Towards a Certified Reference Monitor of the Android 10 Permission System

Android is a platform for mobile devices that captures more than 85% of the total market share [International Data Corporation (IDC), 2020]. Currently, mobile devices allow people to develop multiple tasks in different areas. Regrettably, the benefits of using mobile devices are counteracted by increasing security risks. The important and critical role of these systems makes them a prime target for formal verification. In our previous work [Betarte et al., 2018], we exhibited a formal specification of an idealized formulation of the permission model of version 6 of Android. In this paper we present an enhanced version of the model in the proof assistant Coq, including the most relevant changes concerning the permission system introduced in versions Nougat, Oreo, Pie and 10. The properties that we had proved earlier for the security model have been either revalidated or refuted, and new ones have been formulated and proved. Additionally, we make observations on the security of the most recent versions of Android. Using the programming language of Coq we have developed a functional implementation of a reference validation mechanism and certified its correctness. The formal development is about 23k LOC of Coq, including proofs

Automatic EMI filter design for power electronic converters oriented to high power density

In this paper, a complete computer aided procedure based on the power density concept and aimed at the automatic design of EMI filters for power electronic converters is presented. It is rule-based, and it uses suitable databases built-up by considering information on passive components available from commercial datasheets. The power density constraint is taken into consideration by imposing the minimization of the filter volume and/or weight; nevertheless, the system in which the automatically designed filter is included satisfies the electromagnetic compatibility standards limits. Experimental validations of the proposed procedure are presented for two real case studies, for which the performance and the size of the best filter design are compared with those related to a conventionally designed one

Effective and timely evaluation of pulmonary congestion: Qualitative comparison between lung ultrasound and thoracic bioelectrical impedance in maintenance hemodialysis patients

The assessment of pulmonary congestion in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients is challenging. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) can estimate body water compartments. Natriuretic peptides are markers of hemodynamic stress, neurohormonal activation and extracellular volume overload. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been proposed for the non-invasive estimation of extravascular lung water through B-lines assessment. Up to now, no study evaluated the correlation between B-lines, segmental thoracic BIA, and natriuretic peptides in MHD patients. The aims of this study were: (1) To validate LUS as a tool for an effective and timely evaluation of pulmonary congestion in MHD patients, in comparison with segmental thoracic BIA, and with natriuretic peptides; (2) To compare a comprehensive whole chest ultrasound scanning with a simplified and timely scanning scheme limited to the lateral chest regions.Thirty-one MHD adult patients were examined. LUS, total body and thoracic BIA, and natriuretic peptides were performed immediately before and after a mid-week dialysis session. The number of B-lines assessed by LUS was compared with total body and thoracic impedance data and with natriuretic peptides.Pre-HD B-lines ranged 0-147 (mean 31) and decreased significantly post-HD (mean 16, P < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between the number of B-lines and extra-cellular water index (ECWI, r = 0.45, P < 0.001), with thoracic impedance (r = 0.30, P < 0.05), and with BNP (r = 0.57, P < 0.01). The dynamic changes in B-lines correlated better with thoracic impedance than with total body impedance, and correlated with extra-cellular but not with intra-cellular water index. The correlation between B-lines and ECWI was similar when LUS was limited to the lateral chest regions or performed on the whole chest. Multivariate analysis showed that only segmental thoracic impedance was an independent predictor of residual pulmonary congestion.The dynamic changes in B-lines after hemodialysis are correlated to the changes in total body and extra-cellular water, and particularly to lung fluids removal. B-line assessment in MHD patients is highly feasible with a simplified and timely scanning scheme limited to the lateral chest regions. These premises make B-lines a promising biomarker for a bedside assessment of pulmonary congestion in MHD patients

PROGETTAZIONE OTTIMIZZATA DI FILTRI EMI AD ELEVATA POWER DENSITY PER CONVERTITORI ELETTRONICI DI POTENZA

In molti dei campi di impiego dei convertitori elettronici di potenza (aeronautico, aerospaziale, automotive, etc.) è richiesta la realizzazione di sistemi di conversione che, in relazione a stringenti vincoli di progetto, presentino, a parità di potenza, dimensioni sempre più compatte e pesi ridotti. In tale ottica, l’ottimizzazione della densità di potenza (power density) del convertitore diventa un obiettivo essenzial

El coeficiente de descarga y la densidad beta

Se estudia el coeficiente de descarga y la distribución de intensidades de la turbulencia. Con el teorema de Torricelli y la teoría de probabilidades se formulan el caudal y el coeficiente de descarga, siguiendo una densidad beta unimodal, renormalizada, con dos parámetros de forma. Se había construido un modelo multifractal para la cascada de la energía cinética en la turbulencia, partiendo de los métodos de Pearson y de Kolmogorov. Para la intensidad de la turbulencia, con el primero se creó una distribución beta; para el segundo, una ley en potencia. Se completa el modelo multifractal, reconociendo la función de estructura como la función Kummer. Se busca la compatibilidad entre los dos modelos y la identificación de sus parámetros. Se encuentra que los dos parámetros de forma determinan la resolución del modelo de cascada. Se determina la dimensión local y el espectro de dimensiones para los estados que producen el teorema de Torricelli. Redefiniendo la función de estructura, la resolución queda determinada por el tirante para el cambio de régimen. Análogamente, pueden identificarse diversos prototipos, a los que hemos denominado: cuatro experimentales, tres canales, Kolmogorov, Kármán, Taylor, Verhulst (logística), Cauchy-Manning y Euclides (áurea). Se concluye que el coeficiente de descarga es una beta renormalizada; la distribución de intensidades de la turbulencia es una beta; el prototipo Torricelli resulta representativo para los cuatro experimentales y el de Euclides, quedando lejos de la distribución Gaussiana, que está contenida en el de Kármán; en tanto, el de Taylor produce la delta de Dirac

How to evaluate resting ECG and imaging in children practising sport: a critical review and proposal of an algorithm for ECG interpretation

The athlete's heart is a well-known phenomenon in adults practising competitive sports. Unfortunately, to date, most of the studies on training-induced cardiac remodelling have been conducted in adults and the current recommendations refer mainly to adult individuals. However, an appropriate interpretation of resting ECG and imaging in children practising sports is crucial, given the possibility of early detect life-threatening conditions and managing therapy and eligibility to sports competitions in the rapidly growing paediatric athlete population. While several articles have been published on this topic in adult athletes, a practical guide for the clinical evaluation of paediatric athletes is still missing. In this critical review, we provided a comprehensive description of the current evidence on training-induced remodelling in paediatric athletes with a practical approach for clinicians on how to interpret the resting 12-lead ECG and cardiac imaging in the paediatric athlete. Indeed, given that training may mimic potential cardiovascular disorders, clinicians evaluating children practising sports should pay attention to the risk of missing a diagnosis of a life-threatening condition. However, this risk should be balanced with the risk of overdiagnosis and unwarranted disqualification from sports practice, when interpreting an ECG as pathological while, on the contrary, it may represent a physiological expression of athlete's heart. Accordingly, we proposed an algorithm for the evaluation of normal, borderline, and abnormal ECG findings that can be useful for the readers for their daily clinical practice

Application of ammonium to a N limited arable soil enriches a succession of bacteria typically found in the rhizosphere

Crop residue management and tillage are known to affect the soil bacterial community, but when and which bacterial groups are enriched by application of ammonium in soil under different agricultural practices from a semi-arid ecosystem is still poorly understood. Soil was sampled from a long-term agronomic experiment with conventional tilled beds and crop residue retention (CT treatment), permanent beds with crop residue burned (PBB treatment) or retained (PBC) left unfertilized or fertilized with 300 kg urea-N ha-1 and cultivated with wheat (Triticum durum L.)/maize (Zea mays L.) rotation. Soil samples, fertilized or unfertilized, were amended or not (control) with a solution of (NH4)2SO4 (300 kg N ha-1) and were incubated aerobically at 25 ± 2 °C for 56 days, while CO2 emission, mineral N and the bacterial community were monitored. Application of NH4+ significantly increased the C mineralization independent of tillage-residue management or N fertilizer. Oxidation of NH4+ and NO2- was faster in the fertilized soil than in the unfertilized soil. The relative abundance of Nitrosovibrio, the sole ammonium oxidizer detected, was higher in the fertilized than in the unfertilized soil; and similarly, that of Nitrospira, the sole nitrite oxidizer. Application of NH4+ enriched Pseudomonas, Flavisolibacter, Enterobacter and Pseudoxanthomonas in the first week and Rheinheimera, Acinetobacter and Achromobacter between day 7 and 28. The application of ammonium to a soil cultivated with wheat and maize enriched a sequence of bacterial genera characterized as rhizospheric and/or endophytic independent of the application of urea, retention or burning of the crop residue, or tillage

Efecto de la edad del rebrote y el clima en la composición química de Cenchrus purpureus en ecosistemas degradados de Cuba

The objective of this work was to determine the effect of age and climate on the chemical composition of Cenchrus purpureus in degraded ecosystems of Cuba. An experiment was carried out in two well-defined periods: slightly rainy (January to April) and rainy (July to October). The treatments (regrowth ages: 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 105 days) were distributed in a randomized block design with four replicas. The structural constituents of the cell wall, minerals (calcium and phosphorus), and digestibility of dry and organic matter were determined. The neutral detergent fiber showed a behavior defined by the climatic season (72.37%) in rains and 69.67% in few rains). The elements of the climate showed a high relationship with the chemical composition and linear regression models were adjusted with high coefficients of determination, greater than 0.71 in the two periods evaluated; the rainfall and maximum temperature variables were the ones that provided the greatest adjustments. With the increase in age, the quality of the plant decreased, and of climatic factors, rainfall and maximum temperature are those that most affect the nutritional quality of the plant.El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el efecto de la edad de rebrote y del clima en la composición química del Cenchrus purpureus en ecosistemas degradados de Cuba. Se realizó un experimento en dos períodos bien definidos: poco lluvioso (enero a abril) y lluvioso (julio a octubre). Los tratamientos (edades de rebrote: 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 105 días) se distribuyeron en un diseño de bloques al azar con cuatro réplicas. Se determinaron los constituyentes estructurales de la pared celular, minerales (calcio y fósforo), y digestibilidad de la materia seca y orgánica. La fibra detergente neutra mostró un comportamiento definido por la estación climática (72,37% en lluvias y 69,67% en pocas lluvias). Los elementos del clima mostraron alta relación con la composición química y se ajustaron modelos lineales de regresión con elevados coeficientes de determinación, superiores a 0,71 en los dos períodos evaluados; las variables lluvias y temperatura máxima fueron las que proporcionaron mayores ajustes. Con el incremento de la edad disminuyó la calidad de la planta, y de los factores climáticos, las precipitaciones y temperatura máxima son las que más afectan la calidad nutritiva de la planta

Non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in older adjuvant early breast cancer patients: cardiac safety analysis and final results of the COLTONE study

Aims: To explore the cardiac safety of adjuvant Non-Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (NPL-DOX) plus Cyclophosphamide (CTX) followed by weekly Paclitaxel, in elderly women (≥ 65&nbsp;years) with high-risk breast cancer. Previously, we described no symptomatic cardiac events within the first 12&nbsp;months from starting treatment. We now reported the updated results after a median follow-up 76&nbsp;months. Methods: The cardiac activity was evaluated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) echocardiograms assessments, before starting chemotherapy and every 6&nbsp;months, until 30&nbsp;months from baseline, then yearly for at least 5&nbsp;years. Results: Forty-seven women were recruited by two Units of Medical Oncology (Ethics Committee authorization CESM-AOUP, 3203/2011; EudraCT identification number: 2010-024067-41, for Pisa and Pontedera Hospitals). An episode of grade 3 CHF (NCI-CTCAE, version 3.0) occurred after 18&nbsp;months the beginning of chemotherapy. The echocardiograms assessments were performed comparing the LVEF values of each patient evaluated at fixed period of time, compared to baseline. We observed a slight changed in terms of mean values at 48, 60, 72 and 84&nbsp;months. At these time points, a statistically significant reduction of -&nbsp;3.2%, -&nbsp;4.6%, -&nbsp;6.4% and -&nbsp;7.1%, respectively, was observed. However, LVEF remained above 50% without translation in any relevant clinical signs. No other cardiac significant episodes were reported. To this analysis, in 13 patients (28%) occurred disease relapse&nbsp;and,&nbsp; of them, 11 (23%) died due to metastatic disease. Eight patients died of cancer-unrelated causes. Conclusions: The combination including NPL-DOX in elderly patients revealed low rate of cardiac toxic effects. Comparative trials are encouraged

Evaluación de la inmunogenicidad de una proteína recombinante de Pasteurella multocida para la prevención de la neumonía aguda en alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo immunogenic capacity of a recombinant outer membrane protein of Pasteurella multocida called P6-like (rP6-like). The field trial was carried out in an alpaca production unit in Puno, Peru, and the processing of the samples was done in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of San Marcos University in Lima. Four groups of 5 animals were formed, and they were inoculated according to group with a) normal saline solution, b) bacterin, c) rP6-like, d) combination of bacterin + rP6-like. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 5, 7, 9, 12 and 15 post-inoculation. Single-point indirect ELISA tests were designed for the relative quantification of specific anti-rP6-like antibodies and for total anti-total P. multocida protein antibodies. The group inoculated with rP6-like showed significant elevation of antibodies from day 7 (p&lt;0.05) until day 15 post-inoculation. The other biological products did not show significant elevation during the studied period. The study showed the immunogenic capacity of rP6- like, which allows to continue with future efficacy studies.El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la capacidad inmunogénica in vivo de una proteína recombinante de membrana externa de Pasteurella multocida denominada P6-like (rP6-like). El ensayo de campo se realizó en una unidad de producción alpaquera en Puno, Perú, y el procesamiento de las muestras en la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la UNMSM. Se formaron 4 grupos de 5 animales, y se inoculó, según el grupo a) solución salina normal, b) bacterina, c) rP6-like, d) combinación de bacterina + rP6-like. Se tomaron muestras de sangre en el día 0, 5, 7, 9, 12 y 15 pos-inoculación. Se diseñaron pruebas de ELISA indirecto de punto único para la cuantificación relativa de anticuerpos específicos anti rP6-like y para anticuerpos anti-proteína total de P. multocida. El grupo inoculado con rP6-like mostró elevación significativa de anticuerpos desde el día 7 (p&lt;0.05) hasta el día 15 pos-inoculación. Los demás productos biológicos no presentaron elevación significativa durante el periodo del estudio. El estudio permitió evidenciar la capacidad inmunogénica de la rP6-like, lo cual permite continuar con futuros estudios de eficacia