Reconstrução tridimensional dinâmica do coração através da ecocardiografia transesofágica

Copyright © 1997-99 Arquivos Brasileiros de CardiologiaObjective – To evaluate echocardiography accuracy in performing and obtaining images for dynamical threedimensional (3D) reconstruction. Methods – Three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction was obtained in 20 consecutive patients who underwent transesophageal echocardiography. A multiplanar 5 MHz transducer was used for 3D reconstruction. Results – Twenty patients were studied consecutively. The following cardiac diseases were present: valvar prostheses – 6 (2 mitral, 2 aortic and 2 mitral and aortic); mitral valve prolapse – 3; mitral and aortic disease – 2; aortic valve disease – 5; congenital heart disease – 3 (2 atrial septal defect –ASD- and 1 transposition of the great arteries -TGA); arteriovenous fistula – 1. In 7 patients, color Doppler was also obtained and used for 3D flow reconstruction. Twenty five cardiac structures were acquired and 60 reconstructions generated (28 of mitral valves, 14 of aortic valves, 4 of mitral prostheses, 7 of aortic prostheses and 7 of the ASD). Fifty five of 60 (91.6%) reconstructions were considered of good quality by 2 independent observers. The 11 reconstructed mitral valves/prostheses and the 2 reconstructed ASDs provided more anatomical information than two dimensional echocardiography (2DE) alone. Conclusion – 3D echocardiography using a transesophageal transducer is a feasible technique, which improves detection of anatomical details of cardiac structures, particularly of the mitral valve and atrial septum.Objetivo - Avaliar a acuidade da ecocardiografia na realização e obtenção de imagens para reconstrução tridimensional dinâmica (3D). Métodos - Foram obtidas imagens para reconstruções 3D em 20 doentes consecutivos submetidos a ecocardiografia transesofágica. Foi utilizado um transdutor de 5 Mhz multiplanar ligado ao sistema de reconstrução 3D. Resultados – Foram estudados, consecutivamente, 20 doentes, idade média de 56±16 anos, com as seguintes doenças cardíacas: próteses valvulares - 6 (2 mitrais, 2 aórticas e 2 mitro-aórticas); prolapso da válvula mitral - 3; doença mitro-aórtica - 2; doença da válvula aórtica - 5; cardiopatia congênita - 3 (2 comunicação interatrial (CIA) e 1 transposição das grandes artérias (TGA)); fístula arteriovenosa - 1. Em 7 doentes foi também obtido fluxo por Doppler a cores e feita a reconstrução 3D do fluxo. Foram adquiridas 25 estruturas cardíacas e foram realizadas 60 reconstruções (28 de válvulas mitrais, 14 de válvulas aórticas, 4 de próteses mitrais, 7 de próteses aórticas e 7 de CIA). Das 60 (91,6%) reconstruções, 55 foram consideradas de boa qualidade por 2 observadores independentes. As 11 válvulas/próteses mitrais e 2 CIAs reconstruídas forneceram mais informações anatômicas do que apenas o ecocardiograma bidimensional. Conclusão - A ecocardiografia 3D, pela via transesofágica, é uma técnica exeqüível, que melhora o reconhecimento de detalhes anatômicos de estruturas cardíacas, particularmente a válvula mitral e o septo interatrial.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Análise morfométrica de tecido muscular de coelhos submetido a ultra-som pulsado e contínuo de 1 MHz I

Visando estabelecer uma relação entre os efeitos do ultra-som e a variação da área da célula muscular, este estudo analisou os efeitos do ultra-som (US) de 1 MHz, pulsado e contínuo, utilizado com a intensidade máxima de 3 W/cm2, em tecido muscular sadio do músculo vasto lateral de coelhos (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) machos adultos. Utilizaram-se dois grupos, cada um com 5 coelhos, sendo um para o US pulsado e o outro para o US contínuo. Utilizou-se a coxa esquerda dos coelhos como antímero experimental, sendo a direita o controle. Em ambos os grupos foram realizadas 10 sessões consecutivas de US de 1 MHz, com intensidade de 3 W / c m 2 / durante 12 minutos. Ao término das 10 sessões os coelhos foram sacrificados, retirando-se o músculo vasto lateral, bilateralmente, para preparação das lâminas, que foram analisadas histomorfometricamente. Consideraram-se sempre 10 célulasmusculares em cada extremidade da lâmina analisada - superior, inferior,direita e esquerda. Obtiveram-se assim 40 células analisadas, em cadaantímero de cada coelho. Pela análise estatística (teste t-Student) da média das áreas destas células, verificou-se que não houve diferençasignificativa entre o antímero experimental e o controle em ambos os grupos. Conclui-se que, com a metodologia empregada nesta pesquisa, o US não produz efeitos morfométricos no tecido muscular sadio de coelhos.In order to seek a relation between applied ultrasound (US) and variation of muscle cell area, this study analysed the effects of 1 MHz US, in pulsed and continuous mode, at the maximum intensity of 3 W/cm2, in healthy muscle tissue of adult male rabbits' (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) vast lateral muscle. Rabbits' left thighs were tested in the experiment, the right ones being taken as control. Two groups of 5 rabbits each were formed, one for pulsed U S and the other for continuous US. In both groups were applied 10 consecutive sessions of 1 MHz US with intensity of 3 W/cm2 during 12 minutes. At the end of the 10 sessions the rabbits were sacrificed and both thighs lateral muscles were excised, prepared and fixed to slides for microscopic analysis of the cells area. Ten cells were considered at each slide sector (upper, lower, right and left), thus a total of 40 cells were analysed from each thigh. The mean area of cells for each slide sector was compared to control thigh cells area by means of t-Student test. No statistical I ly significant differences were found between the two sides in both groups, leading to the conclusion that, with the described methodology, US does not produce any effect in the cell size of rabbits healthy muscles

Guidebook of inclusion of best practices on suitable digital working environments

No abstract available.publishe

Magnetic phenomena in co-containing layered double hydroxides

Magnetic behavior of CoII(n)AlIII layered double hydroxides (LDHs) (n=Co/Al=2 and 3) intercalated with nitrate was studied as a function of temperature. Both LDH compounds are paramagnetic above about 8K. A rapid increase of their magnetic moments occurs below this temperature until the moments reach the maximum values at Tmax of 4.0K and 3.2K for Co(2)Al-NO3 and Co(3)Al-NO3, respectively. Below Tmax, the zero-field-cooled and the field-cooled static magnetization curves are strongly different. Along with this low-temperature phenomena, Co(2)Al-NO3 and Co(3)Al-NO3 demonstrate anomalous behavior of their temperature dependence magnetic susceptibility in a highertemperature range: between 75 and 175K, both the paramagnetic Curie temperature and the effective magnetic moment change in a non-monotonous way. Possible structural reasons of the observed magnetic behavior of the CoII(n)AlIII LDHs are discussed.publishe

Prototype of an affordable pressure-controlled emergency mechanical ventilator for COVID-19

We present a viable prototype of a simple mechanical ventilator intended as a last resort to ventilate COVID-19 patients. The prototype implements the pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation mode (PC-CMV) with settable breathing rates, inspiration/expiration time ratios and FiO2 modulation. Although safe, the design aims to minimize the use of technical components and those used are common in industry, so its construction may be possible in times of logistical shortage or disruption or in areas with reduced access to technical materials and at a moderate cost, affordable to lower income countries. Most of the device can be manufactured by modest technical means and construction plans are provided.Comment: This version differs from version 2 in that it includes toxicological and bio-safety tests and updated electronic

Association between Knops blood group polymorphisms and susceptibility to malaria in an endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon

Complement receptor 1 (CR1) gene polymorphisms that are associated with Knops blood group antigens may influence the binding of Plasmodium parasites to erythrocytes, thereby affecting susceptibility to malaria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotype and allele and haplotype frequencies of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Knops blood group antigens and examine their association with susceptibility to malaria in an endemic area of Brazil. One hundred and twenty-six individuals from the Brazilian Amazon were studied. The CR1-genomic fragment was amplified by PCR and six SNPs and haplotypes were identified after DNA sequence analysis. Allele and haplotype frequencies revealed that the Knb allele and H8 haplotype were possibly associated with susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum. The odds ratios were reasonably high, suggesting a potentially important association between two Knops blood antigens (Knb and KAM+) that confer susceptibility to P. falciparum in individuals from the Brazilian Amazon

Synthetic Peptides Mimic gp75 from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in the Diagnosis of Paracoccidioidomycosis

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic granulomatous disease, endemic in Latin America, caused by the thermal dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Although some fungal antigens have already been characterized and used for serological diagnosis, cross-reactions have been frequently observed. Thus, the examination of fungal forms in clinical specimens or isolation of P. brasiliensis by culture is still the most frequent method for the diagnosis of this mycosis. In this study, a random peptide phage display library was used to select mimotopes of P. brasiliensis, which were employed as antigens in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protective monoclonal antibody against experimental PCM (anti-gp75) was used as molecular target to screen a phage display library. That approach led to a synthetic peptide named P2, which was synthesized and tested against PCM patients’ sera to check whether it was recognized. There was significant recognition of P2 by sera of untreated PCM patients when compared with normal human sera. Sera from treated PCM group, patients with other mycosis or co-infected with HIV had much lower recognition of P2 than untreated patient group. The test showed a sensitivity of 100 and 94.59% of specificity in relation to human sera control. These data indicate a potential use of P2 as diagnostic tool in PCM. Its application for serological diagnosis of PCM may contribute to the development and standardization of simpler, faster and highly reproducible immunodiagnostic tests at low cost

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO