Víctimas, sociedad y proceso : La eclosión de lo humano

[ES] La intervención del autor en el acto inaugural del Curso 2014/2015 del IVAC/KREI da lugar al presente artículo. En él, el autor sostiene la relevancia de lo humano y el papel que juegan las víctimas mediante la aportación de elementos cruciales para la reforma del proceso penal. Asimismo, reivindica el objetivo comunitario de “desatar el poder de la memoria reflexiva” para aprender a ser ciudadano demócrata en Euskadi después de ETA.[EU] IVAC/KREIren 2014/2015 Ikasturtearen inaugurazio ekitaldian egileak izandako partehartzea da artikulu honen oinarri. Egileak alderdi gizatiarraren garrantzia eta biktimek prozesu penalaren erreformarako erabakigarriak diren elementuak ematearen munta defendatzen du. Era berean, “gogoetazko memoriaren boterea askatzean” datzan helburu komunitarioa aldarrikatzen du, ETAren ondoren Euskadin hiritar demokratikoa izaten ikasteko[FR] Cet article est fondé sur la communication de l’auteur à la cérémonie d’ouverture de l’année universitaire 2014/2015 de l’Institut Basque de Criminologie (IVAC/KREI). Il soutient la relevance de l’humain et le rôle que les victimes jouent par l’apport des éléments cruciaux pour la réforme pénale. L’auteur souligne également l’importance de l’objectif communautaire de « libérer le pouvoir de la mémoire réflexive » pour apprendre à être un citoyen démocratique au Pays Basque après ETA.[EN] The present article is based on the author’s presentation at the opening ceremony for the 2014/2015 academic year of the Basque Institute of Criminology (IVAC/KREI). The author defends the importance of the human perspective and the role victims play through the contribution of crucial elements to the reform of criminal proceedings. Furthermore, he supports the community aim of “unlocking the power of reflective memory” to learn how to be a democratic citizen in the Basque Country after ETA

Three projects of Julio Cano Lasso in Fuentelarreina

[Resumen] El trabajo pretende abordar el análisis del método proyectual de Julio Cano Lasso y buscar relaciones entre su obra y las referencias externas a ella utilizadas por el arquitecto. Este objetivo general se ejemplifi ca a través del estudio de las herramientas proyectuales concretas usadas en los sucesivos proyectos realizados, junto con Juan Antonio Ridruejo, entre los años 1968 y 1976, para las Ofi cinas Centrales de Telefónica en Fuentelarreina. Estos tres proyectos, con un programa que va variando en el tiempo y con distintas localizaciones dentro de una extensa parcela, se desarrollan partiendo de esquemas organizativos completamente diferentes, que surgen sin embargo de un método proyectual homogéneo que hemos denominado «método referencial».[Abstract] This paper intends the analysis of Julio Cano Lasso’s design method and search for relationships between his work and the external references selected by the architect. It is made through the study of the tools used in three subsequent projects, done along with Juan Antonio Ridruejo, between 1968 and 1976 for the Telefónica Headquarters in Fuentelarreina. Th ese three projects, with a program that varies in time with diff erent locations within an extensive plot, are developed on entirely different organizational schemes, however arising of a homogeneous design method that we have called «reference method

La concepción republicana de la libertad en Pettit. Un recorrido histórico por Hobbes y Locke

Sin resume

Using rubrics as a self-assessment tool in Botany learning

Las rúbricas o matrices de evaluación son una herramienta educativa para la evaluación del proceso de aprendizaje. En la rúbrica se identifican ciertos criterios en la realización de un trabajo y también se define la gradación de calidad para cada criterio, desde un rendimiento pobre hasta la excelencia. Las rúbricas ayudan a estudiantes y profesores a juzgar la calidad de la tarea realizada por los estudiantes y pueden utilizarse además como herramienta de autoevaluación, mostrándose muy eficaces en algunos estudios previos. La realización de un herbario personal o en grupo ha sido un recurso utilizado para el aprendizaje de la Botánica desde hace años. Los herbarios permiten que el alumno conozca la terminología adecuada de la Taxonomía Botánica, aprenda a preparar, conservar e identificar las plantas con la bibliografía adecuada, y adquiera un conocimiento de visu de la flora local. Asimismo, otras competencias transversales, como la capacidad de trabajo en grupo, pueden ser potenciadas con la realización de dicho herbarios. La evaluación de los herbarios es compleja debido a la diversidad de competencias necesarias para la correcta realización del trabajo. Aquí presentamos una rúbrica desarrollada para que el alumno pueda autoevaluarse según diferentes criterios que se agrupan en tres grandes bloques: (i) Contenido, (ii) Presentación y Documentación, y (iii) Destrezas de trabajo colaborativas (trabajo en grupo). Esta autoevaluación tiene como finalidad la mejora en la presentación de los herbarios y con ello una mejora del rendimiento académico del alumno.A rubric (evaluation matrix) is an educational tool designed to evaluate the learning process. In an evaluation matrix, specific expectations are identified as well as a grade of fulfillment for each criterion, from a poor to an excellent performance. Rubrics make easier the evaluation task carried out by teachers and students, improving its quality, and can be used for self-assessment as its efficiency is proved by previous studies. An individual or collective herbarium is a learning tool that has been used for many years. Herbaria allow that students can familiarize with the Botanical Taxonomy terminology, learn to prepare, preserve and identify plant specimens (with the necessary bibliography), and acquire visual knowledge of local flora. In addition, several transversal competences, like teamwork related skills, are boosted in its construction. The evaluation of a herbarium is complex due to the diversity of necessary competences involved. Here, we bring a rubric to let students self-assess different criteria (grouped in three blocks): (i) Content, (ii) Presentation and Documentation, and (iii) Teamwork skills. The purpose of this self-assessment is to improve the presentation of the herbarium and hence the student's academic performance

La bitácora como instrumento para seguimiento y evaluación de un programa de residencia en oftalmología

Para asegurar la adquisición de conocimientos y el desarrollo de competencias, la educación médica en oftalmología requiere el uso de herramientas que permitan, además de evaluación y seguimiento, la participación por parte de los residentes en su respectiva retroalimentación. Teniendo este precedente, el presente artículo expone los resultados de un estudio cualitativo, bajo un diseño de investigación evaluativa que buscó revisar, evaluar y proponer la utilización de las bitácoras como una herramienta de seguimiento y evaluación del aprendizaje de los residentes de oftalmología del Hospital Militar Central. A partir de los registros realizados en las bitácoras y de la aplicación de una encuesta se recogieron las percepciones de los estudiantes y docentes acerca de esta metodología, sus fortalezas y debilidades. Se percibió resistencia al cambio y comodidad con los métodos tradicionales de evaluación. La encuesta, sin embargo, evidenció que la bitácora era percibida por más del 90% de los encuestados como un instrumento adecuado de seguimiento y evaluación del proceso de aprendizaje. La conclusión más importante es que la introducción de nuevos métodos en una actividad requiere de un programa que permita la motivación y una cimentación sólida para una transición agradable y efectiva, y poder aprovechar los beneficios de esta herramienta.In order to ensure knowledge acquisition and skills development, medical education in Ophthalmology involves the use of tools that allow not only evaluation and monitoring but also residents participation in their respective feedback process. Given this precedent, this paper presents the results of a qualitative study under an evaluation research design that sought to review, evaluate and propose the use of portfolio as a tool for monitoring and evaluating the learning process in Ophthalmology residents at the Central Military Hospital. From the log records and data from a survey, student s and teacher s perceptions about this methodology, its strengths and weaknesses were collected. Resistance to change was perceived in contrast to comfort with traditional methods of evaluation. The survey, however, showed that the log was perceived by more than 90% of respondents as an adequate tool for monitoring and evaluation of the learning process. The most important conclusion is that the introduction of new methods in an activity requires a process or program that fosters motivation and a solid foundation for pleasant and effective transition, so that can take advantage of this tool

Health risk assessment posed by primary diesel particulate matter and vapor air toxics in Southeastern US

Air toxics concentrations and health effects that come from different sources emission scenarios by linking Models-3/CMAQ and cancer risk assessment were predicted. The year 1999 was used to emissions inventory and the year 2003 for meteorological data and modeling performance. To demonstrate the system's effectiveness, this study was performed on priority mobile sources air toxics; benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and diesel particulate matter (DPM). The analysis was applied mainly to Nashville in the Southeastern US. Ten emissions scenarios were selected to compare the principal results. DPM posed a cancer risk that was 4.2 times higher than the combined total cancer risk from all other four air toxics. Those high cancer risk levels were due mainly to non-road sources (57.9%). For the on-road diesel fueled sources, the principal reductions were due to the DPM generated by heavy duty diesel vehicles. The main on-road reductions were due to the air toxics generated by gasoline light duty vehicles, principally benzene and 1,3-butadiene. Reducing ambient DPM concentrations would lead to improvement in human health more than other air toxics, indicating that better technologies and regulations must be applied to the mobile diesel engines, principally, over non-road diesel sources. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the AWMA's 99th Annual Conference and Exhibition (New Orleans, LA 6/20-23/2006)

New Modulation Technique to Mitigate Common Mode Voltage Effects in Star-Connected Five-Phase AC Drives

Star-connected multiphase AC drives are being considered for electromovility applications such as electromechanical actuators (EMA), where high power density and fault tolerance is demanded. As for three-phase systems, common-mode voltage (CMV) is an issue for multiphase drives. CMV leads to shaft voltages between rotor and stator windings, generating bearing currents which accelerate bearing degradation and produce high electromagnetic interferences (EMI). CMV effects can be mitigated by using appropriate modulation techniques. Thus, this work proposes a new Hybrid PWM algorithm that effectively reduces CMV in five-phase AC electric drives, improving their reliability. All the mathematical background required to understand the proposal, i.e., vector transformations, vector sequences and calculation of analytical expressions for duty cycle determination are detailed. Additionally, practical details that simplify the implementation of the proposal in an FPGA are also included. This technique, HAZSL5M5-PWM, extends the linear range of the AZSL5M5-PWM modulation, providing a full linear range. Simulation results obtained in an accurate multiphase EMA model are provided, showing the validity of the proposed modulation approach.This work has been supported in part by the Government of the Basque Country within the fund for research groups of the Basque University system IT978-16 and in part by the Government of the Basque Country within the research program ELKARTEK as the project ENSOL (KK-2018/00040)

Generation and Dispersion Model of Gaseous Emissions from Sanitary Landfills

A mathematical model was developed to quantify the environmental impact produced by the gases emission from sanitary landfills. The stages of gas generation and diffusion were modeled using waste and cover materials placed in a landfill over an isotropic porous medium, while the dispersion stage was modeled for the atmosphere using a Gaussian model. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) criteria were adopted for the estimation of greenhouse gases emissions. The MATLAB computer program was used to prepare simulations of a proposed sanitary landfill to serve the municipalities of Temuco and Padre Las Casas in Chile, considering a lifetime of 20 years. The simulated results show that the conditions of confinement have a greater incidence on the rate of gas emission than does the quantity of waste disposed. It was also concluded that the level of environmental impact varies considerably according to the evaluation scenario and the project design

Emission Scenarios and the Health Risks Posed by Priority Mobile Air Toxics in an Urban to Regional Area: An Application in Nashville, Tennessee

Toxic air pollutants, also known as hazardous air pollutants, are those that are known or suspected to cause cancer or other serious health effects, such as birth defects or adverse environmental outcomes. The aim of this research was to predict air toxics related health risks due to different emission scenarios by linking Models-3/CMAQ and cancer risk assessments. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, this study was performed on the priority mobile source air toxics (PMSAT) of benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and diesel particulate matter (DPM), based on data from 2003. The analysis was carried out in the eastern US, and mainly in Nashville, TN. Ten emissions scenarios were examined, including a 2020 scenario with the effects of on-road mobile source regulations. The results show that DPM poses a cancer risk that is 4.2 times higher than the combined total cancer risk from all of four other PMSAT. These high cancer risk levels are mainly due to non-road sources (57.9%). The main cancer risk from acetaldehyde, benzene, formaldehyde, and 1,3-butadiene (4HAPs) is due to biogenic sources, which account for 32.2% of this risk, although these cannot be controlled. Excluding DPM, the main on-road cancer risk contribution was due to the air toxics generated by gasoline light duty vehicles (LDVs), principally benzene and 1,3-butadiene. The scenario for 2020 showed reductions in the adverse health effects related to DPM and 4HAPs of 32.8 and 19.4%, respectively. This research provides strong evidence that reducing ambient DPM concentrations will lead to greater improvements in human health than other air toxics, indicating that better technologies and regulations must be applied to mobile diesel engines, as these have more significant adverse health effects than non-road diesel sources