Driving the Crystallization of Zeolites

[EN] The synthesis of zeolites with new structures and/or improved properties heavily relies on trial and error efforts that are not entirely blind, as the large empirical background accumulated for the last 7 decades can be, to some extent, rationalized and purposefully used to make new materials. The so-called structure-directing factors may be combined to promote (or frustrate) the crystallization of a particular structure. This personal account opens with the concept of geoinspiration, as suggested by Prof. Ruiz-Hitzky, and its application to zeolite synthesis. We then provide a concise overview of structure-direction in the synthesis of zeolites and detail examples, both new and from the literature, on how they can be combined to drive the crystallization towards (or away from) structures displaying particular features.Financial support by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MAT2015-71117-R and AGL2015-70235-C2-R) is acknowledged. P. 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Isomorphous substitution of Si by Ti in the framework of ITQ-7, the crystalline silica polymorph of lowest density, has been achieved by direct synthesis, affording its three dimensional system of large pore channels to be used in selective oxidation reactions.CICYT (project MAT97-0723)Peer reviewe

Variación espacio-temporal de la cobertura de coral del norte del Sistema Arrecifal Mesoamericano, Península de Yucatán, México

Evaluating the response of coral assemblages to different disturbances is important because variations in species composition may have consequences for ecosystem functioning due to their different functional roles in coral reefs. This study evaluates changes in diversity, structure and composition of coral assemblages of the coral reefs of two national parks in the northern sector of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System spanning the period from 2006 to 2012, just after the impact of two hurricanes in the area. Coral assemblages in the Cancún National Park included fewer species and lower live coral coverage ( < 15%) than those recorded in Cozumel. In the Cancún National Park, the species with the highest coral cover was Porites astreoides (more than 40% relative cover), and no significant temporal changes were observed in live coral cover and species composition. On the other hand, in the Cozumel National Park the dominant species were Agaricia agaricites, Siderastrea siderea and Porites astreoides, and the coral reefs showed an increase in live coral cover from 16% in 2006 to 29% in 2012. The dynamics of coral assemblages differed between the two parks: while there is an apparent stability in the current composition of the Cancún reefs, the Cozumel reefs show an increase in the abundance of the aforementioned dominant species. However, it is possible that the population characteristics of the species that dominate the coral assemblages in both national parks, such as those of fast population growth and of small colony size, do not entirely fulfill the main function of accretion and habitat heterogeneity, and more research is therefore needed to test this hypothesis.Evaluar la respuesta de las comunidades de coral a diferentes perturbaciones es importante ya que las variaciones en la composición de las especies pueden tener consecuencias en el funcionamiento del ecosistema, debido a los diferentes roles funcionales que cada especie tiene dentro de él. En este estudio se evaluaron los cambios en la diversidad, estructura y composición de las comunidades en los arrecifes de dos Parques Nacionales ubicados en el sector norte del Sistema Arrecifal Mesoamericano, durante el periodo 2006-2012, justo después del impacto de dos huracanes en la zona. En el Parque Nacional Cancún se registraron pocas especies de coral y una cobertura de coral vivo baja ( < 15%) sin cambios temporales significativos; la especie más dominante en este parque fue Porites astreoides con más del 40% de cobertura relativa. Por otro lado, los arrecifes de coral del Parque Nacional de Cozumel mostraron un incremento en la cobertura de coral del 16% en 2006 a 29% en 2012; las especies dominantes, y que incrementaron su cobertura en este periodo, fueron Agaricia agaricites, Siderastrea siderea y P. astreoides. Aunque la dinámica de las comunidades de coral fue diferente en ambos parques, es posible que las características poblacionales de las especies que dominan las comunidades de coral en todos los arrecifes no cumplan por completo con las funciones principales de acreción y heterogeneidad de hábitat; sin embargo se necesita más investigación para poder evaluar esta hipótesis

Hybrid materials with nanoscopic anion-binding pockets for the colorimetric sensing of phosphate in water using displacement assays

Mesoporous amino-functionalised solids containing certain dyes have been used as suitable anion hosts in displacement assays for the colorimetric signalling of phosphate in water.Amoros del Toro, Pedro Jose, [email protected]

Efficient boron removal by using mesoporous matrices grafted with saccharides

Highly efficient boron removal from water was achieved by using mesoporous silica materials functionalised with saccharides.Beltran Porter, Daniel, [email protected] ; Amoros del Toro, Pedro Jose, [email protected]

Sensory hybrid host materials for the selective chromo-fluorogenic detection of biogenic amines

Pyrylium-containing mesoporous materials have been used for the chromo-fluorogenic sensing of biogenic amines in an aqueous environment.Amoros del Toro, Pedro Jose, [email protected]

The CAMELS Project: Public Data Release

The Cosmology and Astrophysics with Machine Learning Simulations (CAMELS) project was developed to combine cosmology with astrophysics through thousands of cosmological hydrodynamic simulations and machine learning. CAMELS contains 4233 cosmological simulations, 2049 N-body simulations, and 2184 state-of-the-art hydrodynamic simulations that sample a vast volume in parameter space. In this paper, we present the CAMELS public data release, describing the characteristics of the CAMELS simulations and a variety of data products generated from them, including halo, subhalo, galaxy, and void catalogs, power spectra, bispectra, Lyα spectra, probability distribution functions, halo radial profiles, and X-rays photon lists. We also release over 1000 catalogs that contain billions of galaxies from CAMELS-SAM: a large collection of N-body simulations that have been combined with the Santa Cruz semianalytic model. We release all the data, comprising more than 350 terabytes and containing 143,922 snapshots, millions of halos, galaxies, and summary statistics. We provide further technical details on how to access, download, read, and process the data at https://camels.readthedocs.io

Effectiveness of a mental health stepped-care programme for healthcare workers with psychological distress in crisis settings: a multicentre randomised controlled trial

Background Evidence-based mental health interventions to support healthcare workers (HCWs) in crisis settings are scarce. Objective To evaluate the capacity of a mental health intervention in reducing anxiety and depression symptoms in HCWs, relative to enhanced care as usual (eCAU), amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted an analyst-blind, parallel, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. We recruited HCWs with psychological distress from Madrid and Catalonia (Spain). The intervention arm received a stepped-care programme consisting of two WHO-developed interventions adapted for HCWs: Doing What Matters in Times of Stress (DWM) and Problem Management Plus (PM+). Each intervention lasted 5 weeks and was delivered remotely by non-specialist mental health providers. HCWs reporting psychological distress after DWM completion were invited to continue to PM+. The primary endpoint was self-reported anxiety/depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-Anxiety and Depression Scale) at week 21. Findings Between 3 November 2021 and 31 March 2022, 115 participants were randomised to stepped care and 117 to eCAU (86% women, mean age 37.5). The intervention showed a greater decrease in anxiety/depression symptoms compared with eCAU at the primary endpoint (baseline-adjusted difference 4.4, 95% CI 2.1 to 6.7; standardised effect size 0.8, 95% CI 0.4 to 1.2). No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusions Brief stepped-care psychological interventions reduce anxiety and depression during a period of stress among HCWs. Clinical implications Our results can inform policies and actions to protect the mental health of HCWs during major health crises and are potentially rapidly replicable in other settings where workers are affected by global emergencies

Zeolita ITQ-7

Traducción de Patente Europea E99959428 (fecha de solicitud, 22/12/1999).-- Prioridad: ES199812229802697 .-- Titulares: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).La presente invención se refiere a un material cristalino microporoso de naturaleza zeolítica denominado ITQ-7, al procedimiento de su preparación y a la utilización de ITQ-7 en procesos de separación y transformación de compuestos orgánicos. En estado calcinado y anhidro, la composición química del material ITQ-7 corresponde a la fórmula empírica:X(M{1/n}XO{sub,2}):y YO{sub,2}:SiO{sub,2}donde x posee un valor inferior a 0,06, pudiendo ser igual a cero; y tiene un valor inferior a 0,1, pudiendo ser igual a cero; M es H{sup,+} o un catión inorgánico de carga +n; X es un elemento químico de estado de oxidación +3(Al, Ga, B, Cr) e Y es un elemento químico con estado de oxidación +4(Ti, Ge, V). Cuando x=0 e y=0 el material ITQ-7 puede describirse como una nueva forma polimórfica de la sílice de carácter microporoso. El material zeolítico de esta invención se caracteriza también por su patrón de difracción de rayos X característico y sus propiedades microporosas. El proceso de preparación se caracteriza por el uso de uno o varios aditivos orgánicos en una mezcla de reacción que se hace cristalizar mediante calentamientoPeer reviewe