Concentração de proteínas totais, uréia, cálcio e fósforo em saliva total estimulada de dependentes químicos em desintoxicação

Orientador: Prof.Dr. José Miguel AmenábarDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia. Defesa: Curitiba, 26/03/2014Inclui referênciasÁrea de concentraçãoResumo: O consumo abusivo de drogas pode alterar a composição salivar do usuário contribuindo para o desequilíbrio de sua saúde bucal. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as modificações de alguns parâmetros salivares em dependentes químicos (DQ), usuários de drogas como álcool, cocaína, crack e/ou maconha. Um total de cinquenta e quatro amostras salivares foram coletadas, sendo vinte e sete amostras de DQ com média de idade de 37 (±10) anos, em tratamento para desintoxicação, provenientes do Institudo de Pesquisa e Tratamento do Alcoolismo (IPTA-Campo Largo-PR); e vinte e sete amostras salivares de indivíduos não dependentes químicos (NDQ) com média de idade de 38 (±11) anos, provenientes da Academia Policial Militar do Guatupê (Curitiba, PR). As amostras salivares foram submetidas à análise bioquímica em duplicata para cada variável. A verificação da concentração de proteínas totais foi realizada pelo método de Bradford e as concentrações de uréia, cálcio e fósforo salivar foram verificadas com kits colorimétricos específicos para cada elemento. O teste t de Student (p 0,05) entre os grupos. Baseado nos resultados deste estudo, é possível sugerir que DQ em tratamento de desintoxicação, apresentam aumento na concentração de proteínas totais, cálcio e fósforo salivar, porém, não há diferença significante no fluxo salivar e na concentração de uréia comparado aos NDQ.Abstract: The abusive consumption of drugs may alter the salivary composition of addict person leading to the unbalance of their mouth health. The aim of this study was to investigate alterations of some salivary parameters in chemical dependents, drug users (DU) such as alcohol, cocaine, crack and/or cannabis. A total of fifty-four salivary samples were collected, of these twenty-seven from drug users, at average age of 37 (± 10) years, undergoing desintoxication treatment, from the Institute of Alcoholism Research and Treatment (IPTA, Campo Largo-PR); and twenty-seven salivary samples from non-chemical dependent subjects, at average age of 38 (± 11) years from the Military Police Academy of Guatupê (Curitiba-PR) .The saliva samples were submitted to the biochemical analysis in duplicate for each variable. The verification of the total protein concentration was performed using the Bradford method and the urea, calcium and salivary phosphorus concentrations were determined with specific colorimetrics kits for each element. The Student t test (p0.05). Based on the results of this study, it is possible to suggest that DU undergoing desintoxication treatment, show an increase in the total protein, calcium and salivary phosphorus concentrations. There is, however, no significant difference in the salivary flow rate and the urea concentration compared to no chemical dependent group (NDU)

Dental extraction in patients with HIV/AIDS: report of two cases

Introduction and objective: The oral health of patients with HIV infection is often compromised by caries and periodontal disease. Thus, many patients need to undergo oral surgical procedures. Case report: This article describes two cases of patients with HIV infection who had undergone exodontia due to prosthetic indications. Both patients had been hospitalized for treatment of respiratory complications from HIV infection and were referred for dental treatment. In the first case, the adult patient had generally good oral health. However, the treatment plan for the installation of a removable prosthesis required the removal of tooth 38 since it was fairly inclined to the mesial. The second patient had poor oral conditions due to advanced periodontal disease. Thus, all upper arch teeth were removed in a single session followed by the installationof an immediate total prosthesis. No postoperative complications were recorded and the healing process occurred without incident for both patients. Dental treatment of patients with asymptomatic HIV infection does not differ from that performed for any other patient in practice. Nevertheless, patients in advanced stages of disease may require special treatment and an individual treatment plan must be developed for even routine procedures. Conclusion: The dental careof these individuals often requires more rigorous clinical follow-up for maintaining oral health. The performance of dental surgery in patients with HIV infection does not require technical modifications, but does require a complete anamnesis.Introduction and objective: The oral health of patients with HIV infection is often compromised by caries and periodontal disease. Thus, many patients need to undergo oral surgical procedures. Case report: This article describes two cases of patients with HIV infection who had undergone exodontia due to prosthetic indications. Both patients had been hospitalized for treatment of respiratory complications from HIV infection and were referred for dental treatment. In the first case, the adult patient had generally good oral health. However, the treatment plan for the installation of a removable prosthesis required the removal of tooth 38 since it was fairly inclined to the mesial. The second patient had poor oral conditions due to advanced periodontal disease. Thus, all upper arch teeth were removed in a single session followed by the installationof an immediate total prosthesis. No postoperative complications were recorded and the healing process occurred without incident for both patients. Dental treatment of patients with asymptomatic HIV infection does not differ from that performed for any other patient in practice. Nevertheless, patients in advanced stages of disease may require special treatment and an individual treatment plan must be developed for even routine procedures. Conclusion: The dental careof these individuals often requires more rigorous clinical follow-up for maintaining oral health. The performance of dental surgery in patients with HIV infection does not require technical modifications, but does require a complete anamnesis

Manifestações orais em pacientes infectados com sars COV-2 / Oral manifestations from sars COV-2 in infected patients

The recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) spread rapidly throughout several countries around the worldand has posed enormous health challenges. Symptom of Covid-19 are non-specific and the disease presentation can range from no symptoms (asymptomatic) to severe pneumonia and death. The most commonly reported oral manifestations in the literature are ulcer, erosion, bulla, vesicle, pustule, fissured or depapillated tongue, macule, papule, plaque, pigmentation, halitosis, among others. The professionals must be prepared to recognize theoral manifestations of the disease to promote the most adequate treatment. This study presents 5 cases of oral manifestations in patients diagnosed with Covid-19. The patients presented ulcerations, vesiculopapular lesions, papillary lesions, lingual erythesa, keratose-like lesions and white plaque. Lips, tongue, labial mucosa, palate and gum were affected. If this hypothesis is proven, when health professionals observe these oral manifestations, they could refer these patients to be tested and perform the appropriate treatment.

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

Effect of secondary infection on epithelialisation and total healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions

<div><p> BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) generally presents with a single or several localised cutaneous ulcers without involvement of mucous membranes. Ulcerated lesions are susceptible to secondary contamination that may slow the healing process. OBJECTIVE This study verified the influence of non-parasitic wound infection on wound closure (epithelialisation) and total healing. METHODS Twenty-five patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CL and ulcerated lesions underwent biopsy of ulcer borders. One direct microbial parameter (germ identification in cultures) and four indirect clinical parameters (secretion, pain, burning sensation, pruritus) were analysed. FINDINGS Biopsies of ten lesions showed secondary infection by one or two microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Candida parapsilosis). “Secretion” and “burning sensation” influenced epithelialisation time but not total healing time. Positive detection of germs in the ulcer border and “pain” and “pruritus” revealed no influence on wound closure. CONCLUSIONS Our borderline proof of clinical CL ulcer infection inhibiting CL wound healing supports the need to follow antimicrobial stewardship in CL ulcer management, which was recently proposed for all chronic wounds.</p></div

Direct antiviral therapy for treatment of hepatitis C: A real-world study from Brazil

Introduction and objectives: Direct antiviral agents (DAAs) including sofosbuvir (SOF), daclatasvir (DCV), simeprevir (SIM) and ombitasvir, paritaprevir and dasabuvir were introduced 2015 in Brazil for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aims of this study were to assess effectiveness and safety of HCV treatment with DAA in real-life world in a highly admixed population from Brazil. Materials and methods: All Brazilian reference centers for HCV treatment were invited to take part in a web-based registry, prospectively conducted by the Brazilian Society of Hepatology, to assess outcomes of HCV treatment in Brazil with DAAs. Data to be collected included demographics, disease severity and comorbidities, genotype (GT), viral load, DAA regimens, treatment side effects and sustained virological response (SVR). Results: 3939 patients (60% males, mean age 58 ± 10 years) throughout the country were evaluated. Most had advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, GT1 and were treated with SOF/DCV or SOF/SIM. Overall SVR rates were higher than 95%. Subjects with decompensated cirrhosis, GT2 and GT3 have lower SVR rates of 85%, 90% and 91%, respectively. Cirrhosis and decompensated cirrhosis in GT1 and male sex and decompensated cirrhosis in GT3 were significantly associated with no SVR. Adverse events (AD) and serious AD occurred in 18% and 5% of those subjects, respectively, but less than 1% of patients required treatment discontinuation. Conclusion: SOF-based DAA regimens are effective and safe in the heterogeneous highly admixed Brazilian population and could remain an option for HCV treatment at least in low-income countries

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data