Vildagliptin therapy reduces postprandial intestinal triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles in patients with type 2 diabetes

Peer reviewe

Metaphorical and interlingual translation in moving organizational practices across languages

Organizational scholars refer to translation as a metaphor in order to describe the transformation and movement of organizational practices across institutional contexts. However, they have paid relatively little attention to the challenges of moving organizational practices across language boundaries. In this conceptual paper, we theorize that when organizational practices move across contexts that differ not only in terms of institutions and cultures but also in terms of languages, translation becomes more than a metaphor; it turns into reverbalization of meaning in another language. We argue that the meeting of languages opens up a whole new arena for translator agency to unfold. Interlingual and metaphorical translation are two distinct but interrelated forms of translation that are mutually constitutive. We identify possible constellations between interlingual and metaphorical translation and illustrate agentic translation with published case examples. We also propose that interlingual translation is a key resource in the discursive constitution of multilingual organizations. This paper contributes to the stream of research in organization studies that has made translation a core aspect of its inquiry

Micropolitical dynamics of interlingual translation processes in an MNC subsidiary

An analysis of the process whereby a Polish subsidiary of a North American pharmaceutical company translated a set of corporate values into Polis

Work Engagement, Burnout and Personal Accomplishments Among Social Workers: A Comparison Between Those Working in Children and Adults’ Services in England

Social workers (SWs) provide emotional and practical support to vulnerable service users who are likely to suffer from emotional trauma and mental health conditions. Stress and burnout levels are reported to be high among SWs, however, little is known about their relationships with different characteristics. The current article utilises unique and large dataset (n?=?3786) on SWs working in adults and children’s services to examine factors associated with burnout. Employing job-demand/resources model and structural equations modelling, we highlight the varying significant impact of work-engagement, administrative support and work experience as moderating factors to burnout across adult and children service specialism in this sample

Dihydropyridine receptors in skeletal muscle with comparative reference to muscle development and exercise in mouse and salmon

Abstract The dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) in the skeletal muscle plasma membrane functions as a voltage sensor for excitation-contraction coupling. In the present work the expression and special features of DHPR were studied under various conditions. In order to localize and visualize the DHPRs, a method using fluorophore-conjugated dihydropyridine molecules as a probe was developed. In addition, different laboratory assays and electrophysiological measurements were used to study the expression of the myofibrillar proteins, force production of the muscle and conduction velocity of the plasma membrane. During the postnatal development of mouse skeletal muscle the density of DHPR increased. By the time of DHPR appearance, the expression of sodium channels had started and the typical assembly of basic structural components and membrane compartments was clearly detectable. According to the histochemical analysis, the DHPR was selectively expressed in type IIA muscle fibres of mouse. In addition to the fibre type specificity, the uneven distribution of DHPRs was also seen at the muscle level. The attenuation of the contraction force after addition of DHPR blocker was largest in muscles with a high percentage of type IIA fibres. In fish muscles, the distribution of DHPR was homogenous and the density between different fibre types was quite similar. In gastrocnemius muscle of mouse, the density and mRNA expression of DHPR increased significantly by 21.5 and 66.8%, respectively, after a 15-week aerobic exercise programme. The increase correlated significantly with the raise in % myosin heavy chain IIa isoform. In thigh and heart muscles, no significant changes were observed. In fish, the environmental change following hatchery release and downstream migration of 46.5 km induced an increase in the DHPR density in swimming muscles. Furthermore, a transition of phenotypic profile from fast-to-slow fibres was observed. Taken together, the present data provide evidence for the fact that the expression of DHPR increases during postnatal development. Moreover, the expression correlates with a specific fibre-type metabolism, thus having an impact on the overall contractile properties of the muscle. This is further manifested as an increase in the DHPR density after endurance training in mammalian as well as in fish muscle. In addition, a strong correlation exists between the level of muscle activity and the density of DHPR.Tiivistelmä Poikkijuovaisen lihaksen solukalvolla esiintyvä dihydropyridiini (DHP) reseptori toimii jännitesensorina lihaksen ärsytys-supistus kytkennässä. Tässä työssä tutkittiin DHP reseptorin erityispiirteitä sekä erilaisten fysiologisten tekijöiden vaikutusta reseptorin ilmenemiseen. DHP reseptorien visualisointiin kehitettiin histologinen värjäysmenetelmä, jossa merkkiaineena toimi fluorofori-konjugoitu DHP molekyyli. Lisäksi työssä tutkittiin lihaksen proteiinien ekspressiota, lihaksen voimantuottoa sekä solukalvon johtonopeutta erilaisten määritysmenetelmien ja elektrofysiologisten mittausmenetelmien avulla. Tulokset osoittivat, että yksilönkehityksen aikana DHP reseptorien tiheys kasvoi hiiren poikkijuovaisessa lihaksessa. DHP reseptorien ekspression alkaessa natriumkanavat olivat jo ilmaantuneet solukalvolle ja lihassolun rakenne oli pitkälle erilaistunut. Histokemiallisten määritysten perusteella DHP reseptorin ekspressio oli selektiivistä. Reseptoreita esiintyi runsaimmin tyypin IIA soluissa. Reseptoriproteiinin solutyyppispesifisyys oli huomattavissa myös lihastasolla. Tulosten mukaan proteiinin salpaaja alensi lihaksen supistumisvoimaa erityisesti niissä hiiren lihaksissa, joiden solutyyppikoostumuksessa tyypillä IIA on suuri prosentuaalinen osuus. Kalan lihaksissa DHP reseptorit olivat homogeenisesti jakautuneet. Lisäksi reseptoritiheys oli samankaltainen eri solutyyppien välillä. 15 viikon aerobinen harjoittelu lisäsi sekä DHP reseptorin proteiini- että mRNA- ekspressiota tilastollisesti merkitsevästi (21,5 ja 66,8 %) hiiren kantalihaksessa. Ekspression kasvu korreloi merkitsevästi samanaikaisesti tapahtuneen myosiini isomuoto IIa määrän kasvun kanssa. Reisi- ja sydänlihaksessa merkittäviä muutoksia ei havaittu. Kalan uintilihaksissa DHP reseptorien tiheys kasvoi vapauttamisen jälkeisen ympäristön muutoksen ja 46,5 km pituisen vaelluksen jälkeen. Lisäksi lihasten solutyyppikoostumuksessa tapahtui muutos kohti hitaasti supistuvia solutyyppejä. Yhteenvetona voidaan todeta, että saatujen tulosten perusteella DHP reseptorien ekspressio kasvaa syntymän jälkeen hiiren poikkijuovaisessa lihaksessa. Solujen erilaistuessa ekspressio korreloi solutyyppimetabolian kanssa vaikuttaen edelleen lihaksen supistumisominaisuuksiin. Tästä johtuen myös kestävyysharjoittelun seurauksena DHP reseptorien määrä kasvaa sekä nisäkkään että kalan lihaksissa. Erityisesti lihaksen aktiivisuudella on merkitystä DHP reseptorin ekspressioon

Expression of AMPK, SIRT1, and ACC differs between winter- and summer-acclimatized Djungarian hamsters

Abstract The wintering strategy of the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) includes a naturally occurring decrease in food intake and body mass. Our aim was to investigate the conceivable role of the metabolic regulators, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), in the seasonal adaptation of the Djungarian hamster. In addition, a rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), was studied. Relative protein expressions and phosphorylated forms (pAMPK and pACC) were determined by Western blot from subcutaneous white adipose tissues (sWAT), abdominal white adipose tissues (aWAT), interscapular brown adipose tissues (iBAT), skeletal muscle, and hypothalamus of winter- and summer-acclimatized hamsters. The winter group had higher AMPK expression in sWAT, aWAT, and iBAT, but the relative amount of phosphorylated protein (pAMPK/AMPK ratio) was lower in these tissues. Furthermore, ACC expression was higher in sWAT and iBAT of the winter animals. pACC (inactive form) levels were higher in all adipose tissues, yet a lower pACC/ACC ratio was detected in iBAT of the winter hamsters. Muscle AMPK expression was lower but pAMPK/AMPK ratio higher in the winter group. SIRT1 expression was higher in muscle and all adipose tissues of the winter hamsters. Hypothalamic protein expressions did not differ between the groups. Higher expressions of AMPK, ACC, and SIRT1 in WAT and iBAT of the winter hamsters suggest a role in the regulation of lipid reserves and increased thermogenic capacity characteristic to the winter-adapted Djungarian hamsters