Grocery Delivery or Customer Pickup—Influences on Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Munich

The number of supermarkets offering grocery delivery has increased in recent years. Many studies conclude that CO2 emission savings result from this concept. Since the delivery of groceries also consumes energy and produces emissions, break-even points can be calculated, where the delivery is environmentally beneficial compared to customer pickup. In this paper, influences of differing vehicle use on break-even points for savings of energy and CO2 emissions are analyzed for the case of Haidhausen Süd, a district in Munich, Germany. Internal combustion engine and electric vehicles are investigated to depict current as well as future trends. After an introduction to the methodology used, the potential to save energy and CO2 emissions related to the delivery of groceries in the chosen district of Munich are evaluated. Subsequently, influences on the break-even points are presented and discussed. As the results show, a delivery of groceries leads to energy and carbon dioxide savings in a wide range of private vehicle use for grocery shopping trips. Nevertheless, if the complete customer vehicle fleet is electrified, the use of delivery vehicles with an internal combustion engine could cause an additional environmental impact at the current modal split for shopping trips in Germany

High-resolution dataset for building energy management systems applications

Modelling and optimization of energy management systems (EMS) require different data types for operation and validation. In this article, a multi-purpose dataset is provided for EMS applications. It includes PV measurement data for the PV generation and prediction algorithms associated with EMS systems. Weather data has also been measured at the same location for the optimization of PV prediction algorithms and other applications such as building model simulations. Moreover, the dataset contains detailed measurements of a seminar room where not only temperatures have been measured, but also user feedback for comfort assessment. All documented measurements have been gathered at the same location in Munich, Germany

PENGUJIAN OPTICAL POWER BUDGET PADA JARINGAN AKSES GEPON - GIGABIT ETHERNET PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK

PENGUJIAN OPTICAL POWER BUDGET PADA JARINGAN AKSES GEPON - GIGABIT ETHERNET PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK - passive optical network, gigabit ethernet passive optical network, optical power budget, optical powe

Additive Manufacturing for Space Applications

Gastvorlesung im Rahmen des Masterstudiengangs "Aerospace Engineering" an der TU Darmstadt. - Definitionen additiver Fertigungsprozesse - Funktionsweise des additiven Fertigungsprozesses Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) - Charakteristische Mikrostruktureigenschaften und mechanischen Eigenschaften mittels LPBF gefertigter Bauteile - Einflussfaktoren auf die Bauteilqualität im LPBF-Prozess - Projektbeispiele aus dem DLR im Bereich LPBF für Raumfahrtanwendunge

Advanced Propellants for Space Propulsion – A Task within the DLR Interdisciplinary Project "Future Fuels"

The project “Future Fuels” combines research in several institutes of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) on the production and use of synthetic fuels for space, energy, transportation, and aviation. Within the sub-project “Advanced Rocket Propellants” (TP5) three promising advanced green propellant systems were under investigation with regard to applicability and efficiency in rocket engines. They are liquid methane / liquid oxygen, liquid mono- and bipropellants consisting of light hydrocarbons and nitrous oxide, and green gelled propellants. This publication gives a short description of aims and results of the space relevant sub-project TP5 within the four years of the project term, but also a very short insight in the other parts of the cross-sectional project Future Fuels

Infliximab Reduces Endoscopic, but Not Clinical, Recurrence of Crohn's Disease after Ileocolonic Resection

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Most patients with Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) eventually require an intestinal resection. However, CD frequently recurs after resection. We performed a randomized trial to compare the ability of infliximab vs placebo to prevent CD recurrence. METHODS: We evaluated the efficacy of infliximab in preventing postoperative recurrence of CD in 297 patients at 104 sites worldwide from November 2010 through May 2012. All study patients had undergone ileocolonic resection within 45 days before randomization. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to groups given infliximab (5 mg/kg) or placebo every 8 weeks for 200 weeks. The primary end point was clinical recurrence, defined as a composite outcome consisting of a CD Activity Index score >200 and a 70-point increase from baseline, and endoscopic recurrence (Rutgeerts score i2, determined by a central reader) or development of a new or re-draining fistula or abscess, before or at week 76. Endoscopic recurrence was a major secondary end point. RESULTS: A smaller proportion of patients in the infliximab group had a clinical recurrence before or at week 76 compared with the placebo group, but this difference was not statistically significant (12.9% vs 20.0%; absolute risk reduction [ARR] with infliximab, 7.1%; 95% confidence interval: 1.3% to 15.5%; P \ubc .097). A significantly smaller proportion of patients in the infliximab group had endoscopic recurrence compared with the placebo group (30.6% vs 60.0%; ARR with infliximab, 29.4%; 95% confidence interval: 18.6% to 40.2%; P < .001). Additionally, a significantly smaller proportion of patients in the infliximab group had endoscopic recurrence based only on Rutgeerts scores i2 (22.4% vs 51.3%; ARR with infliximab, 28.9%; 95% confidence interval: 18.4% to 39.4%; P < .001). Patients previously treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor agents or those with more than 1 resection were at greater risk for clinical recurrence. The safety profile of infliximab was similar to that from previous reports. CONCLUSIONS: Infliximab is not superior to placebo in preventing clinical recurrence after CD-related resection. However, infliximab does reduce endoscopic recurrence

Cardiovascular events associated with rofecoxib : final analysis of the APPROVe trial

Background: Selective inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase-2 has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events in several clinical trials. The Adenomatous Polyp Prevention on Vioxx (APPROVe) study assessed the effect of 3-year treatment with a cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor, rofecoxib (25 mg), on recurrence of neoplastic polyps of the large bowel. We report the cardiovascular outcomes of a long-term follow-up of participants in the trial. Methods: The APPROVe study is a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. 2587 patients with a history of colorectal adenomas were recruited at 108 centres worldwide during 2000 and 2001. Participants were followed for adverse events while on treatment and during the following 14 days. However, after early termination of treatment because of cardiovascular toxicity, we attempted to follow up all randomised patients for at least 1 year after stopping study treatment. External committees blindly assessed potential serious cardiovascular events. The focus of the analysis was the combined incidence of non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and death from cardiovascular, haemorrhagic, and unknown causes (Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration [APTC] combined endpoint). We used Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate endpoint hazard ratios. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT0282386. Findings: We obtained extended post-treatment cardiovascular follow-up data from 84% of participants, and extended mortality follow-up from 95%. In total, 59 individuals had an APTC endpoint in the rofecoxib group and 34 in the placebo group (hazard ratio 1.79, 95% CI 1.17-2.73; p=0.006). In the first year after cessation of treatment, there was a non-significant increase in the risks of APTC endpoints. The APTC hazard ratio did not substantially change over time. Interpretation: Use of rofecoxib is associated with increased rates of APTC events. Study data are compatible with an early increase in risk that persists for one year after stopping treatment