Distribuição das lesões esquistossomóticas extra-hepáticas em camundongos infectados pelas linhagens BH e SJ do Schistosoma mansoni

The distribution of schisiosomotic granulomae in the spleen, lungs, kidneys, heart, and intestines of mice infected by BH and SJ strains of S. mansoni was studied. No great difference was found in the distribution of granulomae of the two strains; however, the number of lesions caused by the BH strain was greater in the spleen and the lungs.Foi estudada a distribuição dos granulomas esquistossomóticos no baço, pulmões, rins, coração e intestinos de camundongos parasitados pelas linhagens BH e SJ de S. mansoni. Verificou-se que a distribuição de granulomas produzidos pelos esquistossomos das duas linhagens é semelhante, sendo que a linhagem BH produziu número significativamente maior de lesões no baço e nos pulmões

Yield and shelf life of chrysanthemum in response to the silicon application

The potted chrysanthemum is one of the main flowers produced in protected cultivation. Silicon has promoted improvements both in quantitative and qualitative aspects when supplied to some ornamental species produced in these conditions. We evaluated the response of chrysanthemum cultivars grown in pots to the application of silicon. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Treatments were arranged in a 3x2 factorial scheme (three cultivars of chrysanthemum: Coral Charm, White Reagan and Indianapolis and two doses of silicon: 0 and 800 mg kg-1) with six replications, in an entirely randomized design. We evaluated the diameter of the flower buds and stems; length of the flower stems; height of the plants; dry matter production of roots, leaves, stems, inflorescence and shoots; total number of inflorescences; diameter of the most fully open inflorescences; Si content in the leaf tissue; and flowering cycle and shelf life. The White Reagan cultivar produced the greatest number of inflorescences (29.17) per pot and proved to be more precocious (85.83 days). There was no negative interaction between Si, Ca and K and no effect of silicon was shown on the production and shelf life of the chrysanthemum. There was an increase in the content of this element in the leaves with the application of potassium metasilicate.O crisântemo de vaso é uma das principais flores produzidas em ambiente protegido. O silício tem promovido melhorias tanto no aspecto quantitativo quanto no qualitativo quando fornecido a algumas espécies ornamentais produzidas nestas condições. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a resposta à aplicação de silício de três cultivares de crisântemo cultivadas em vaso. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 3x2 (três cultivares de crisântemo: Coral Charm, White Reagan e Indianápolis e duas doses de silício aplicadas no substrato: 0 e 800 mg kg-1) com seis repetições, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram avaliados o diâmetro dos botões e das hastes florais; comprimento das hastes florais; altura da planta; produção de matéria seca de raízes, folhas, caule, inflorescências e parte aérea; número total de inflorescências; diâmetro da inflorescência mais aberta; teor de Si nos tecidos foliares; ciclo e longevidade floral. A cultivar White Reagan produziu o maior número de inflorescências (29,17) por vaso e mostrou ser mais precoce (85,83 dias). Não houve interação negativa entre Si, Ca e K e não foi constatado efeito do silício na produção e na longevidade das inflorescências de crisântemo. Houve aumento nos teores deste elemento nas folhas com a aplicação do metasilicato de potássio

ENVIRONMENTAL DISCLOSURE: DOES REGULATION SOLVE THE LACK OF COMPARABILITY AND OBJECTIVITY?

O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi investigar o impacto da regulação sobre a evidenciação ambiental (EA). A falta de objetividade e de comparabilidade têm tem sido apontadas apontado em pesquisas anteriores como as principais limitações da EA das empresas. E e entender como a regulação pode impactar tais limitações é primordial para o avanço das discussões sobre a necessidade de regulamentar ou não tais práticas. Foram analisadas informações ambientais dispostas nos relatórios anuais do ano de 2007 de 120 empresas de tamanho equivalente, do setor de petróleo e gás natural de quatro países com similaridades culturais: os Estados Unidos, o Canadá, a Inglaterra e a Austrália. Para a classificação dos dados utilizou-se uma escala adaptada de dois trabalhos consagrados no meio de evidenciação ambiental, o estudo de Clarkson et al et al. (2008) e o de Wiseman (1982). Para analisar as diferenças regulatórias foram utilizadas pesquisas já existentes que fizeram tal levantamento anteriormente. Os resultados mostraram que em países com mecanismos regulatórios mais extensos, específicos e com maior poder coercitivo, as práticas de disclosure ambiental são mais objetivas e comparáveis, ou seja, a regulamentação pode ser uma das soluções para melhorar a evidenciação ambiental das companhias.The main aim in this research was to investigate the impact of regulation on environmental disclosure (ED). Lack of objectivity and comparability have been indicated in earlier studies as the main limitations of companies’ ED and understanding how regulation can influence these limitations is fundamental for the advancement of discussions about the need to regulate these practices or not. Environmental information was analyzed in the annual reports for the year 2007 of 120 companies of equivalent size, from the oil and natural gas sector, in four countries with cultural similarities: the United States, Canada, England and Australia. To classify the data, a scale was used that was adapted from two studies on environmental disclosure, the study by Clarkson et al (2008) and by Wiseman (1982). To analyze the regulatory differences, existing studies were used in which this survey was previously undertaken. The results showed that, in countless with more extensive and specific regulatory mechanisms with greater enforcement power, environmental disclosure practices are more objective and comparable, that is, regulation can be one of the solutions to improve companies’ environmental disclosure

Variation in perceived collective efficacy among adolescent basketball players across 4-month competitive season.

A team shared belief in its capability to organize and execute some actions required to achieve given performance level is referred as collective efficacy. Collective efficacy in sports appears to be dependent on the interactions and organized dynamics between the players within the team, their competences, including physical competence, organization, structure and strategies. It is directly related to team performance potential. In the present study we examined the changes of perceived collective efficacy among young basketball players and 10 to 17 years across a 4-month competitive season, accounting for variation by age group since youth sports are generally organized by competitive age groups. Based on the repeated measures across 4 months in the range of age observed, we explored the trends of perceived collective efficacy among this sample players. Sixty-five adolescent male basketball players aged 13,7 (9,5 to 17,3) years at baseline were considered. Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports (CEQS) was used to assess players´ perception of collective efficacy. The adolescent basketball players had high CEQS scores. Except for persistence, all CEQS factors did not vary by age group. However, no distinct trend of differences between age group was present. The CEQS factors remained high after 4-months competitive season exposure, except for ability where there was a systematic decrease for players scores at end-season.  A negative trend of change was apparent for persistence, preparation and unity as players were closer to late adolescence years. The results in this study highlight the importance for coaches and practitioners to consider environment and context influence on young basketball players´ collective efficacy perception.La creencia compartida de un equipo en su capacidad de organización y ejecución de acciones necesarias para alcanzar datos niveles de desempeño es referida como eficacia colectiva. La eficacia colectiva en el deporte parece depender de interacciones y dinámicas organizadas entre jugadores dentro de un equipo, sus competencias, incluyendo habilidades físicas, organización, estructura y estrategias. Está directamente relacionada con el potencial de rendimiento del equipo. En el presente estudio, examinamos los cambios en la eficacia colectiva percibida entre jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto de 10 a 17 años en cuatro meses de la temporada de competición, considerando la variación por grupo de edad así como generalmente las competiciones de jóvenes se organizan. Basado en medidas repetidas en cuatro meses en la amplitud de las edades observadas, exploramos las tendencias de la eficacia colectiva percibida entre los jugadores de esa muestra. Sesenta y cinco adolescentes jugadores de baloncesto del sexo masculino, con edad de 13,7 (9,5 a 17,3) años en la primera colecta fueron considerados. El Cuestionario de Eficacia Colectiva en los Deportes (CEQS) fue utilizado para medir la percepción de eficacia colectiva de los jugadores. Los jugadores tuvieron altas puntuaciones en el CEQS. Con excepción de la persistencia, todos los factores del CEQS no variaron de acuerdo con el grupo de edad. Sin embargo, ninguna tendencia distinta entre los grupos estuvo presente. Los factores del CEQS permanecieron elevados después de cuatro meses de exposición a la temporada competitiva, excepto por la habilidad donde hubo un descenso sistemático para las puntuaciones de los jugadores al final de la temporada. Una tendencia negativa de alteración fue aparente para persistencia, preparación y unión cuando jugadores estaban cerca de los últimos años de la adolescencia. Los resultados de este estudio destacan la importancia para los entrenadores y técnicos considerar el ambiente y la influencia del contexto en la percepción de eficacia colectiva en adolescentes jugadores de baloncesto.A crença compartilhada de uma equipe em sua capacidade de organização e execução de ações necessárias para atingirem dados níveis de desempenho é referida como eficácia coletiva. A eficácia coletiva no esporte parece ser dependente de interações e dinâmicas organizadas entre jogadores dentro de uma equipe, suas competências, incluindo competências físicas, organização, estrutura e estratégias. Está diretamente relacionada ao potencial de desempenho da equipe. No presente estudo, examinamos as alterações na eficácia coletiva percebida entre jovens jogadores de basquetebol de 10 a 17 anos em quatro meses da temporada de competição, considerando a variação por grupo etário assim como geralmente as competições de jovens são organizadas. Baseado em medidas repetidas em quatro meses na amplitude das idades observadas, exploramos as tendências da eficácia coletiva percebida entre os jogadores dessa amostra. Sessenta e cinco adolescentes jogadores de basquetebol do sexo masculino, com idade de 13,7 (9,5 a 17,3) anos na primeira coleta foram considerados. O Questionário de Eficácia Coletiva nos Esportes (CEQS) foi utilizado para mensurar a percepção de eficácia coletiva dos jogadores. Os jogadores tiveram altas pontuações no CEQS. Com exceção da persistência, todos os fatores do CEQS não variaram de acordo com o grupo etário. Contudo, nenhuma tendência distinta entre os grupos esteve presente. Os fatores do CEQS permaneceram elevados após quatro meses de exposição à temporada competitiva, exceto pela habilidade onde houve um decréscimo sistemático para as pontuações dos jogadores no final da temporada. Uma tendência negativa de alteração foi aparente para persistência, preparação e união quando jogadores estavam próximos dos últimos anos da adolescência. Os resultados desse estudo destacam a importância para treinadores e técnicos considerarem o ambiente e a influência do contexto na percepção de eficácia coletiva em adolescentes jogadores de basquetebol

Eine Phantasie der Allmacht. Vom Versprechen des an die Technologie angepassten Lernens

Die Autoren analysieren nach der Methode der Objektiven Hermeneutik den das brasilianische Werbevideo der Lernplattform "Moodle". Es wird sowohl der Slogan als auch die Bildpräsentation und damit die Funktionsweise der Lernplattform sequenzanalytisch rekonstruiert. Dabei zeigt sich, wie die Lernplattform nicht nur die Funktion der Lehrenden entprofessionalisiert, sondern auch das Vermittelte zur Nebensache gerät. Die Art und Weise, wie die Plattform den Schüler und die Schülerin an sie bindet, wird als reine Anpassung gekennzeichnet. (DIPF/Orig.

[C-11]PIB PET imaging can detect white and grey matter demyelination in a non-human primate model of progressive multiple sclerosis

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Its diagnosis is clinical, often confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. This image modality, however, is not ideal for discrimination of demyelination in grey and white matter regions from inflammatory lesions. Positron Emission Tomography (PET), using specific radiopharmaceuticals, can be a tool to differentiate between these processes. The radiopharmaceutical [C-11]PIB is widely used for detection of beta-amyloid plaques, but has also been suggested for the analysis of myelin content due to its consistent uptake in white matter. The aim of this study was to evaluate [C-11]PIB PET imaging as a tool for detecting demyelinated regions in white and grey matter of non-human primate model of progressive MS. Methods: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in marmosets by injection of re-combinant human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (rhMOG) emulsified in either Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA) or Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). [C-11]PIB PET images were acquired prior to immunization (baseline) and after symptoms were present (end of experiment). Brain tissue was isolated for histochemical analysis. Results: All rhMOG/IFA-treated and rhMOG/CFA-treated animals showed clinical signs of EAE. The rhMOG/CFA group presented a significant [C-11]PIB uptake reduction only in the left motor cortex (9%, P = 0.011). For the rhMOG/IFA group, significant decrease in [C-11]PIB uptake was observed in the whole brain (15%, P = 0.015), in the right hemisphere of body of corpus callosum (34%, P = 0.02), splenium of corpus callosum (38%, P = 0.004), hippocampus (19%, P = 0.036), optic tract (13%, P = 0.025), thalamus (14%, P = 0.041), Globus pallidus (23%, P = 0.017), head of caudate nucleus (25%, P = 0.045), tail of caudate nucleus (29%, P = 0.003), putamen (28%, P = 0.047) and left hemisphere of body of corpus callosum (14%, P = 0.037) and head of caudate nucleus (23%, P = 0.023). [C-11]PIB uptake significantly correlated with luxol fast blue histology (myelin marker), both in the rhMOG/IFA (r(2) = 0.32, P <0.0001) and the rhMOG/CFA group (r(2) = 0.46, P <0.0001). Conclusion: [C-11]PIB PET imaging is an efficient tool for detecting demyelination in grey and white matter, in a non-human primate model of progressive MS

Rest energy expenditure is decreased during the acute as compared to the recovery phase of sepsis in newborns

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Little is known with respect to the metabolic response and the requirements of infected newborns. Moreover, the nutritional needs and particularly the energy metabolism of newborns with sepsis are controversial matter. In this investigation we aimed to evaluate the rest energy expenditure (REE) of newborns with bacterial sepsis during the acute and the recovery phases.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We studied nineteen neonates (27.3 ± 17.2 days old) with bacterial sepsis during the acute phase and recovery of their illness. REE was determined by indirect calorimetry and VO₂and VCO₂measured by gas chromatography.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>REE significantly increased from 49.4 ± 13.1 kcal/kg/day during the acute to 68.3 ± 10.9 kcal/kg/day during recovery phase of sepsis (P < 0.01). Similarly, VO₂(7.4 ± 1.9 <it>vs </it>10 ± 1.5 ml/kg/min) and VCO₂(5.1 ± 1.7 <it>vs </it>7.4 ± 1.5 ml/kg/min) were also increased during the course of the disease (P < 0.01).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>REE was increased during recovery compared to the sepsis phase. REE of septic newborns should be calculated on individualized basis, bearing in mind their metabolic capabilities.</p

Biodiesel Production From Bovine Tallow

Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils, animal fats and waste oils and fats. This is a newer experience, because in 2004 the National Program for Production and Use of Biodiesel (NPPB) was created by the Ministry of Agrarian Development (MDA), but released only in 2005. This study was a micro-scale plant to process beef tallow into biodiesel, to add value to these products. It also aims to bring a gain in environmental quality for the region, as a social and environmental program to collect and saturated fat frying in oil and neighborhood associations within the school community, restaurants and hotels will be implemented. This oil is also processed into biodiesel, which will be used by the fleet of the refrigerator itself, in Santa Vitoria do Palmar, pretty or totally reducing the consumption of diesel derived from petroleum. The study of unit operations and layout for equipment sizing was performed. The economic and financial analysis was also performed to establish whether the deployment feasibility of this micro-distillery. As the economic analysis, it was observed that it is not feasible the implementation of micro-plant if the need to hire an employee to work on it only because it will increase their spending for the production of biodiesel, compared to what is spent on fuel today. Came to the conclusion that if the refrigerator to continue with the same number of existing employees, and to designate a micro-distillery only in days of production, the project becomes interesting, as there will be a salary to be paid more. Taking into account that increase the consumption of meat, or that the campaigns to collect waste oils and fats have a great impact in the municipalities, and thereby doubling the batch production, even hiring an employee, the project becomes viable Excess biofuel produced can be used in generators to reduce the amount spent on electricity. The use of tallow for biodiesel production in this refrigerator is an alternative to reduce the cost of fossil fuels and also to add value to a by-product, since it shows good yield for biofuel processing. The socio-environmental appeal that this micro-power plant will bring to the region is also important, since the whole community will benefit from the action of collecting waste oils, relieving the environment of this type of pollution