High-throughput phenotyping and improvements in breeding cassava for increased carotenoids in the roots

Past research developed reliable equations to base selections for high β-carotene on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) predictions (100 genotypes d−1) rather than with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (<10 samples d−1). During recent harvest, CIAT made selections based on NIR predictions for the first time. This innovation produced valuable information that will help other cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) breeding programs. A total of 284 samples were analyzed with NIR and HPLC for total β-carotene (TBC) and by the oven method for dry matter content (DMC). Results indicated that NIR reliably predicted TBC and DMC. In addition, 232 genotypes grown in preliminary yield trials (PYTs) were harvested at 8.5 and 10.5 mo after planting (one plant per genotype and age) and root quality traits analyzed (by NIR only). Repeatability of results at the two ages was excellent, suggesting reliable results from NIR. In contrast to previous reports, age of the plant did not influence carotenoids content in the roots. The availability of a high-throughput NIR protocol allowed comparing results (for the first time) from seedling and cloned plants from the same genotype. Results showed very little relationship for DMC between seedling and cloned plants (R2 = 0.09). There was a much better association for TBC (R2 = 0.48) between seedling and cloned plants. It is postulated that variation in the environmental conditions when seedling and cloned plants (from the same genotype) may be responsible for these weak associations. Important changes in selection strategies have been implemented to overcome problems related to a lengthy harvesting season. (Résumé d'auteur

Manuel Uribe Ángel : viajero y observador 1867-1892

Sin lugar a dudas, Manuel Uribe Ángel puede ser considerado como el más importante de los intelectuales del siglo xix en Antioquia. Nació en Envigado en 1822; hijo de José María Uribe Arango y Josefa Ángel Uribe. Era biznieto por partida doble del regidor perpetuo de Medellín, don Antonio Uribe, cabeza de la rama más extensa e importante de esa familia en Antioquia. Los tíos abuelos y tíos carnales de Uribe Ángel formaron parte de las élites criollas de finales de la colonia, en las que hubo un significativo número de clérigos, funcionarios y, sobre todo, comerciantes. Además, tenía parentesco con próceres, intelectuales, políticos, mineros y comerciantes del siglo xix

Reproducción inducida y producción de alevinos de Sabaleta Brycon henni: determinación del tiempo de latencia utilizando extracto de hipófisis de carpa Reprodução induzida e produção de alevinos da Sabaleta Brycon henni: determinação do tempo de latência utilizando Extrato de Hipófise de Carpa Induced breeding and production of fingerlings of Sabaleta Brycon henni: Determining the time of latency using Carp Pituitary Extract

Esta investigación fue realizada en la estación piscícola de San José del Nus (Antioquia). Fue iniciada en el año 2002 con la captura y adaptación de un lote de 100 reproductores silvestres, provenientes de tres microcuencas cercanas a la estación piscícola y fue continuada en el año 2003 con la captura de otros 80 ejemplares, con los cuales se hicieron los primeros ensayos de inducción hormonal estimulando la maduración final y la ovulación con dos dosis de Extracto Pituitario de Carpa (EPC) (0.5 + 5.0 mg/kg de peso corporal). Para la obtención de los gametos se utilizó extrusión en seco en los tres grupos de peces. La maduración final y la ovulación se indujo en 20 hembras y la espermiación en 20 machos. El resultado más relevante fue la ovulación y desove de ocho hembras, de las cuales sólo dos fueron completamente exitosas, con un tiempo de latencia de 13 y 11 h, respectivamente. De la primera hembra con un peso de 136.2 g, se extrajeron 1421 huevos, los cuales fueron fertilizados, mostrando una sobrevivencia de embrión a larva de 28% y de larva a alevino de 35.7%. La segunda hembra, de 90 g de peso corporal, desovó 1348 huevos mostrando un porcentaje de fertilidad de 74%, sobrevivencia larval del 40% y sobrevivencia hasta alevino comercial de 25%. En cada uno de los desoves se obtuvo un número de alevinos netos de 141 y 101, respectivamente. La temperatura de incubación fue de 24.5 ºC y de 25.3 ºC. Cabe destacar que el en mismo año se encontró una hembra ya desovada que presentó nuevamente madurez gonadal tres meses más tarde.<br>Esta pesquisa foi realizada na estação de piscicultura de São José del Nus (Antioquia). Foi iniciada no ano 2002 com a captura e adaptação de um lote de 100 reprodutores selvagens provenientes de três córregos perto da estação piscicola e foi continuada no ano 2003 com a captura de outros 80 exemplares, com os quais foram feitos os primeiros ensaios de indução hormonal estimulando a maduração final e a ovulação com duas doses de extrato de hipófise de carpa (0.5 + 5.0 mg / kg de peso corporal). Para a obtenção dos gametas se utilizo extrusão em seco para os três grupos de peixes. A maduração final e a ovulação foi induzida em 20 fêmeas e a espermiação em 20 machos. O resultado mais relevante foi a ovulação e desova de oito fêmeas, das quais apenas duas foram completamente bem sucedidas, o período de latência foi de 13 e 11 h, respectivamente.. Da primeira fêmea, com 136.2 g de peso corporal, obtiveram-se 1421, os quais foram fertilizados, com uma sobrevivência desde embrião a larva de 28% e de larva até alevin de 35.7%. A segunda fêmea de 90 g de peso corporal, desovou 1348 ovos mostrando uma percentagem de fertilidade de 74%, sobrevivência larval de 40% e sobrevivência desde larva a alevin comercial de 25%. Em cada uma das desovas foram obtidos 141 e 101 alevines, respectivamente. A temperatura da água de incubação foi de 24.5 ºC e 25.3 ºC, respectivamente. Outra observação importante foi que, durante o mesmo período encontrouse uma fêmea desovada que apresentou de novo maturação gonadal 3 meses mais tarde.<br>This research was conducted in the San José del Nus fish farm, located in the Municipality of San Roque (department of Antioquia). This study began in 2002 with the capture and suitability of 100 wild breeding fish batches coming from three sub-basins near to San José del Nus fish farm. In 2003, another 80 specimens were captured and utilized for first hormonal induction trials by stimulating final maturation and ovulation with two doses of Carp pituitary extract (CPE) (0.5 + 5.0 mg/kg B.W.). Dry extrusion was used in the three groups of fish to obtain gametes. Spermiation and final maturation plus ovulation were induced in twenty males and females, respectively. The most relevant result was ovulation and spawning in 8 cases. Two of them were completely successful; their latency period was 13 and 11 h, respectively. From the first previously fertilized female (136.2 g. B.W.) 1421 eggs were extracted, with a survival of 28% from embryo to larva; and 35.7% from larva to alevin. The second female (90 g B.W.) spawned 1348 eggs, resulting in a fertilization rate of 74%, larval survival of 40% and survival until alevin for commercial use of 25%. In both cases, spawning resulted in an alevin net number of 141 and 101, respectively. Water incubation temperature was 24.5 ºC and 25.3 ºC. It is important to emphasize that in the same year a previously spawned female was found, and three months later this female presented gonadal maturity once again

Colombia en su música

Cinta 1: Conferencia de Marina Otero donde ofrece una panorámica de la música de su tierra a través de explicaciones tanto de compositores como de muestras de piezas musicales. Min. 05.42: Villancico colombiano / Anónimo, interpreta Coros de la Televisión Nacional Colombiana. Min. 07.13: En un desierto pesebre, interpretado por la Chirimía de la Universidad de Cauca. Min. 15.55: Las mirlas / Alejandro Wills. Min. 19.35: La Estudiantina Iris / Jesús Zapata, interpretada por el Pasillo Rondiella. Min. 22.36: Guatecano / de Emilio Morillo, interpretado por el Coro y Cantores de Colombia. Min. 26.05: Guabina, n. 2 "Veleñita" / Pancho Benavides. Min 29.40: Cumbia auténtica. Min. 30.37: Sobre el mar / Rafael Mejía, interpretada por Lucho García -- Cinta 2: Continúa la pieza Sobre el mar. Min. 03.51: El vaquero / de José Barros. Min. 06.47: Galeón llanero / Alejandro Wills. Min. 09.48: El campesino : joropo / Efraín Medina Mora. Min. 17.12: Arrullo / Alberto Castilla. Min. 20.03: Danza Malvaloca / Luis A. Calvo. Min. 28.54: AplausosMarina Otero Leni

Constitución y jurisprudencia. Balances y perspectivas de la construcción de un Estado social y democrático de derecho en Colombia

El presente libro da cuenta del proceso de constitucionalización del derecho llevado a cabo por parte de la Corte Constitucional colombiana durante las primeras 3 décadas de su existencia, en los diversos fallos que ha emitido en los temas concretos tratados en el texto; particularmente, en el campo de la dogmática penal frente al caso de la captura, la detención preventiva y la libertad individual. Así mismo, se abordan temáticas referentes al derecho fundamental a la salud y protección social, relaciones entre las categorías género y derecho, el delito de lavado de activos, el fuero penal militar, la constitucionalización de la actividad contractual, el debido proceso, el problema del daño antijurídico y la obligatoriedad de medidas previas en la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos

Título: En un desierto pesebre

Marina Otero LenisCinta 1: Conferencia de Marina Otero donde ofrece una panorámica de la música de su tierra a través de explicaciones tanto de compositores como de muestras de piezas musicales. Min. 05.42: Villancico colombiano / Anónimo, interpreta Coros de la Televisión Nacional Colombiana. Min. 07.13: En un desierto pesebre, interpretado por la Chirimía de la Universidad de Cauca. Min. 15.55: Las mirlas / Alejandro Wills. Min. 19.35: La Estudiantina Iris / Jesús Zapata, interpretada por el Pasillo Rondiella. Min. 22.36: Guatecano / de Emilio Morillo, interpretado por el Coro y Cantores de Colombia. Min. 26.05: Guabina, n. 2 "Veleñita" / Pancho Benavides. Min 29.40: Cumbia auténtica. Min. 30.37: Sobre el mar / Rafael Mejía, interpretada por Lucho García -- Cinta 2: Continúa la pieza Sobre el mar. Min. 03.51: El vaquero / de José Barros. Min. 06.47: Galeón llanero / Alejandro Wills. Min. 09.48: El campesino : joropo / Efraín Medina Mora. Min. 17.12: Arrullo / Alberto Castilla. Min. 20.03: Danza Malvaloca / Luis A. Calvo. Min. 28.54: Aplauso

Practice Patterns and Outcomes of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Injection for Retinopathy of Prematurity

To report practice patterns of intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and outcomes data with a focus on retreatments and complications. Multicenter, international, retrospective, consecutive series. Patients with ROP treated with anti-VEGF injections from 2007 to 2021. Twenfty-three sites (16 United States [US] and 7 non-US) participated. Data collected included demographics, birth characteristics, examination findings, and methods of injections. Comparisons between US and non-US sites were made. Primary outcomes included number and types of retreatments as well as complications. Secondary outcomes included specifics of the injection protocols, including types of medication, doses, distance from limbus, use of antibiotics, and quadrants where injections were delivered. A total of 1677 eyes of 918 patients (43% female, 57% male) were included. Mean gestational age was 25.7 weeks (range, 21.2–41.5 weeks), and mean birth weight was 787 g (range, 300–2700 g). Overall, a 30-gauge needle was most commonly used (51%), and the quadrant injected was most frequently the inferior-temporal (51.3%). The distance from the limbus ranged from 0.75 to 2 mm, with 1 mm being the most common (65%). Bevacizumab was the most common anti-VEGF (71.4%), with a dose of 0.625 mg in 64% of cases. Overall, 604 (36%) eyes required retreatment. Of those, 79.8% were retreated with laser alone, 10.6% with anti-VEGF injection alone, and 9.6% with combined laser and injection. Complications after anti-VEGF injections occurred in 15 (0.9%) eyes, and no cases of endophthalmitis were reported. Patients in the United States had lower birth weights and gestational ages (665.6 g and 24.5 weeks, respectively) compared with non-US patients (912.7 g and 26.9 weeks, respectively) (P < 0.0001). Retreatment with reinjection and laser was significantly more common in the US compared with the non-US group (8.5% vs. 4.7% [P = 0.0016] and 55% vs. 7.2% [P < 0.001], respectively). There was no difference in the incidence of complications between the 2 geographic subgroups. Anti-VEGF injections for ROP were safe and well tolerated despite a variance in practice patterns. Infants with ROP receiving injections in the US tended to be younger and smaller, and they were treated earlier with more retreatments than non-US neonates with ROP