Cosmology and thermodynamics of FRW universe with bulk viscous stiff fluid

We consider a cosmological model dominated by stiff fluid with a constant bulk viscosity. We classify all the possible cases of the universe predicted by the model and analyzing the scale factor, density as well as the curvature scalar. We find that when the dimensionless constant bulk viscous parameter is in the range $0 < \bar\zeta <6$ the model began with a Big Bang, and make a transition form the decelerating expansion epoch to an accelerating epoch, then tends to the de Sitter phase as $t\to \infty$. The transition into the accelerating epoch would be in the recent past, when $4<\bar\zeta<6.$ For $\bar\zeta>6$ the model doesn't have a Big Bang and suffered an increase in the fluid density and scalar curvature as the universe expands, which are eventually saturates as the scale factor $a \to \infty$ in the future. We have analyzed the model with statefinder diagnostics and find that the model is different from $\Lambda$CDM model but approaches $\Lambda$CDM point as $a \to \infty.$ We have also analyzed the status of the generalized second law of thermodynamics with apparent horizon as the boundary of the universe and found that the law is generally satisfied when $0 \leq \bar\zeta <6$ and for $\bar\zeta >6$ the law is satisfied when the scale factor is larger than a minimum value

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS-AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTIVE ASPECTS

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive disease with a variety of cognitive, motor and sensory deficits. It is characterised by demyelination of axons of the brain and spinal cord where the patient presents with the complaints of blurred or double vision, lack of coordination, loss of balance, numbness and tremors throughout the body or extremities with weakness, muscle spasms etc. In Ayurveda, Multiple Sclerosis can be correlated to Snayusada or the aggravation of Vata in Snayu. Modern treatments like immunosuppressant, corticosteroids, stem cell therapy are highly expensive when compared to Ayurvedic management. The scope of Ayurvedic Management and preventive aspects mainly concentrates on improving the quality of life and decrease dependency of patients. The objective of this review is to evaluate the clinical utility of the Ayurvedic medicines for Multiple Sclerosis. Clinical trials by Ayurvedic experts suggest that Ayurvedic treatment processes and preventive measures (Life style management and recommended diet) may reduce the risk of Multiple Sclerosis. Here I briefly explain the current literature of Multiple Sclerosis, modern and Ayurvedic views, Ayurvedic medicines usually given in Multiple Sclerosis cases with a focus on designing prevention and treatment protocol

Breastfeeding practices among mothers of infants in Peringara Panchayat in Pathanamthitta District

The study was aimed to assess the breastfeeding practices among mothers of infants in Peringara Gramapanchayat in Kerala. Study was a community based cross-sectional study among mothers of infants in Peringara gramapanchayat using a pretested questionnaire. 142 breastfeeding mothers of infants in Peringara gramapanchayat were studied and mothers who were not present at home during the study were excluded from the study. Study period consisted of 18 days between December 2015 and January 2016. Study variables includes type of delivery, initiation of breastfeeding, breastfeeding practices and role of ASHAs in promoting good breastfeeding practices. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson’s Chi-square test and T test. The study found that exclusive breastfeeding has been done by 68.3% of mothers. There is no practice of giving pre-lacteal feed, 95.8% of mothers have given colostrum to the new born. Statistically significant association was found between the type of delivery and time of initiation of breastfeeding (p&lt; 0.05). Time of initiation of breastfeeding was prolonged in case of Caesarean section. 49.3% of mothers have breastfed the baby within one hour. 55.6% of mothers were informed about importance of breastfeeding by ASHAs and only 20.4% of mothers were informed about period of exclusive breastfeeding and period of complimentary feeding by ASHAs

കൂടുമത്സ്യ കൃഷിയ്ക്ക് ഒരു നൂതന സാങ്കേതിക വിദ്യ : അഴിച്ചു മാറ്റി വീണ്ടും യോജിപ്പിക്കാവുന്ന ചെലവു കുറഞ്ഞ കൂടുകൾ Modern Technology for Cage Culture: Dismantling and Re-Assembling Type Low Cost Cages

The Galvanized iron (GI) cage frames have been designed and fabricated by CMFRI as a cost-effective alternative for high density polyethylene (HDPE) cage frames. By this the cost has been reduced to one third or even less with high durability and life span with regular maintenance. Dismantling and reassembling type cages have been proved successful in open water aquaculture at Cochin

Measurement of technical efficiency in marine fishing

Measurement of technical efficiency in marine fishin

Effect of infrared therapy on wound healing and pain among mothers who underwent caesarean section at selected hospital, Coimbatore

Child Birth either through normal delivery or caesarean section is a unique dynamic process, where fetal and maternal physiologies interact symbiotically. Aim of the present study was to assess the effect of infrared therapy on wound healing and pain among mothers who underwent caesarean section at Sri Ramakrishna Hospital, Coimbatore. True experimental pretest - posttest with control group design was adopted and 20 mothers were selected using Purposive sampling technique. REEDA wound assessment scale and Numerical Pain Rating Scale was used to assess the wound healing and pain. Infrared therapy was applied using infrared lamp with 50 cm distance at 45° angle for 15 minutes twice daily from the 3rd postoperative day till the day of discharge to the experimental group and the control group received routine nursing care. The result shows that there was a significant difference in the level of wound healing among experimental group (df=8, t=2.54 at 0.05 level of significance) and a significant difference in the posttest level of pain between the groups (df=18, t=3.8 at 0.05 level of significance). There was a significant difference in the pretest and posttest level of pain in the experimental group (df=8, t=14.33 at 0.05 level of significance). Improvement was seen in the wound healing and pain among control group also. None of the selected demographic variables of the mothers had association with the level of wound healing but the age and weight had an association with the level of pain. There was no correlation identified between wound healing and pain. The researcher would like to conclude that caesarean wound care is an important aspect and this can be achieved only by developing appropriate clinical services and undertaking more high quality basic and clinical research

Benefit sharing in the value chain of Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta in Karnataka: A policy perspective

Harvest and post-harvest activities in a multispecies multifleet unregulated marine fishery is highly complex involving a large number of intermediaries. The real economic benefits from fishing are often skewed in the hands of a few intermediaries in the value chain. Equitable distribution of benefits is an essential component for ensuring sustainable exploitation and management in the context of ecosystem based management of marine fisheries. The present study analysed the market linkages and benefit sharing by different stakeholders in the value chain of Indian mackerel in Karnataka, south-west coast of India. Results of the study indicated that in terms of individual benefits, export processing and canning sectors in Karnataka grabbed a significant share in the Indian mackerel value chain and suggests a revisit into the policy on export incentives for Indian mackerel, in order to ensure equitable distribution of benefits among the stakeholders as well as to protect the interests of domestic consumers

Price Behaviour and marketing efficiency of Marine Fish in Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu

Aswathy N.1 and Abdu Samad E. M. Marketing is an important activity in the marine fisheries sector of the country. Fish being a highly perishable commodity needs immediate disposal after harvest. Around 50 percent of the fish caught are marketed in and around the landing centres and the rest goes for interstate trade or export. Analysis of price behaviour at landing centres and retail markets helps to assess the efficiency of the marketing system. The paper analyses the efficiency of marine fish marketing system in Tuticorin through different indicators like marketing margins, percentage share of fishermen in consumers' rupee, monthly price fluctuations and marketing efficiency index. The results indicated that fishermens' share in consumers' rupee varied from 35 per cent for silverbellies to 80 per cent for barracudas. The highest marketing efficiency index was shown by barracudas and pigface breams

Soico-Economic Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Small-Scale Fisher Households in Kerala State

The COVID-19 pandemic caused devastating and far-reaching impacts on the economic construct of several countries. The fisheries sector in India was impacted by the nationwide lockdown causing severe disruptions in fishing and marketing activities. In this context, an analysis of the socio-economic impact of the pandemic on small-scale fisher (SSF) households in Kerala was done

Super refractory seizures with autoimmune encephalitis and ventilator associated pneumonia: a case report

Autoimmune encephalitis is an immune-mediated syndrome with sub-acute to chronic presentations, such as memory impairment, altered sensorium, behavioral abnormality, psychosis, and seizures. Treatment as such must not be procrastinated due to pending laboratory workup, as early recognition and initiation of therapy prevents long term neurological sequelae. This is a case report of an 11-year-old male who presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms, altered sensorium and high-grade fever which evolved into refractory status epilepticus and autonomic dysfunction. While his MRI had positive findings of encephalitis, he tested negative for infectious diseases and antibody panels.