The Multi-Source National Forest Inventory of Finland – methods and results 2013

This report presents the methods and results of the Finnish multi-source forest inventory corresponding to year 2013. In addition to field data, satellite images, digital map data and other georeferenced data were used. The main purpose of the article is to make multi-source forest inventory results available for the users and to help the users to understand the principles of the methods and advantages and limitations of the products. The field data originate from the 11th Finnish National Forest Inventory from years 2009 to 2013. The field data have been computationally updated to the date 31 July, 2013. The satellite images where from years 2012 – 2014. The basic features of the improved k-NN, ik-NN, estimation method are described. The results are presented by the regions of the Public Service unit of the Finnish Forest Centre and within the regions by municipalities, the boundaries as on 1.1.2014. The estimates are given, for example, for land areas, areas of tree species dominance, age, and development classes of stands and often separately for forests available for wood supply. The mean volume and total volume estimates are given in many different ways: by tree species and by timber assortments for forest land, and combined forest land and poorly productive forest land and also for forests available for wood supply, as well as by age and development classes. The biomass estimates are given, in addition to the total biomass estimates, by tree species groups in young thinning stands in which the first commercial thinning was proposed for the first 5-year period, separately for stem and bark and branches and foliage. The biomass estimates of mature forests are presented separately for branches, foliage and stem residuals, and stumps and large roots by tree species groups. These biomass estimates are given separately for land available for wood supply. All presented results can be employed in calculating forest resource estimates also for regions larger than municipalities. The error sources for the estimates as well as the reliability of the estimates are briefly discussed in Section 3.4.4 and Chapter 5.201

The Multi-Source National Forest Inventory of Finland – methods and results 2015

The tables listed in the Appendix can be retrieved from the URL: http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-326-712-1This report presents the methods and results of the Finnish multi-source forest inventory corresponding to year 2015. In addition to field data, satellite images, digital map data and other georeferenced data were used. The main purpose of the article is to make multi-source forest inventory results available for the users and to help the users to understand the principles of the methods and advantages and limitations of the products. The field data originate from the 11th and 12th Finnish National Forest Inventory from years 2012 to 2016. The field data have been computationally updated to the date 31 July, 2015. The satellite images where from years 2015 and 2016 (one frame). The basic features of the improved k-NN, ik-NN, estimation method are described. A new image window based calibration step has been added to processing of some themes. The results are presented by region (maakunta) and within the regions by municipality, the boundaries as on 1.1.2016. The estimates are given, for example, for land areas, areas of tree species dominance, age, and development classes of stands and often separately for forests available for wood supply. The mean volume and total volume estimates are given in many different ways: by tree species and by timber assortments for forest land, and combined forest land and poorly productive forest land and also for forests available for wood supply, as well as by age and development classes. The biomass estimates are given, in addition to the total biomass estimates, by tree species groups in young thinning stands in which the first commercial thinning was proposed for the first 5-year period, separately for stem and bark and branches and foliage. The biomass estimates of mature forests are presented separately for branches, foliage and stem residuals, and stumps and large roots by tree species groups. These biomass estimates are given separately for land available for wood supply. In addition to the tabular results, numerical forest resource maps have been computed for 44 themes. The themes include the same variables than in the tables, but the estimation unit is a pixel. Estimates for arbitrary larger units can be computed from the raster maps. Some of the differences between the tabulated results and similar results computed from the maps are discussed in the report.201

Experiences on redesigning NFI-plot to support classification of laser scanning data

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Monilähteisen VMI:n ongelmia ja ratkaisuja

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SMK:n ja VMI:n inventointien yhteistyömahdollisuuksia: VMI:n näkökulma

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The Multi-source National Forest Inventory of Finland - methods and results 2007

A paper in the series of the results of the multi-source national forest inventory.Layout: Sari ElomaaThis article presents the results of the Finnish multi-source forest inventory based on satellite images, digital map data and field data. The main purpose of the article is to make multi-source forest inventory results available for the foresters, and all the readers interested in forests and forest environment. The field data originates from the 10th Finnish National Forest Inventory from years 2005 to 2008 . The basic features of the employed improved k-NN, ik-NN, method are described. The results are presented by forestry centres and within forestry centres by municipalities. The estimates are given, for example, for land areas, areas of tree species dominance, age and development classes and often separately for forests available for wood supply. The mean volume and total volume estimates are given in many different ways: mean volumes by tree species and by timber assortments for forest land, poorly productive forest land and their combination and also for forests available for wood supply, as well as by age and development classes. The biomass estimates are given by tree species groups in young thinning stands in which first commercial thinning was proposed for the first 5-year-period, separately for stem and bark and branches and foliage. The biomass estimates of mature forests are presented separately for branches, foliage and stem residuals, and stumps and large roots by tree species groups. All biomass estimates are given separately for land available for wood supply. The presented results can be employed in calculating forest resource estimates also for regions larger than municipalities. The error sources for the estimates as well as the reliability of the estimates are briefly discussed in Section 3.2.3 and Chapter 5

The Multi-Source National Forest Inventory of Finland — methods and results 2017 and 2019

This report presents the methods and results of the Finnish multi-source forest inventory corresponding to years 2017 and 2019. In addition to field data, satellite images, digital map data and other georeferenced data were used. The main purpose of the article is to make multi-source forest inventory results available for the users and to help the users to understand the principles of the methods and advantages and limitations of the products. The field data originate from the 11th, 12th and 13th Finnish National Forest Inventory from years 2012 to 2019. The field data have been computationally updated to the date 31 July 2017 or 31 July 2019. The satellite images where from years 2017 and 2018 (two frames) for the 2017 product and years 2018 and 2019 for the 2019 product. The basic features of the improved k-NN, ik-NN, estimation method are described. A new image window-based calibration step has been added to processing of some themes. The results are presented by region (maakunta) and within the regions by municipality, the boundaries as on 1.1.2018 or 1.1.2020. The estimates are given, for example, for land areas, areas of tree species dominance, age, and development classes of stands and often separately for forests available for wood supply. The mean volume and total volume estimates are given in many different ways: by tree species and by timber assortments for forest land, and combined forest land and poorly productive forest land and also for forests available for wood supply, as well as by age and development classes. The biomass estimates are given, in addition to the total biomass estimates, by tree species groups in young thinning stands in which the first commercial thinning was proposed for the first 5-year period, separately for stem and bark and branches and foliage. The biomass estimates of mature forests are presented separately for branches, foliage and stem residuals, and stumps and large roots by tree species groups. These biomass estimates are given separately for land available for wood supply. In addition to the tabular results, numerical forest resource maps have been computed for 44 themes. The themes include the same variables than in the tables, but the estimation unit is a pixel. Estimates for arbitrary larger units can be computed from the raster maps. Some of the differences between the tabulated results and similar results computed from the maps are discussed in the report

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP, DAN MOTIVASI DENGAN PERILAKU CUCI TANGAN PAKAI SABUN (CTPS) PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI TRIDADI, SLEMAN, DIY

Latar Belakang: Cuci tangan pakai sabun merupakan salah satu tindakan sanitasi dengan membersihkan tangan dan jari-jemari menggunakan air dan sabun untuk menjadi bersih serta dapat mencegah terjadinya penyakit. Cuci tangan pakai sabun merupakan indikator dari program Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) di sekolah. Kebiasaan cuci tangan penting untuk diajarkan sejak dini karena anak-anak merupakan calon agen perubahan untuk lingkungan sekitarnya. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi terbentuknya perilaku cuci tangan adalah pengetahuan, sikap, motivasi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan motivasi dengan perilaku cuci tangan pakai sabun (CTPS) pada siswa SDN Tridadi, Sleman, DIY. Metode: Jenis penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 4 dan 5 SDN Tridadi sebanyak 46 responden menggunakan teknik total sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Analisi data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat yaitu uji chi square. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 65,2% siswa memiliki pengetahuan tinggi 60,9% siswa memiliki sikap tinggi. 56,5% siswa memiliki motivasi tinggi. Serta 54,3% siswa memiliki perilaku cuci tangan pakai sabun baik. Hasil uji statistik dengan analisis Chi Square menunjukkan ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan (P= 0,047), sikap (P= 0,001), dan motivasi (P= 0,044) dengan perilaku CTPS pada siswa SDN Tridadi, Sleman, DIY. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan bahwa ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan motivasi dengan perilaku cuci tangan pakai sabun pada siswa SDN Tridadi, Sleman, DIY

Long-term demographic surveys reveal a consistent relationship between average occupancy and abundance within local populations of a butterfly metapopulation

Species distribution models are the tool of choice for large-scale population monitoring, environmental association studies and predictions of range shifts under future environmental conditions. Available data and familiarity of the tools rather than the underlying population dynamics often dictate the choice of specific method - especially for the case of presence-absence data. Yet, for predictive purposes, the relationship between occupancy and abundance embodied in the models should reflect the actual population dynamics of the modelled species. To understand the relationship of occupancy and abundance in a heterogeneous landscape at the scale of local populations, we built a spatio-temporal regression model of populations of the Glanville fritillary butterfly Melitaea cinxia in a Baltic Sea archipelago. Our data comprised nineteen years of habitat surveys and snapshot data of land use in the region. We used variance partitioning to quantify relative contributions of land use, habitat quality and metapopulation covariates. The model revealed a consistent and positive, but noisy relationship between average occupancy and mean abundance in local populations. Patterns of abundance were highly variable across years, with large uncorrelated random variation and strong local population stochasticity. In contrast, the spatio-temporal random effect, habitat quality, population connectivity and patch size explained variation in occupancy, vindicating metapopulation theory as the basis for modelling occupancy patterns in fragmented landscapes. Previous abundance was an important predictor in the occupancy model, which points to a spillover of abundance into occupancy dynamics. While occupancy models can successfully model large-scale population structure and average occupancy, extinction probability estimates for local populations derived from occupancy-only models are overconfident, as extinction risk is dependent on actual, not average, abundance.Peer reviewe

Spatio-temporal divergence in the responses of Finland's boreal forests to climate variables

Spring greening in boreal forest ecosystems has been widely linked to increasing temperature, but few studies have attempted to unravel the relative effects of climate variables such as maximum temperature (TMX), minimum temperature (TMN), mean temperature (TMP), precipitation (PRE) and radiation (RAD) on vegetation growth at different stages of growing season. However, clarifying these effects is fundamental to better understand the relationship between vegetation and climate change. This study investigated spatio-temporal divergence in the responses of Finland's boreal forests to climate variables using the plant phenology index (PPI) calculated based on the latest Collection V006 MODIS BRDF-corrected surface reflectance products (MCD43C4) from 2002 to 2018, and identified the dominant climate variables controlling vegetation change during the growing season (May-September) on a monthly basis. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to quantify the response of PPI to climate variables and distinguish the separate impacts of different variables. The study results show the dominant effects of temperature on the PPI in May and June, with TMX, TMN and TMP being the most important explanatory variables for the variation of PPI depending on the location, respectively. Meanwhile, drought had an unexpectedly positive impact on vegetation in few areas. More than 50 % of the variation of PPI could be explained by climate variables for 68.5 % of the entire forest area in May and 87.7 % in June, respectively. During July to September, the PPI variance explained by climate and corresponding spatial extent rapidly decreased. Nevertheless, the RAD was found be the most important explanatory variable to July PPI in some areas. In contrast, the PPI in August and September was insensitive to climate in almost all of the regions studied. Our study gives useful insights on quantifying and identifying the relative importance of climate variables to boreal forest, which can be used to predict the possible response of forest under future warming.Peer reviewe