El proceso de comprensión lectora en alumnos de tercero de secundaria

El presente artículo describe el proceso lector seguido por estudiantes de tercero de secundaria para abordar un texto con el propósito de comprenderlo. Se utilizó un método de investigación mixto secuencial cuantitativo/cualitativo. En la fase cuantitativa se seleccionó una muestra de altos y bajos lectores, que fueron observados durante la ejecución de dos tareas, mediante las cuales se evidenció el proceso que siguieron al intentar comprender diversos textos. Los datos recabados en la fase cualitativa evidenciaron que no todos los alumnos siguen el mismo camino para lograr el propósito mencionado, por lo que se presenta un modelo que muestra las diferentes rutas seguidas y se identifica un conjunto de factores que intervienen en la elección de la ruta lectora, entre ellos el pensamiento metacognitivo y las creencias acerca de la lectura. The present article describes the reading process ninth-graders follow to address a text with the purpose of understanding it. A sequential mixed quantitative/qualitative method was used. In the quantitative phase, a sample of high and low readers was selected; these readers were observed while performing two tasks, which revealed the process they followed while attempting to understand diverse texts. The data compiled in the qualitative phase showed that not all students follow the same path to attain the designated purpose. A model is presented to show the different paths followed, and a set of factors that intervene in selecting the reading path is identified. These factors include metacognitive thinking and beliefs about reading.ITESO, A.C

Application of oncoproteomics to aberrant signalling networks in changing the treatment paradigm in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Oncoproteomics is an important innovation in the early diagnosis, management and development of personalized treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). As inherent factors are not completely known – e.g. age or family history, radiation exposure, benzene chemical exposure, certain viral exposures such as infection with the human T-cell lymphoma/leukaemia virus-1, as well as some inherited syndromes may raise the risk of ALL – each ALL patient may modify the susceptibility of therapy. Indeed, we consider these unknown inherent factors could be explained via coupling cytogenetics plus proteomics, especially when proteins are the ones which play function within cells. Innovative proteomics to ALL therapy may help to understand the mechanism of drug resistance and toxicities, which in turn will provide some leads to improve ALL management. Most important of these are shotgun proteomic strategies to unravel ALL aberrant signalling networks. Some shotgun proteomic innovations and bioinformatic tools for ALL therapies will be discussed. As network proteins are distinctive characteristics for ALL patients, unrevealed by cytogenetics, those network proteins are currently an important source of novel therapeutic targets that emerge from shotgun proteomics. Indeed, ALL evolution can be studied for each individual patient via oncoproteomicsDr. E. López Villar is supported by Spanish Health System SNS ISCIII-BOE 2012. This work is supported by Project FIS PI13/02475

Sistema Valladolid de construcción con palets

Producción CientíficaSistema de construccion con palets, de mínimo coste, para utilización en construcción tradicional sostenible y en situaciones post desastre para refugios de emergenciaConstrucciones Arquitectónica

First-in-Human, First-in-Child Trial of Autologous MSCs Carrying the Oncolytic Virus Icovir-5 in Patients with Advanced Tumors

We present here the results of a first-in-human, first-in-child trial for patients with relapsed/refractory solid tumors using Celyvir, an advanced therapy medicine that combines autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) carrying an oncolytic adenovirus. Celyvir was manufactured from a bone marrow aspirate and then given intravenously. Patients received weekly infusions for 6 weeks at a dose of 2 × 106 cells/kg (children) or 0.5-1 × 106 cells/kg (adults), 2 × 104 viral particles per cell. Fifteen pediatric and 19 adult patients were recruited, but 18 were screen failures, mainly because rapid disease progression before Celyvir was available. No grade 2-5 toxicities were reported. Adenoviral replication detected by PCR was found in all but 2 pediatric patient and in none of the adult ones. Absolute numbers of circulating leukocytes suffered minor changes along therapy, but some subsets showed differences comparing the pediatric versus the adult cohorts. Two patients with neuroblastoma showed disease stabilization, and one of them continued on treatment for up to 6 additional weeks. Celyvir, the combination of MSCs and oncolytic adenovirus, is safe and warrants further evaluation in a phase 2 setting. The use of MSCs may be a strategy to increase the amount of oncolytic virus administered to patients, minimizing toxicities and avoiding direct tumor injections.The trial was sponsored by Fundación de Investigacion Biomedica del Hospital Nino Jesus (EudraCT 2008-000364-16; NCT01844661). This work was funded by grants EC11/061, EC08/00094, and EC07/90591 from Instituto de Salud Carlos III and Fondos FEDER. M.R is supported by Asociación Pablo Ugarte, Asociación NEN, and Fundación Neuroblastoma.S

Reiterative infusions of MSCs improve pediatric osteogenesis imperfecta eliciting a pro-osteogenic paracrine response: TERCELOI clinical trial

Background Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disease characterized by bone fragility, with a wide range in the severity of clinical manifestations. The majority of cases are due to mutations in the COL1A1 or COL1A2 genes, which encode type I collagen. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as the progenitors of the osteoblasts, the main type I collagen secreting cell type in the bone, have been proposed and tested as an innovative therapy for OI with promising but transient outcomes. Methods To overcome the short-term effect of MSCs therapy, we performed a phase I clinical trial based on reiterative infusions of histocompatible MSCs, administered in a 2.5-year period, in two pediatric patients affected by severe and moderate OI. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of this cell therapy in nonimmunosuppressed OI patients. The host response to MSCs was studied by analyzing the sera from OI patients, collected before, during, and after the cell therapy. Results We first demonstrated that the sequential administration of MSCs was safe and improved the bone parameters and quality of life of OI patients along the cell treatment plus 2-year follow-up period. Moreover, the study of the mechanism of action indicated that MSCs therapy elicited a pro-osteogenic paracrine response in patients, especially noticeable in the patient affected by severe OI. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the feasibility and potential of reiterative MSCs infusion for two pediatric OI and highlight the paracrine response shown by patients as a consequence of MSCs treatment.We are grateful to the patients affected by OI and their families, and to the AHUCE Foundation, especially to its director Ms Julia Piniella, for the support during the clinical trial. We also thank Dr ME Fernandez-Santos (GM-Cell Production Unit, IiSGM) for her expertise in the cell production, Jose Ignacio Pijoan Zubizarreta (Clinical Epidemiology Unit of Cruces University Hospital) for the overall support provided to the project, and Natale Imaz (Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute) for providing the data and safety monitoring of the clinical trial. We are indebted to all the health professionals from Cruces University Hospital, especially to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit for their participation. This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Health through the call for independent clinical trials projects "EC10-219," Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the project "PI15/00820" (Co-funded by European Regional Development Fund; "A way to make Europe"), Bioef-EiTB maratoia (BIO14/TP/007), and the AHUCE Foundation

Adverse events related to central venous catheters (CVC) and the influence of CVC characteristics on peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cell collection in children

Introduction: The use of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) as a source for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in pediatric healthy donors is still under debate. The risk of a central venous catheter (CVC) placement and catheter-related complications continue to be the main arguments to discourage its use. Methods: we present a retrospective analysis of 140 PBPC collections in pediatric patients and donors, describing adverse events (AE) related to CVCs as well as the influence of catheterrelated variables on the efficiency of the leukapheresis. Results: 14 CVC-related AEs were recorded (10%). The most common was fever in 5 patients, 4 of which had a catheter-related bacteriemia. Thrombotic events were only observed in 3 patients with active malignancy. A healthy donor presented a moderate bleeding after catheter withdrawal that resolved with local measures, and none of the rest presented any AE. Regarding variables related to the development of AEs, the subject group (patient or donor) was the only one significantly associated (p < 0.0001). Of interest, efficiency was also related to catheter location, being worse in those located in the femoral vein than in into the jugular or the subclavian veins (p < 0.05). In a multivariate analysis, the only variable significantly associated was catheter size (beta 0.238, p < 0.01). Discussion: Placing a CVC for PBPC collection in pediatric subjects is overall safe; CVC-related complications in pediatric healthy donors are very rare. Furthermore, we should try to place catheters of the largest caliber possible, since the efficiency of the collection is related to this variabl

Full breastfeeding and paediatric cancer

Aim: It has been suggested that there is an inverse association between breastfeeding and the risk of childhood cancer. We investigated the association between full breastfeeding and paediatric cancer (PC) in a case control study in Spain. Methods: Maternal reports of full breastfeeding, collected through personal interviews using the Paediatric Environmental History, were compared among 187 children 6 months of age or older who had PC and 187 age-matched control siblings. Results: The mean duration of full breastfeeding for cases were 8.43 and 11.25 weeks for controls. Cases had been significantly more often bottle-fed than controls (odds ratio (OR) 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.8). Cases were significantly less breastfed for at least 2 months (OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.3-0.8), for at least 4 months (OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.3-0.8), and for 24 weeks or more (OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.2-0.9). Conclusions: Breastfeeding was inversely associated with PC, the protection increasing with the duration of full breastfeeding. Additional research on possible mechanisms of this association may be warranted. Meanwhile, breastfeeding should be encouraged among mothers