235 research outputs found
Short communication: Response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to mirror images
The response of cultured rainbow trout to their mirrored image was investigated. Thirty fish were placed individually in two novel aquariums consecutively for 10 min each. Walls in one aquarium were covered with mirrors on all four sides, whereas the walls of the other aquarium were non-transparent black. Because all four walls were covered with mirrors, the mirrored image of the fish was reproduced multiple times such that âa groupâ of fish was created surrounding the individual. Half of the fish started in the aquarium with the mirrors, whereas the other half started in the mirrorless aquarium. Fish swim faster in the aquarium with mirrors than in the mirrorless aquarium (2.95 vs. 2.40 cm/s; p < 0.01), indicating a positive behavioural response towards their mirrored images. Fish did not show aggressive interactions towards their mirrored images. Being confronted with âa groupâ of fish and not just one âopponentâ may have inhibited aggressive behavior, or individuals may not have considered the images to be fellow individuals. Fish that swam faster in the mirrorless aquarium also did so in the aquarium with mirrors (r = 0.73; p < 0.0001), indicating a persistent behavioural coping response (boldness) in response to the two novel environments. Mirrors may be used to influence social behaviour of fish in aquaculture; further research is needed to investigate the influence of mirror placement in tanks of group housed trout on growth and behaviour
Short communication: Response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to mirror images
The response of cultured rainbow trout to their mirrored image was investigated. Thirty fish were placed individually in two novel aquariums consecutively for 10 min each. Walls in one aquarium were covered with mirrors on all four sides, whereas the walls of the other aquarium were non-transparent black. Because all four walls were covered with mirrors, the mirrored image of the fish was reproduced multiple times such that âa groupâ of fish was created surrounding the individual. Half of the fish started in the aquarium with the mirrors, whereas the other half started in the mirrorless aquarium. Fish swim faster in the aquarium with mirrors than in the mirrorless aquarium (2.95 vs. 2.40 cm/s; p < 0.01), indicating a positive behavioural response towards their mirrored images. Fish did not show aggressive interactions towards their mirrored images. Being confronted with âa groupâ of fish and not just one âopponentâ may have inhibited aggressive behavior, or individuals may not have considered the images to be fellow individuals. Fish that swam faster in the mirrorless aquarium also did so in the aquarium with mirrors (r = 0.73; p < 0.0001), indicating a persistent behavioural coping response (boldness) in response to the two novel environments. Mirrors may be used to influence social behaviour of fish in aquaculture; further research is needed to investigate the influence of mirror placement in tanks of group housed trout on growth and behaviour
The separate effects of self-estimated and actual alcohol intoxication on risk-taking: a field experiment
Firstâ© Versionâ©(âAlcoholâ© Consumption â©and â©Risk â©Attitudeâ):â© October â©2008.Many risky actions are carried out under the influence of alcohol. However, the effect of alcoholic intoxication over the willingness to take risks is complex and still remains unclear. We conduct an economic field experiment in a natural, drinking and risk-taking environment to analyze how both actual and self-estimated blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels influence subjectsâ choices over monetary lotteries. Our results reveal a negative impact of both actual and self-estimated BAC levels on risk-taking. However, for male and young subjects, we find a positive relationship between BAC underestimation (a pattern of estimation error which mainly occurs at high BAC levels) and the willingness to choose riskier lotteries. Our findings suggest that a risk compensation mechanism is activated only when individualsâ own intoxication level is consciously self-perceived to be high. We conclude therefore that human propensity to engage in risky activities under the influence of alcohol is not due to an enhanced preference for risky choices. In addition to the suggestion in the existing literature that such propensity is due to a weakened ability to perceive risks, our results indicate that an impaired self-perception of own intoxication level may also be an important factor.Financialâ© support â©from â©the â©Spanish â©Ministryâ© of â©Scienceâ© and Innovation (SEJ2010â17049/ECON),â© theâ© Regionalâ© Programs
SEJâ02547,â© SEJâ340â© andâ© SEJâ023â© ofâ© theâ© Regionalâ©
Government â©of â©Andalusiaâ©
Traffic monitoring for assuring quality of advanced services in future internet
The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21560-5_16Services based on packet switched networks are becoming dominant in telecommunication business and both operators and service providers must evolve in order to guarantee the required quality. Increasing bandwidth is no longer a viable solution because of the business erosion for network operators which cannot expect revenues due to the large investments required to satisfy new applications demand of bandwidth. This paper presents devices and a specific architecture of services monitoring platform that allows network operators and service providers to analyze the perceived quality of service and check their service level agreements. Thus, a cost-effective service management, based on direct IP traffic measuring, can be supported on integrated monitoring systems to provide network-centric mechanisms for differentiated quality of service, security and other advanced services.This work has been partially developed in the framework of the Celtic and EUREKA initiative IPNQSIS (IP Network Monitoring for Quality of Service Intelligent Support)
Climate-induced environmental conditions influencing interannual variability of Mediterranean bluefin (Thunnus thynnus) larval growth
Daily growth variability of bluefin (Thunnus thynnus)
larvae sampled in their Balearic Sea spawning grounds
during the 2003â2005 spawning seasons was examined.
Multi-factorial ANOVA was applied to study
the effects of environmental variables, such as temperature
at 10 m depth (T10), microzooplankton dry
weight (MDW) and protein/dry weight ratio (PROT/
MDW) on larval growth. The 2003 bluefin tuna
(BFT) larval cohort showed the fastest growth, recognizable
from enhanced otolith and somatic mass increment
compared to the 2004â2005 larval cohorts. The
2003 BFT larvae showed greater recent growth than
the 2004â2005 BFT cohorts, which decreased in the
last stages of development. Growth differences
between the 2004 and 2005 larval cohorts were not
significant. The environmental conditions between
2003 and 2004â2005 were highly contrasting as a
result of the 2003 warming anomaly. Somatic and otolith
growth rates (OGR) were significantly related to
T10 and MDW, as well as to the PROT/MDW ratios.
Nonetheless, the effect of T10 on OGR depended on
the relative high (H) or low (L) levels of MDW and
PROT/DW. Higher OGR was observed when T10 was
high, MDW was low and PROT/DW was high. This
environmental scenario conditions were met during
2003, which recorded the highest surface temperature
and low planktonic biomass. Somatic growth,expressed as larval DW growth increase (DWGR),
showed three-factor significant interactions with
T10*MDW*PROT/MDW, in which the two-way
interactions of MDW*PROT/MDW showed differences
in the function of T10 levels.Postprin
Revista de Vertebrados de la Estación Biológica de Doñana
ContribuciĂłn al estudio de la bermejuela Rutilus arcasi, Steindachner, 1866 de la cuenca del JĂșcar (Osteichthyes: Cyprinidae)II. Edad y crecimientoSobre la taxonomĂa de Barbus comiza Steindachner, 1865 (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae)FenologĂa de una comunidad de anfibios asociada a cursos fluviales temporales.Nueva especie para la ciencia de Anolis (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) de Cuba pertenecient eal complejo argillaceusSegregaciĂłn ecolĂłgica en una comunidad de ofidios.El Aguila Imperial (Aquila adalberti): dispersiĂłn de los jĂłvenes, estructura de edades y mortalidaSobre diferencias individuales en la alimentaciĂłn de Tyto albaInfluencia de las condiciones ambientales sobre la organizaciĂłn de la comunidad de aves invernantes en un bosque subalpino mediterrĂĄneoVariaciones en la agregaciĂłn y distribuciĂłn de la cabra montĂ©s (Capra pyrenaica Schinz,1838) detectadas con un muestreo de excrementosAlimentaciĂłn del conejo (Oryctolagus cuniculus L. 1758) en Doñana. SO, EspañaSobre la distribuciĂłn de Barbus meridionales Risso, 1826 (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae) en la PenĂnsula IbĂ©ricaSobre la distribuciĂłn de Barbus meridionales Risso, 1826 (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae) en la PenĂnsula IbĂ©ricaNueva cita de Barbus microcephalus Almaça (Pisces, Cyprinidae) en España.RevisiĂłn taxonĂłmica y distribuciĂłn de Cobitis maroccana Pellegrin, 1929 (Osteichthyes, Cobitidae)Datos sobre una poblaciĂłn de Lacerta viviparaSobre la presencia de Emys orbicularis en la provincia de LeĂłn.Algunas observaciones sobre la captura de quirĂłpteros por Falco subbuteo y Falco tinunculusNyctalus leisleri (Kuhk, 1818) (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Una nueva especie para las islas CanariaNuevos datos acerca de la distribuciĂłn del topillo campesino Microtus arvalis, PALLAS 1778, en la PenĂnsula IbĂ©ricaPeer reviewe
Vegetation evolution during the Last Maximum Glacial Periodin FU-1 sequence (Fuentillejo Lacustrin «Maar», Campo de Calatrava, Ciudad Real)
We show data pollen, of core in Fuentillejo-1 (FU-1) located in the maar lake Fuentillejo site (Campo de Calatrava, Ciudad Real), in order to know the palaeoenviromental changes. The sedimentary record upper 10 m (unit 23), show a deposition of different sedimentary facies, during the last 20240 a. cal BP. The decrease of forest and low diversity values are characteristiques to the Last Maximum Glacier. The expansion of thermophilous trees and human activity signal have been identified the Holoceno.Se presentan los datos polĂnicos, procedentes del sondeo Fuentillejo-1 (FU-1), realizado en el centro de la laguna del maar de Fuentillejo (Campo de Calatrava, Ciudad Real). La descripciĂłn del registro sedimentario de los primeros 10 m, correspondiente a la unidad litolĂłgica 23 del registro sedimentario del sondeo FU-1, ha permitido interpretar cuĂĄles fueron los condicionantes ambientales y climĂĄticos con anterioridad a 20240 a. cal. BP. El descenso de la masa forestal, la pĂ©rdida de diversidad y la existencia de niveles estĂ©riles en el contenido de polen definen las caracterĂsticas climĂĄticas durante el Ăltimo MĂĄximo Glaciar; la recuperaciĂłn del bosque mediterrĂĄneo y la actividad antrĂłpica identifican al Holoceno.</span
Early Stepdown From Echinocandin to Fluconazole Treatment in Candidemia: A Post Hoc Analysis of Three Cohort Studies
[Background] There are no clear criteria for antifungal de-escalation after initial empirical treatments. We hypothesized that early de-escalation (ED) (within 5 days) to fluconazole is safe in fluconazole-susceptible candidemia with controlled source of infection.[Methods] This is a multicenter post hoc study that included consecutive patients from 3 prospective candidemia cohorts (2007â2016). The impact of ED and factors associated with mortality were assessed.[Results] Of 1023 candidemia episodes, 235 met inclusion criteria. Of these, 54 (23%) were classified as the ED group and 181 (77%) were classified as the non-ED group. ED was more common in catheter-related candidemia (51.9% vs 31.5%; Pâ
=â
.006) and episodes caused by Candida parapsilosis, yet it was less frequent in patients in the intensive care unit (24.1% vs 39.2%; Pâ
=â
.043), infections caused by Nakaseomyces glabrata (0% vs 9.9%; Pâ
=â
.016), and candidemia from an unknown source (24.1% vs 47%; Pâ
=â
.003). In the ED and non-ED groups, 30-day mortality was 11.1% and 29.8% (Pâ
=â
.006), respectively. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (odds ratio [OR], 3.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48â10.61), Pitt scoreâ
>â
2 (OR, 4.39; 95% CI, 1.94â9.20), unknown source of candidemia (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.14â5.86), candidemia caused by Candida albicans (OR, 3.92; 95% CI, 1.48â10.61), and prior surgery (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.08â0.97) were independent predictors of mortality. Similar results were found when a propensity score for receiving ED was incorporated into the model. ED had no significant impact on mortality (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.16â1.53).[Conclusions] Early de-escalation is a safe strategy in patients with candidemia caused by fluconazole-susceptible strains with controlled source of bloodstream infection and hemodynamic stability. These results are important to apply antifungal stewardship strategies.This research forms part of an activity that has received funding from EIT Health. EIT Health is supported by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT), a body of the European Union that receives support from the European UnionÂŽs Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program. This study has been cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund. E. M.-G. (PI18/01061), P. P.-A. (âRio Hortegaâ contract CM18/00132), M. F.-R. (âMiguel Servetâ contract CP18/00073), and C. G.-V. (FIS PI18/01061) have received research grants from the Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Instituto de Salud Carlos III.Peer reviewe
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