxaca city and rural Oaxaca

We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 636 Mexicans from the state of Oaxaca living in the city of Oaxaca (N = 151) and rural communities (N = 485), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We found that the 13 most frequent haplotypes in Oaxaca are all of putative Native American origin. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in the state of Oaxaca are Native American (73.12 ± 2.77 by ML; 61.52 of Native American haplotypes) and European (17.36 ± 2.07 by ML; 20.69 of European haplotypes), and a relatively high African genetic component (9.52 ± 0.88 by ML; 8.94 of African haplotypes)

Property change in multifunctional TiCxOy thin films: Effect of the O/Ti ratio

TiCxOy films with various O/Ti ratios have been deposited by DC magnetron sputtering, using C pieces incrusted in a Ti target erosion area. Composition analysis revealed the existence of three different growth regimes: (i) zone I, corresponding to films with metallic-like appearance, and atomic ratios O/Ti below one; (ii) zone II, with films revealing interference-like colours, and atomic ratios O/Ti higher than 2. Between these two regions, there was a transition zone T, where the atomic ratio O/Ti is between one and two. The films within this zone revealed a brown colour. X-ray diffraction (XRD) structural characterization results showed an evolution from a mixed Ti(C,O) phase at lower O/Ti ratio, to a quasi-amorphous structure within zone T, and poorly crystallized rutile and anatase TiO2 at the highest O/Ti ratios (zone II). These different structural arrangements resulting from different film's compositions had clear effects on electrical resistivity, whose values increased from about 7 × 102 to 2 × 1011 [mu][Omega] cm with increase of the O/Ti ratio. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to further confirm the different nature of films structure and, thus, to better understand their properties variation. The observed behaviour was found to be in straight correlation with those of XRD.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TW0-4KWK0WW-3/1/f0de0f5875ba8dd82aec3345e10bf93

Genetic diversity of HLA system in seven populations from Veracruz, Mexico: Veracruz city, Coatzacoalcos, Córdoba, Orizaba, Poza Rica, Xalapa and rural Veracruz

We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 1113 Mexicans from the state of Veracruz living in the cities of Coatzacoalcos (N = 55), Orizaba (N = 60), Córdoba (N = 56), Poza Rica (N = 45), Veracruz (N = 171), Xalapa (N = 187) and rural communities (N = 539) to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We found that the most frequent haplotypes include 12 Native American haplotypes. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components are Native American (64.93 ± 1.27 by ML; 55.10 of Native American haplotypes) and European (26.56 ± 0.89 by ML; 28.38 of European haplotypes), and a relatively high African genetic component (8.52 ± 1.82 by ML; 8.78 of African haplotypes)

Genetic diversity of HLA system in six populations from Mexico City Metropolitan Area, Mexico: Mexico City North, Mexico City South, Mexico City East, Mexico City West, Mexico City Center and rural Mexico City

We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 1217 Mexicans from the Mexico City Metropolitan Area living in the northern (N = 751), southern (N = 52), eastern (N = 79), western (N = 33), and central (N = 152) Mexico City, and rural communities (N = 150), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We found that the most frequent haplotypes include 11 Native American haplotypes. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components are Native American (63.85 ± 1.55 by ML; 57.19 of Native American haplotypes) and European (28.53 ± 3.13 by ML; 28.40 of European haplotypes), and a less apparent African genetic component (7.61 ± 1.96 by ML; 7.17 of African haplotypes)

Genetic diversity of HLA system in two populations from Hidalgo, Mexico: Pachuca and rural Hidalgo

We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 122 Mexicans from the state of Hidalgo living in the city of Pachuca (N = 41) and rural communities (N = 81), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We find that the most frequent haplotypes in Hidalgo include eight Native American and one European haplotypes. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in Hidalgo are Native American (58.93 ± 2.16 by ML; 54.51 of Native American haplotypes) and European (32.49 ± 2.88 by ML; 28.69 of European haplotypes), and a relatively high African genetic component (8.58 ± 0.93 by ML; 6.97 of African haplotypes)