Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome Presented as Severe Borderline Personality Disorder

An increasing number of findings confirm the significance of cerebellum in affecting regulation and early learning. Most consistent findings refer to association of congenital vermis anomalies with deficits in nonmotor functions of cerebellum. In this paper we presented a young woman who was treated since sixteen years of age for polysubstance abuse, affective instability, and self-harming who was later diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Since the neurological and neuropsychological reports pointed to signs of cerebellar dysfunction and dysexecutive syndrome, we performed magnetic resonance imaging of brain which demonstrated partially developed vermis and rhombencephalosynapsis. These findings match the description of cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome and show an overlap with clinical manifestations of borderline personality disorder

Post COVID-19 irritable bowel syndrome

Objectives: The long-term consequences of COVID-19 infection on the gastrointestinal tract remain unclear. Here, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and post-COVID-19 disorders of gut-brain interaction after hospitalisation for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Design: GI-COVID-19 is a prospective, multicentre, controlled study. Patients with and without COVID-19 diagnosis were evaluated on hospital admission and after 1, 6 and 12 months post hospitalisation. Gastrointestinal symptoms, anxiety and depression were assessed using validated questionnaires. Results: The study included 2183 hospitalised patients. The primary analysis included a total of 883 patients (614 patients with COVID-19 and 269 controls) due to the exclusion of patients with pre-existing gastrointestinal symptoms and/or surgery. At enrolment, gastrointestinal symptoms were more frequent among patients with COVID-19 than in the control group (59.3% vs 39.7%, p<0.001). At the 12-month follow-up, constipation and hard stools were significantly more prevalent in controls than in patients with COVID-19 (16% vs 9.6%, p=0.019 and 17.7% vs 10.9%, p=0.011, respectively). Compared with controls, patients with COVID-19 reported higher rates of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) according to Rome IV criteria: 0.5% versus 3.2%, p=0.045. Factors significantly associated with IBS diagnosis included history of allergies, chronic intake of proton pump inhibitors and presence of dyspnoea. At the 6-month follow-up, the rate of patients with COVID-19 fulfilling the criteria for depression was higher than among controls. Conclusion: Compared with controls, hospitalised patients with COVID-19 had fewer problems of constipation and hard stools at 12 months after acute infection. Patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher rates of IBS than controls. Trial registration number: NCT04691895

Antiepileptic potential of ganaxolone

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Balanserat styrkort i banker : Användning av balanserat styrkort i banker på den svenska marknaden

Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva hur banker använder BSc. Tanken är att denna beskrivning ska visa om banker använder BSc på sättet som allmänna teorierna beskriver det eller om de har ett eget sätt att använda BSc på. Detta för att antingen stärka eller finna skillnader till allmänna teorier i verkligheten. Avgränsningar: Vi har valt att studera finansiella tjänsteföretag, mer specifikt tre av de ledande bankerna i Halmstad. Metod: Studien har utförts med en kvalitativ forsknings-metod med influenser av abduktiv forskningsansats. Grundad teori ligger till grund för empirin och analysen. Slutsats: Bankerna kan till viss del använda BSc för samordning, mätningar och jämförelser. Vi anser att ett BSc inte har tillräckligt tydliga riktlinjer till hur något ska utföras och därmed inte kan användas i verkligheten på det sätt som är tänkt. BSc får enligt oss en subjektiv prägel genom att det anpassas efter den som använder det

Evaluation of safety and successfulness of the coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms

© 2019, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science. All rights reserved. Intracranial aneurisms are ongoing problem for neurosurgeons and especially for interventional neuroradiologists due to its morbidity and mortality. The method of choice for treatment of the unruptured and ruptured intracranial aneurysms is endovascular coiling on account of its minimal invasiveness and high effectiveness. The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety and successfulness of endovascular coiling procedure in unruptured and ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Our study was designed as case series and consisted of patients older than 18 years, who underwent endovascular coiling of unruptured and ruptured intracranial aneurysms and follow-up examination 6 months after the interventional procedure. The procedures were performed from December 2010 to December 2016, by experienced interventional neuroradilogists (more than 400 performed embolizations each) at the Department for Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Serbia. There were 681 patients (average age 47.5 ± 11.2 years) treated with endovascular coiling, out of them 324 (234 females, 90 males) had unruptured intracranial aneurysm and 357 (138 females, 219 males) had ruptured intracranial aneurysm. In our series, total complication rate was 11.71 %. Analysis of the results after first endovascular procedure has shown that complete aneurysm occlusion was accomplished in 546 patients (80.3%), near-complete in 81 patients (11.8%), and incomplete in 54 patients (7.9 %). Our results were satisfying regarding the procedure’s success, safety, outcomes and study material. However, further technical development of the materials and constant training of the interventional radiologists, are a necessity in order to improve treatment outcomes and patients’ benefit

Koncentracije teških metala u uvoznim NPK đubrivima u Srbiji

Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu and Mn in sixteen NPK fertilizers imported and widely used in Serbia were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The results show that contents of heavy metals varied significantly in different fertilizers depending on N:P:K ratio and fertilizer origin. Pb and Cd contents in water solution of fertilizers occurred at low ranges: 2.0-3.1 and 0.03-1.56 mg/kg, respectively. An NPK (15:15:15) fertilizer from Romania was found to contain the highest concentration of Pb and Cd as impurities. Cu content, ranging from 7.1 to 974.7 mg/kg, was the highest in coloured fertilizers from Hungary, the Netherlands and Greece. Mn value in a Hungarian NPK product (10:10:20) exceeds the average Mn value in soil. The data indicate variable contents of heavy metals in fertilizers, some of which are significantly higher than natural concentrations in soil, which suggests that they need to be continuously monitored.Koncentracije Pb, Cd, Cu i Mn u šesnaest uvoznih NPK đubriva, koja se najčešće koriste u Srbiji, su određene metodom plamene atomske apsorpcione spektrometrije. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da sadržaj teških metala u uzorcima različitih đubriva značajno varira, što zavisi od odnosa N:P:K u ispitivanim uzorcima đubriva, kao i od samog porekla đubriva. Koncentracije Pb i Cd su u uskom intervalu: 2,0-3,1, odnosno 0,03-1,56 mg/kg, respektivno. NPK đubrivo (15:15:15) uveženo iz Rumunije sadrži veoma visoke koncentracije Pb i Cd, koji se nalaze kao nečistoće u sirovinama za dobijanje ovog đubriva. Sadržaj Cu varira u znatno većem opsegu: od 7,1 do 974,7 mg/kg, jer je nekim mešanim đubrivima dodat bakar-sulfat kao sredstvo za bojenje. Najveći sadržaj Cu je nađen u obojenim, mešanim NPK đubrivima poreklom iz Mađarske, Grčke i Holandije, i prevazilazi vrednost maksimalno dozvoljene koncentracije Cu koja se može naći u zemljištu. Sadržaj Mn u mađarskom NPK đubrivu (10:10:20) je veći od prosečnog sadržaja Mn u zemljištu čak deset puta. Ovi podaci ukazuju da je neophodno permanentno kontrolisati sadržaj teških metala u uvoznim đubrivima, u cilju smanjenja zagađenosti zemljišta, podzemnih i površinskih voda

Risk factors for cerebral vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

© 2020 Valentina Opancina et al. Introduction - Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a type of spontaneous hemorrhagic stroke, which is caused by a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is the most grievous complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The aim of this study was to examine the risk factors that influence the onset of CVS that develops after endovascular coil embolization of a ruptured aneurysm. Materials and methods - The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. The patients included in the study were 18 or more years of age, admitted within a period of 24 h of symptom onset, diagnosed and treated at a university medical center in Serbia during a 5-year period. Results - Our study showed that the maximum recorded international normalized ratio (INR) values in patients who were not receiving anticoagulant therapy and the maximum recorded white blood cells (WBCs) were strongly associated with cerebrovascular spasm, increasing its chances 4.4 and 8.4 times with an increase of each integer of the INR value and 1,000 WBCs, respectively. Conclusions - SAH after the rupture of cerebral aneurysms creates an endocranial inflammatory state whose intensity is probably directly related to the occurrence of vasospasm and its adverse consequences

Risk factors for cerebral vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a type of spontaneous hemorrhagic stroke, which is caused by a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is the most grievous complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The aim of this study was to examine the risk factors that influence the onset of CVS that develops after endovascular coil embolization of a ruptured aneurysm

Analysis of risk factors for perifocal oedema after endovascular embolization of unruptured intracranial arterial aneurysms

© 2015 Snezana Lukic et al., published by De Gruyter Open. Background. Endovascular embolization is a treatment of choice for the management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, but sometimes is complicated with perianeurysmal oedema. The aim of our study was to establish incidence and outcomes of perianeurysmal oedema after endovascular coiling of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, and to reveal possible risk factors for development of this potentially serious complication. Methods. In total 119 adult patients with endovascular embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysm (performed at Department for Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinical Center, Kragujevac, Serbia) were included in our study. The embolizations were made by electrolite-detachable platinum coils: pure platinum, hydrophilic and combination of platinum and hydrophilic coils. Primary outcome variable was perianeurysmal oedema visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 7, 30 and 90 days after the embolization. Results. The perianurysmal oedema appeared in 47.6% of patients treated with hydrophilic coils, in 21.6% of patients treated with platinum coils, and in 53.8% of those treated with mixed type of the coils. The multivariate logistic regression showed that variables associated with occurrence of perianeurysmal oedema are volume of the aneurysm, hypertension, diabetes and smoking habit. Hypertension is the most important independent predictor of the perianeurysmal oedema, followed by smoking and diabetes. Conclusions. The results of our study suggest that older patients with larger unruptured intracranial aneurysms, who suffer from diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and have the smoking habit, are under much higher risk of having perianeurysmal oedema after endovascular coiling