Síndrome do intestino curto secundária à doença de Crohn: uma revisão sistemática

Introduction: Crohn's disease is defined as a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, which can affect any segment of the gastrointestinal tract, starting in the mouth and extending to the anus. As the disease develops, it can lead to serious complications, including obstructions intestinal damage, formation of fistulas, among others. In certain cases, such as clinical instability, extensive surgical interventions are indicated, such as resection of the small intestine, which may result in the patient losing more than 100 cm of intestine, leading to Short Bowel Syndrome. Even with advances in perioperative care, which have ensured greater safety in Crohn's disease surgery, there is evidence of the inevitability of its recurrence. Therefore, it is crucial to adopt an appropriate approach to managing Crohn's disease before it develops into complications that require invasive procedures. Methodology: This article consists of a systematic review of articles in the English language with the descriptors 'short bowel syndrome in Crohn's disease', 'short bowel syndrome' 'Crohn's disease and short bowel” and “Crohn's disease”, on the Pubmed, SciELO platforms and Google Scholar.  Results and Discussion: Given the possibilities of complications, SBS is the most common in CD control surgeries, causing loss of intestinal mass, mainly secondary to surgical resection of the small intestine or loss of function. The spectrum of disease is widely variable, from malabsorption of a single micronutrient to complete intestinal failure. The treatment of Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) will depend on the stage the patient is in after resection. Some surgical interventions allow increasing the area of​intestinal absorption and reducing intestinal transit and have been widely used today as an adjuvant treatment to nutrition. Conclusion: conclude that Crohn's disease is an inflammatory pathology, the etiology of which is not fully elucidated, involving genetic and environmental factors.Introdução: A Doença de Crohn é definida como doença inflamatória intestinal crônica, podendo afetar qualquer segmento do trato gastrointestinal, com início na boca estendendo-se até o ânus.À medida que a doença se desenvolve, ela pode levar a complicações graves, incluindo obstruções intestinais, formação de fístulas, entre outros.Em certos casos, como instabilidade clínica, está indicado intervenções cirúrgicas extensas, como ressecção do intestino delgado, podendo o paciente perder mais de 100 cm de intestino, acarretando a Síndrome do Intestino Curto. Mesmo com o avanço em cuidados perioperatórios, os quais garantiram maior segurança na cirurgia de Doença de Crohn, a evidência da inevitabilidade da recorrência desta. Portanto, é crucial adotar uma abordagem adequada no manejo da doença de Crohn antes que ela evolua para complicações que exijam procedimentos invasivos. Metodologia: O presente artigo consiste em uma revisão sistemática de artigos na língua inglesa com os descritores ‘short bowel syndrome in Crohn’s disease’, ‘short bowel syndrome’ ‘Crohn’s disease and short bowel” e “Crohn’s disease”, nas plataformas Pubmed, SciELO e Google Scholar.  Resultados e Discussão: Diante das possibilidades de complicações, a SIC é a mais presente nas cirurgias de controle da DC,  causando a perda de massa intestinal, principalmente secundária à ressecção cirúrgica do intestino delgado ou perda de função. O espectro da doença é amplamente variável, desde a má absorção de um único micronutriente até a insuficiência intestinal completa. O tratamento da Síndrome do Intestino Curto (SIC) vai depender da fase que o paciente se encontra após a ressecção. Existem algumas intervenções cirúrgicas que permitem aumentar a área de absorção intestinal e reduzir o trânsito intestinal e têm sido muito utilizadas atualmente como tratamento adjuvante à nutrição. Conclusão: concluir que a doença de Crohn é uma patologia inflamatória, a qual a etiologia não é totalmente elucidada, envolvendo fatores genéticos e ambientais

The BLue Amazon Brain (BLAB): A Modular Architecture of Services about the Brazilian Maritime Territory

We describe the first steps in the development of an artificial agent focused on the Brazilian maritime territory, a large region within the South Atlantic also known as the Blue Amazon. The "BLue Amazon Brain" (BLAB) integrates a number of services aimed at disseminating information about this region and its importance, functioning as a tool for environmental awareness. The main service provided by BLAB is a conversational facility that deals with complex questions about the Blue Amazon, called BLAB-Chat; its central component is a controller that manages several task-oriented natural language processing modules (e.g., question answering and summarizer systems). These modules have access to an internal data lake as well as to third-party databases. A news reporter (BLAB-Reporter) and a purposely-developed wiki (BLAB-Wiki) are also part of the BLAB service architecture. In this paper, we describe our current version of BLAB's architecture (interface, backend, web services, NLP modules, and resources) and comment on the challenges we have faced so far, such as the lack of training data and the scattered state of domain information. Solving these issues presents a considerable challenge in the development of artificial intelligence for technical domains

SUICIDIO EM IDOSOS: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA

A falta de dados disponíveis sobre as taxas de suicídio entre a população idosa no Brasil é preocupante, especialmente diante das altas taxas observadas em países desenvolvidos.  O suicídio em idosos é uma questão importante de saúde pública e um tema de crescente preocupação em todo o mundo. A revisão bibliográfica é uma metodologia amplamente utilizada para reunir informações atualizadas e relevantes sobre um determinado tema de pesquisa. A justificativa para este estudo é a necessidade de entender melhor os fatores de risco, a saúde mental e as barreiras ao acesso aos cuidados de saúde mental, além das estratégias de prevenção e intervenção, para reduzir o número de suicídios em idosos. O objetivo é identificar os fatores de risco, e as barreiras ao acesso a cuidados de saúde mental, bem como as estratégias de prevenção e intervenção, reduzindo o estigma associado e incentivando as pessoas a procurar ajuda e suporte emocional disponíveis para idosos em risco de suicídio. Espera-se que este estudo possa contribuir para o desenvolvimento de políticas e programas de prevenção de suicídio em idosos, promovendo uma melhor compreensão dos fatores que afetam a saúde mental dos idosos e a prevenção de suicídios

Cuidado ao doente de tuberculose na Estratégia Saúde da Família: percepções de enfermeiras

Analisar percepções de enfermeiras sobre o controle da tuberculose, segundo o eixo teórico da integralidade em saúde e os conceitos de vínculo e trabalho em equipe. Pesquisa qualitativa que envolveu 13 enfermeiras da Estratégia Saúde da Família de município prioritário da região Metropolitana de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. As informações foram coletadas mediante grupo focal e analisadas conforme a técnica de análise de conteúdo e modalidade temática. Elementos potencializadores do controle da tuberculose: tratamento supervisionado, medicação gratuita e oferta de insumos. Elementos fragilizadores: rotatividade dos profissionais, retaguarda laboratorial, falta de incentivos para os doentes e ações educativas incipientes. Os elementos que fragilizam o cuidado ao doente de tuberculose, identificados pelos enfermeiros, devem ser refletidos por gestores, profissionais, usuários e formadores, de modo que na prática seja possível redefinir ações de cuidado que fortaleçam o vínculo, a integralidade e o trabalho em equipe

Regulação e infraestrutura

- Divulgação dos SUMÁRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito à Lei de Direitos Autorais, não disponibilizamos a obra na íntegra.- Localização na estante: 35.078.2 R344i- Alexandre Santos de Aragão, Anna Carolina Migueis Pereira e Letícia Lobato Anicet Lisboa são os coordenadores da obra

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

The value of open-source clinical science in pandemic response: lessons from ISARIC

International audienc