Density estimates on a parabolic spde

We consider a general class of parabolic spde's [formula] with (t, x) [member of] [0, T]×[0, 1] and [epsilon]Wt,x, [epsilon] > 0, a perturbed Gaussian space-time white noise. For (t, x) [member of] (0, T]×(0, 1) we prove the called Davies and Varadhan-Léandre estimates of the density p[epsilon]t,x of the solution u[epsilon]t,x

Valor nutricional de los ácidos grasos de los peces de agua dulce neotropicales Prochilodus magdalenae, Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum y Ageneiosus pardalis

This study aimed to determine the nutritional value of the fatty acids in the freshwater fish Prochilodus magdalenae, Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum and Ageneiosus pardalis during dry and wet Neotropical seasons with the view to generate useful information for nutrition and sustainable commercial exploitation. The analysis of fatty acids was performed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and the nutritional value was calculated using five estimators: n-6/n-3 ratio, unsaturation index (UI), atherogenicity index (AI), thrombogenicity index (TI) and ratio of hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (h/H) fatty acids. A different number of fatty acids (P. magdaleniatum = 50, P. magdalenae = 41, and A. pardalis = 32) was identified for each species and the average abundance percentages were different in the two seasons (p < 0.05). Prochilodus magdalenae and P. magdaleniatum showed healthy n-6/n-3 ratios (1.04 and 2.72) in the different seasons. Although the three species showed low values of UI (0.37–0.63), the remaining nutritional indexes were within the healthy range (AI: 0.04–0.70, TI: 0.66–1.07, h/H: 0.80 – 24.40). Multivariate analysis showed similar healthy nutritional values for the species, with exception of P. magdaleniatum.En este estudio se determinó el valor nutricional de ácidos grasos presentes en las especies P. magdaleniatum, P. magdalenae y A. pardalis en los periodos lluvioso y seco, con el fin de generar información útil para una nutrición saludable y una explotación comercial sostenible. El análisis de los ácidos grasos se realizó por CG-EM y el valor nutricional se estimó mediante relación n-6/n-3, índices de insaturación (II), aterogenicidad (IA), trombogenicidad (IT) y relación de ácidos grasos hipocolesterolémicos/hipercolesterolémicos (h/H). Se identificaron números diferentes de ácidos grasos en cada especie (P. magdaleniatum = 50, P. magdalenae = 41 and A. pardalis = 32) y las medias de los porcentajes mayoritarios fueron diferentes en los dos periodos (p < 0,05). Las especies P. magdalenae y P. magdaleniatum mostraron relaciones n-6/n-3 saludables (1,04 y 2,72) en periodos diferentes. Aunque las tres especies mostraron valores II bajos (0,37-0,63), los demás índices IA (0,04-0,70), TI (0,66-1,07) y h/H (0,80 – 24,40) están dentro del rango saludable. El análisis multivariante mostró valores nutricionales similares en dos especies excepto P. magdaleniatum

A new battery-charging method suggested by molecular dynamics simulations

Based on large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, we propose a new charging method that should be capable of charging a Lithium-ion battery in a fraction of the time needed when using traditional methods. This charging method uses an additional applied oscillatory electric field. Our simulation results show that this charging method offers a great reduction in the average intercalation time for Li+ ions, which dominates the charging time. The oscillating field not only increases the diffusion rate of Li+ ions in the electrolyte but, more importantly, also enhances intercalation by lowering the corresponding overall energy barrier.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Asymptotic behaviour of the density in a parabolic SPDE

Consider the density of the solution $X(t,x)$ of a stochastic heat equation with small noise at a fixed $t\in [0,T]$, $x \in [0,1]$. In the paper we study the asymptotics of this density as the noise is vanishing. A kind of Taylor expansion in powers of the noise parameter is obtained. The coefficients and the residue of the expansion are explicitly calculated. In order to obtain this result some type of exponential estimates of tail probabilities of the difference between the approximating process and the limit one is proved. Also a suitable local integration by parts formula is developped.Malliavin Calculus, parabolic SPDE, large deviations, Taylor expansion of a density, exponential estimates of the tail probabilities, stochastic integration by parts formula

The integration of the immigrants in spain and its regions

Este artículo presenta un novedoso sistema de medición de la integración de las personas inmigrantes en las regiones españolas. Complementando en varios aspectos la iniciativa lanzada años atrás por las instituciones europeas (Declaración de Zaragoza), el sistema de medición propuesto comprende 24 indicadores que abarcan cuatro áreas: la situación laboral; las relaciones sociales e intergrupales; el bienestar individual, y el acceso a derechos de ciudadanía. Basándose en un amplio abanico de fuentes secundarias, consigue algo inédito: una completa cobertura estadística a escala infraestatal. El sistema sienta las bases para un seguimiento longitudinal y su ejecución con datos de 2011 permite comprobar el impacto de los primeros años de crisis económica sobre la integración de la población inmigrante. Los resultados señalan cierta ambivalencia, con una situación crecientemente desfavorecida de las personas inmigrantes en los ámbitos de Empleo y Bienestar, en comparación con la población nativa. En cambio, en los ámbitos de Ciudadanía y Relaciones Sociales se observa una evolución positiva, incluso en el periodo de recesión económica. La naturaleza polifacética de estos procesos y las disparidades territoriales dan lugar a tres perfiles regionales distintos.Peer Reviewe

Diversidad de hormigas en parches de bosques secos y húmedos de Costa Rica

In The Palmar Viejo de Parrita and the patches of the successional forests of La Selva Research Station, it&rsquo;s been studied the ants (Hymenoptera) as a morpho-species (as a lackof taxonomic key). Systematic sampling methods were developed, using as bait to attrack the ants sardine placed inside open flasks. The results showed that in The Palmar Viejo de Parrita, the Bases of the Palm trees, were more variable in matters of morpho-species of ants than it Between Four Palm trees. A greater rate of diversity was shown at the Base of the Palm trees in relationship to the samples taking in betwee four palm trees. The similarity and traslaping rates between the two plots of African palm trees (Elaeis guineensis), were closet o an average value. Neverthelees, the successional forests from La Selva are richer in ant morpho-species than The Palm trees forests found in Parrita. The most diverse forest was that one of 0-1 years old the highest similarity rate was found in the forest of 3-4 years old. The percentual traslaping rate of the patches of successional forest from La Selva, are closet o the average. Parrita and La Selva are diferent in species variability. The patches of forests found at La Selva are slightly more diverse than those of Palmar Viejo de Parrita. The similarity rates of the tree plots found at La Selva Research Station are slightly greater than those of Parrita the traslaping rates of Parrita and La Selva Research station are clase to the average.En El Palmar Viejo de Parrita y en los parches de bosques sucesionales de la Estación Biológica La Selva, se estudiaron las hormigas (Himenóptera) como morfo-especies. Métodos de muestreos sistemáticos fueron desarrollados, usando como cebo atrayente de hormigas, “Sardinas” en el interior de frascos destapados. Resultados indican que en El Palmar Viejo de Parrita, Pie de Palma, fue más variable en morfo-especies de hormigas que Entre Cuatro Palma. Mayor índice de diversidad presentó Pie de Palma en relación a Entre Cuatro Palmeras. Los índices de similitud y traslape entre las dos parcelas de Palma Africana (Elaeis guineensis), fueron cerca del valor medio. Los bosques sucesionales de La Selva, son más variables en morfo-especies de hormigas con relación a Los Palmares de Parrita. El bosque más diverso en morfo-especies de hormigas, fue el de 0-1 año. El más alto índice de similitud en morfo-especies de hormigas, fue encontrado en el bosque secundario de 3-4 años. Los índices de traslape porcentual de los parches de bosques sucesionales de La Selva, son próximos a la media. Parrita y la Selva, son diferentes en variabilidad de especies. Los parches de bosques de La Selva, son ligeramente más diversos que El Palmar Viejo de Parrita. Los índices de similitud de las tres parcelas de la Estación Biológica La Selva, son ligeramente superiores a los de Parrita. Los índices de traslape en Parrita y la Estación Biológica La Selva, fueron próximos a la media

Communication: Improving the density functional theoryU description of CeO 2 by including the contribution of the O 2p electrons

Density functional theory (DFT) based approaches within the local-density approximation or generalized gradient approximation frameworks fail to predict the correct electron localization in strongly correlated systems due to the lack of cancellation of the Coulomb self-interaction. This problem might be circumvented either by using hybrid functionals or by introducing a Hubbard-like term to account for the on site interactions. This latter DFTU approach is less expensive and therefore more practical for extensive calculations in solid-state computational simulations. By and large, the U term only affects the metal electrons, in our case the Ce 4f ones. In the present work, we report a systematic analysis of the effect of adding such a U term also to the oxygen 2p electrons. We find that using a set of U f 5 eV and U p 5eV effective terms leads to improved description of the lattice parameters, band gaps, and formation and reduction energies of CeO

The status of shark and ray fishery resources in the Gulf of California: applied research to improve management and conservation

Seasonal surveys were conducted during 1998–1999 in Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, and Sinaloa to determine the extent and activities of artisanal elasmobranch fisheries in the Gulf of California. One hundred and forty–seven fishing sites, or camps, were documented, the majority of which (n = 83) were located in Baja California Sur. Among camps with adequate fisheries information, the great majority (85.7%) targeted elasmobranchs during some part of the year. Most small, demersal sharks and rays were landed in mixed species fisheries that also targeted demersal teleosts, but large sharks were usually targeted in directed drift gillnet or, to a lesser extent, surface longline fisheries. Artisanal fishermen were highly opportunistic, and temporally switched targets depending on the local productivity of teleost, invertebrate, and elasmobranch fishery resources. Major fisheries for small sharks ( 1.5 m, “tiburón”) were minor components of artisanal elasmobranch fisheries in Sonora and Sinaloa, but were commonly targeted during summer and early autumn in Baja California and Baja California Sur. The pelagic thresher shark (Alopias pelagicus) and silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) were most commonly landed in Baja California, whereas a diverse assemblage of pelagic and large coastal sharks was noted among Baja California Sur landings. Rays dominated summer landings in Baja California and Sinaloa, when elevated catch rates of the shovelnose guitarfish (Rhinobatos productus, 13.2 individuals/vessel/trip) and golden cownose ray (Rhinoptera steindachneri, 11.1 individuals/vesse/trip) primarily supported the respective fisheries. The Sonoran artisanal elasmobranch fishery was the most expansive recorded during this study, and rays (especially R. productus) dominated spring and summer landings in this state. Seasonal catch rates of small demersal sharks and rays were considerably greater in Sonora than in other surveyed states. Many tiburón populations (e.g., C. leucas, C. limbatus, C. obscurus, Galeocerdo cuvier) have likely been overfished, possibly shifting effort towards coastal populations of cazón and rays. Management recommendations, including conducting demographic analyses using available life history data, determining and protecting nursery areas, and enacting seasonal closures in areas of elasmobranch aggregation (e.g., reproduction, feeding), are proposed. Without effective, enforceable management to sustain or rebuild targeted elasmobranch populations in the Gulf of California, collapse of many fisheries is a likely outcome. (PDF contains 243 pages