Contracts, relationships and innovation in business-to-business exchanges

Purpose: – This paper aims to contrast two approaches to the study of contracts in business and industrial marketing: first, as a legal document in shaping at the outset exchanges and interactions, for instance in projects; and second, as relational norms in becoming integrated into a business relationship through interactions, for instance as a resource. Design/methodology/approach: – The paper draws on cross-case comparison of three projects, as actors develop an engineering service for optimizing the maintenance of large-scale capital equipment by analyzing real-time data from sensors and user records. Comparison is by coding interview and observational data as micro-sequences of interactions among actors. Findings: – Preparing contracts allows a project to commence and is an early form of interaction, intensifying new relationships or cutting into and recasting established ones. Relational norms augment and can supersede the early focus on the contract, thus incorporating incremental innovation and absorbing some uncertainties. Research limitations/implications: – The research approach benefits from detailed comparison and captures some variety across its three cases, but the discussion is limited to theoretical generalization. Practical implications: – The analysis and discussion highlights and focuses on when different approaches to understanding contracting are more apparent across durable business relationships. Transitions from a contractual document to a view of relational norms are subtle, vulnerable and not always made successfully. Originality/value: – This paper’s originality is in it comparison of overlapping approaches to understanding businesses’ uses of contacts in business and industrial marketing, of contract and relational norms. It develops a valuable research proposition, in the transition from a mainly contractual to a mainly relational uses of contracts, thus identifying contract as a particular business resource, to be deployed and embedded

Charcas de vida para el tritón pigmeo y el galápago leproso

Ponds are important resources of freshwater; they provide ecologic stepping-stones and have a significant importance as habitats for a multiplicity of plants and animals. But today the European ponds are declining dramatically going along with the disappearing of many species that depend on them. Fundación Monte Mediterráneo, a foundation for nature conservation and ecologic agriculture, launches a project to rescue the ponds. On the Dehesa San Francisco, an area in Huelva/Andalusia (Spain), still existing ponds will be conserved and optimized and new ponds will be created for the rescue of the aquatic species like the southern marbled newt Triturus pygmaeus (Wolterstorff 1905) an the spanish pond turtle Mauremys leprosa (Schweigger 1812)

Kollokationen im Lernerwörterbuch – Anspruch und Wirklichkeit

This article outlines an approach which explores how frequent lexical collocations can be identified for a representative extract of the German lexicon. It takes into account corpus-linguistic and phraseological criteria. The lexical foundation for this study is a corpus-driven and thematically-classified frequency dictionary of German. Additionally, the extensive DWDS corpus and a manual linguistic selection were used to identify typical collocations. Finally, after identifying 56 high-frequency collocations, four of the foremost learner dictionaries in the field of German as a foreign language were analyzed quantitatively for the presence of these collocations

Tourism and Migration:: Interrelated Forms of Mobility

Tourismus und Migration gelten gemeinhin als ganz unterschiedliche, gar einander entgegengesetzte Formen von Mobilität. Die mobility studies jedoch nehmen beide Phänomene gemeinsam in den Blick und können so die oft fließenden Grenzen und vielfältigen Überschneidungen zwischen Migration und Tourismus sichtbar machen. Der Kommentar diskutiert verschiedene Tourismusformen, ihren Zusammenhang mit Migrationsprozessen und thematisiert die Verhandlung nationaler (und anderer) Identitäten on the move. Mit C. Michael Hall and Allan M. Williams plädiert der Text für das Konzept eines Mobilitätskontinuums, das die rechtlich-politische Kategorisierung und Gegenüberstellung verschiedener Mobilitätsformen zu problematisieren erlaubt. Darüber hinaus wird nach dem touristischen Moment in ganz unterschiedlichen Reiseformaten gefragt und eine stärkere Berücksichtigung der performativ-körperlichen Dimension von Mobilität gefordert

Gastronomie in Bewegung: Migration, kulinarischer Transfer und die Internationalisierung der Ernährung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Migration, Culinary Transfer, and the Internationalization of Food Consumption in West Germany after 1945 Addressing both the economic and cultural dimensions of the internationalization of food consumption, this paper deals with the emergence of ethnic restaurants in West Germany after World War II. Migrant entrepreneurs appear as the central agents in the process of changing food consumption habits. The essay offers a short outline of the spread of ethnic restaurants, followed by a chapter on the growing popularity of ‘foreign’ food consumed both in restaurants and at home. In discussing transnational transfers of food items, but also of culinary knowledge, finally, the discourses and images of ‘foreign’ food and thus its cultural meanings are analysed as they are produced (and consumed) in restaurants, but also in the mass media

Kollokationen im Lernerwörterbuch – Anspruch und Wirklichkeit

This article outlines an approach which explores how frequent lexical collocations can be identified for a representative extract of the German lexicon. It takes into account corpus-linguistic and phraseological criteria. The lexical foundation for this study is a corpus-driven and thematically-classified frequency dictionary of German. Additionally, the extensive DWDS corpus and a manual linguistic selection were used to identify typical collocations. Finally, after identifying 56 high-frequency collocations, four of the foremost learner dictionaries in the field of German as a foreign language were analyzed quantitatively for the presence of these collocations