Application of Modern Trace Examination Techniques In Forensic Science and Their Legal Aspects

In the process of case investigation, trace examination and forensic examination and identifcation can provide reliable evidence information, laying a good foundation for case detection. So in the process of case investigation through the application of modern trace in-spection technology, at the same time the application of modern trace inspection technology to forensic science can efectively improve the efciency and quality of case investigation. But the modern trace inspection technology applied to forensic science there are certain legal issues, the need for relevant personnel to take appropriate measures to deal with. In this paper, the application of modern trace inspection technology in forensic science and related legal issues are explained

Dimerization, but not phosphothreonine binding, is conserved between the forkhead-associated domains of Drosophila MU2 and human MDC1

AbstractMutator 2 (MU2) in Drosophila melanogaster has been proposed to be the ortholog of human MDC1, a key mediator in DNA damage response. The forkhead-associated (FHA) domain of MDC1 is a dimerization module regulated by trans binding to phosphothreonine 4 from another molecule. Here we present the crystal structure of the MU2 FHA domain at 1.9Å resolution, revealing its evolutionarily conserved role in dimerization. As compared to the MDC1 FHA domain, the MU2 FHA domain dimerizes using a different and more stable interface and contains a degenerate phosphothreonine-binding pocket. Our results suggest that the MU2 dimerization is constitutive and lacks phosphorylation-mediated regulation.Structured summary of protein interactionsMU2 and MU2 bind by cosedimentation in solution (View interaction)MU2 and MU2 bind by X-ray crystallography (View interaction)MU2 and MU2 bind by molecular sieving (View interaction

High glucose-induced Matrilin-2 expression in mouse mesangial cells was mediated by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of high glucose on the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein Matrilin-2 and the mechanism underlying this effect by using a mouse mesangial cell line. Mouse mesangial cells (MMCs) were cultured in media containing normal (5 mM d-glucose) or high concentrations of glucose (30 mM d-glucose). The expression of Matrilin-2 was assessed by either RT-PCR or western blot. Additionally, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) inhibitors and TGF-β1 were used to determine whether glucose-regulated Matrilin-2 expression was mediated by the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Our data demonstrated that Matrilin-2 expression was markedly induced by high glucose and TGF-β1. High glucose-induced Matrilin-2 expression was inhibited by TGF-β1/Smad3 inhibitors, indicating that Matrilin-2 was markedly induced by high glucose and this induction was mediated by the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Taken together, our results showed that high-glucose-induced Matrilin-2 expression that was mediated by the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway might play a role in Diabetic nephropathy (DN) pathogenesis and our finding provided a potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic target for DN

Accuracy of wind observations from open-ocean buoys: Correction for flow distortion

The comparison of equivalent neutral winds obtained from (a) four WHOI buoys in the subtropics and (b) scatterometer estimates at those locations reveals a root-mean-square (RMS) difference of 0.56-0.76 m/s. To investigate this RMS difference, different buoy wind error sources were examined. These buoys are particularly well suited to examine two important sources of buoy wind errors because: (1) redundant anemometers and a comparison with numerical flow simulations allow us to quantitatively assess flow distortion errors, and (2) one-minute sampling at the buoys allows us to examine the sensitivity of buoy temporal sampling/averaging in the buoy-scatterometer comparisons. The inter-anemometer difference varies as a function of wind direction relative to the buoy wind vane and is consistent with the effects of flow distortion expected based on numerical flow simulations. Comparison between the anemometers and scatterometer winds supports the interpretation that the inter-anemometer disagreement, which can be up to 5% of the wind speed, is due to flow distortion. These insights motivate an empirical correction to the individual anemometer records and subsequent comparison with scatterometer estimates show good agreement

(p)ppGpp and c-di-AMP Homeostasis Is Controlled by CbpB in Listeria monocytogenes

The facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, like many related Firmicutes, uses the nucleotide second messenger cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) to adapt to changes in nutrient availability, osmotic stress, and the presence of cell wall-acting antibiotics. In rich medium, c-di-AMP is essential; however, mutations in cbpB, the gene encoding c-di-AMP binding protein B, suppress essentiality. In this study, we identified that the reason for cbpB-dependent essentiality is through induction of the stringent response by RelA. RelA is a bifunctional RelA/SpoT homolog (RSH) that modulates levels of (p)ppGpp, a secondary messenger that orchestrates the stringent response through multiple allosteric interactions. We performed a forward genetic suppressor screen on bacteria lacking c-di-AMP to identify genomic mutations that rescued growth while cbpB was constitutively expressed and identified mutations in the synthetase domain of RelA. The synthetase domain of RelA was also identified as an interacting partner of CbpB in a yeast-2-hybrid screen. Biochemical analyses confirmed that free CbpB activates RelA while c-di-AMP inhibits its activation. We solved the crystal structure of CbpB bound and unbound to c-di-AMP and provide insight into the region important for c-di-AMP binding and RelA activation. The results of this study show that CbpB completes a homeostatic regulatory circuit between c-di-AMP and (p)ppGpp in Listeria monocytogenes.</div

Peregrine and saker falcon genome sequences provide insights into evolution of a predatory lifestyle

As top predators, falcons possess unique morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations that allow them to be successful hunters: for example, the peregrine is renowned as the world's fastest animal. To examine the evolutionary basis of predatory adaptations, we sequenced the genomes of both the peregrine (Falco peregrinus) and saker falcon (Falco cherrug), and we present parallel, genome-wide evidence for evolutionary innovation and selection for a predatory lifestyle. The genomes, assembled using Illumina deep sequencing with greater than 100-fold coverage, are both approximately 1.2 Gb in length, with transcriptome-assisted prediction of approximately 16,200 genes for both species. Analysis of 8,424 orthologs in both falcons, chicken, zebra finch and turkey identified consistent evidence for genome-wide rapid evolution in these raptors. SNP-based inference showed contrasting recent demographic trajectories for the two falcons, and gene-based analysis highlighted falcon-specific evolutionary novelties for beak development and olfaction and specifically for homeostasis-related genes in the arid environment–adapted saker

Changes in Agricultural Products Distribution System and the Process of Farmers’ Decision-making on their Marketing Channels: Focus on Fruits and Vegetables Distribution

広島修道大学博士(商学）2022年度doctoral thesi

Characterizing the Specific Recognition of Xanthurenic Acid by GEP1 and GEP1-GC&alpha; Interactions in cGMP Signaling Pathway in Gametogenesis of Malaria Parasites

Gametogenesis is an essential step for malaria parasite transmission and is activated in mosquito by signals including temperature drop, pH change, and mosquito-derived xanthurenic acid (XA). Recently, a membrane protein gametogenesis essential protein 1 (GEP1) was found to be responsible for sensing these signals and interacting with a giant guanylate cyclase &alpha; (GC&alpha;) to activate the cGMP-PKG-Ca2+ signaling pathway for malaria parasite gametogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms for this process remain unclear. In this study, we used AlphaFold2 to predict the structure of GEP1 and found that it consists of a conserved N-terminal helical domain and a transmembrane domain that adopts a structure similar to that of cationic amino acid transporters. Molecular docking results showed that XA binds to GEP1 via a pocket similar to the ligand binding sites of known amino acid transporters. In addition, truncations of this N-terminal sequence significantly enhanced the expression, solubility, and stability of GEP1. In addition, we found that GEP1 interacts with GC&alpha; via its C-terminal region, which is interrupted by mutations of a few conserved residues. These findings provide further insights into the molecular mechanism for the XA recognition by GEP1 and the activation of the gametogenesis of malaria parasites through GEP1-GC&alpha; interaction