Differential Brain Development with Low and High IQ in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and intelligence (IQ) are both heritable phenotypes. Overlapping genetic effects have been suggested to influence both, with neuroimaging work suggesting similar overlap in terms of morphometric properties of the brain. Together, this evidence suggests that the brain changes characteristic of ADHD may vary as a function of IQ. This study investigated this hypothesis in a sample of 108 children with ADHD and 106 typically developing controls, who participated in a cross-sectional anatomical MRI study. A subgroup of 64 children also participated in a diffusion tensor imaging scan. Brain volumes, local cortical thickness and average cerebral white matter microstructure were analyzed in relation to diagnostic group and IQ. Dimensional analyses investigated possible group differences in the relationship between anatomical measures and IQ. Second, the groups were split into above and below median IQ subgroups to investigate possible differences in the trajectories of cortical development. Dimensionally, cerebral gray matter volume and cerebral white matter microstructure were positively associated with IQ for controls, but not for ADHD. In the analyses of the below and above median IQ subgroups, we found no differences from controls in cerebral gray matter volume in ADHD with below-median IQ, but a delay of cortical development in a number of regions, including prefrontal areas. Conversely, in ADHD with above-median IQ, there were significant reductions from controls in cerebral gray matter volume, but no local differences in the trajectories of cortical development

The Fundamentals : a testimony to the truth (1917) Vol. 2

The inspiration of the Bible - definition, estent and proof / Rev. James M. Gray Inspiration / L.W. Munhall The moral glory of Jesus Christ, a proof of inspiration / Rev. William G. Moorehead The testimony of the scriptures to themselves / Rev. George S. Bishop Testimony of the organic unity of the Bible to its inspiration / Arthur T. Pierson Fulfilled prophecy a potent argument for the Bible / Arno C. Gaebelein Life in the word / Philip Mauro Is there a God? . Rev. Thomas Whitelaw God in Christ the only revelation of the fatherhood of God / Robert E. Speer The deity of Christ / Prof. Benjamin B. Warfield The virgin birth of Christ / Rev. Prof. James Orr The God-man / John Stock The person and work of Jesus Christ / Bishop Nuelsen The certainity and importance of the bodily resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead / R.A. Torrey The personality and deity of the Holy Spirit / R.A. Torrey The Holy Spirit and the sons of God / Rev. W.J. Erdman Observations on the conversion and apostleship of St.. Paul / Lord Lyttelton Christianity no fable / Rev. Thomas Whitelawhttps://digitalcommons.biola.edu/the-fundamentals/1013/thumbnail.jp